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Telophase

A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind. Mitosis is complete.

Interphase

Before mitosis begins, chromosomes are copied. Each chromo- some is then two chromatids.

Prophase

Mitosis begins. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Chromosomes condense into rod-like structures.

Anaphase

The chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Metaphase

The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Homologous chromosomes pair up.

Organ

a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

Organ System

a group of organs that work together to perform body functions

Tissue

a group of similar cells that perform a common function

Organism

a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently

Chromosome

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

Mitosis

in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes

Structure

the arrangement of parts in an organism

Fermentation

the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen

Osmosis

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Cytokinesis

the division of the cytoplasm of a cell

Cell Cycle

the life cycle of a cell

Passive Transport

the movement of substances across a cell mem- brane without the use of energy by the cell

Active Transport

the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy

Endocytosis

the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

Cellular Respiration

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Photosynthesis

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food

Exocytosis

the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane

Function

the special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part

Diffusion

- the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density