Early Childhood Education (5025) - Praxis

For a population of organisms that is neither growing nor declining in size, which of the following are most likely to be equal? A. The birth rate and death rate B. The number of herbivores and number of carnivores C. The number of organisms in the youngest age class and number in the oldest age class D. The number of plant species and number of animal species

A.The birth rate and death rate

Third-grade students are creating a story map as they read about the donkey Sylvester, who has turned into a rock. The most important benefit of the story-mapping activity is that it will help the students A. improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events B. make connections to other characters who have solved a problem C. develop a vocabulary they can use in writing their own stories D. understand the essential features of a problem and its solution

A.improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events

Learning to differentiate among words that have common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as "pre-," "un-," "dis-," "-tive," "-tion," and "-ment") are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of A. morphological analysis B. configuration cues C. contextual clues D. phonemic analysis

A.morphological analysis

Addition Division Multiplication Subtraction

Addition: Associating the factors in different ways results in the same sum. Division: For some pairs of whole numbers, the result may not be a whole number. Multiplication: Commuting the factors results in the same product. Subtraction: It can be used to determine how many more there are in one set than in another

Graphic novels are effective for third-grade students because they... A. provide interesting plots for advanced readers B. allow development of visual and verbal literacy C. demonstrate the use of similes and metaphors D. display charts and graphs in a variety of ways

B. allow development of visual and verbal literacy

Four students are given a set of twenty-five blocks and asked to represent the blocks using a base-ten method. Which of the following representations best shows a fully developed understanding of base-ten representations? A. one 10-block rod and 15 units B. two 10-block rods and 5 units C. 25 units D. five 5-block rods

B. two 10-block rods and 5 units

A first-grade student, Kyle, has drawn an elaborate picture of a garden in his journal and has written: "I LK RD FLRS." Kyle's sentence suggests that an appropriate next step in his development as a writer would be learning to... A. print lowercase letters B. use medial vowel sounds C. blend consonant sounds D. recognize common sight words

B. use medial vowel sound

Three-year-old Samuel is looking at pictures of a dog, a bird, and a snake. The teacher observes Samuel counting the four legs on a dog and wants to use this teachable moment to reinforce Samuel's sequencing skills. Which of the following steps would the teacher most likely prompt Samuel to do first? A. Sequencing the pictures from fewest legs to most legs B. Counting the number of legs on each individual animal C. Writing the number of legs of each animal on a whiteboard D. Making a simple graph of the number of legs on each animal

B.Counting the number of legs on each individual animal

Which TWO of the following actions demonstrate self-awareness in an average first-grade student? A. Taking turns when playing with other students B. Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C. Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week D. Listening to another student who is retelling a familiar story

B.Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C.Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week

Which of the following activities would be most effective in establishing a democratic classroom? A. Having the class create models of important monuments in Washington B. Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class C. Having students role-play ways of being a good citizen D. Reading a book about the writing of the Constitution to the class

B.Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class

Which of the following students composes both sentences as simple sentences? A. Mario: At school. Everyone does work. B. Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house. C. Anna: She's smiling because the dog came back. After he came back, he wanted food. D. Jacquelyn: Drive fast! We'll be late if we don't hurry.

B.Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house

During a unit titled "All About Me," a first grade teacher would like the students to create a time line of their life to share with the class. Which of the following is most important for the students to include in the project? A. Descriptions or pictures of special events related to their family's culture B. Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order C. Pictures of family members and friends arranged in order of importance to them D. Magazine clippings of the favorite foods their family enjoys

B.Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order

Which of the following actions would be most effective in directly decreasing the impact of the greenhouse effect on the environment? A. Using taller smokestacks B. Reducing the use of fossil fuels C. Adding lime to acidified lakes D. Developing drought-resistant crops

B.Reducing the use of fossil fuels

A first-grade teacher brings different types of flowers into the classroom and asks the students to make observations about them. Which of the following student responses is an example of a scientific observation that will best help in classifying the flowers? A. Some of the flowers are wilted. B. Some of the flowers are yellow. C. The flowers are pretty. D. The flowers are soft.

B.Some of the flowers are yellow.

(1+5×2)−2×2 A student used the order of operations to solve the expression shown. Which of the following identifies the last step needed to simplify the expression when applying the order of operations? A. Subtracting 2 from 22 B. Subtracting 4 from 11 C. Multiplying 2 by 2 D. Multiplying 9 by 2

B.Subtracting 4 from 11

Which of the following measurements is sufficient to be able to calculate a cube's volume in the Customary System of measurement? A. The density of the cube B. The length of the cube's edge C. The mass of the cube D. The weight of the cube

B.The length of the cube's edge

A kindergarten teacher puts the shapes above on a whiteboard and asks the students to use their math words to describe what they see. Which of the following student comments contains an error? A. The triangle is outside and above the rectangle. B. The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has. C. The rectangle is bigger and on the bottom of the triangle. D. The rectangle has the same number of corners as it has sides.

B.The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has.

Which of the following actions is the best example of a student showing good citizenship? A. Playing an instrument for a school performance B. Volunteering to clean up a park C. Working at practical tasks from beginning to end D. Developing a positive attitude toward school

B.Volunteering to clean up a par

A teacher is informally assessing second-grade students' listening comprehension skills after reading aloud Aesop's fable "The Lion and the Mouse." Which of the following prompts requires the children to draw an inference from the fable? A. Who are the characters in the fable? B. What lesson does the fable teach? C. How does the mouse help the lion? D. Can mice and lions really talk?

B.What lesson does the fable teach?

After sharing a picture book about opposites with a class of 3-year-old children, a teacher talks with the children about the concept of opposites. The teacher then asks them to use the pictures in the book to talk about opposites with their peers. The lesson best encourages oral language development in young children by A. helping them construct meaning from a text B. encouraging them to engage in conversation C. using a text as a resource to teach a concept D. modeling a think-aloud to encourage thought

B.encouraging them to engage in conversation

After reading two texts about the first Thanksgiving, a third-grade teacher asks students to compare the events in both texts. Which of the following graphic organizers is best for the students to use? A. Flowchart B. Venn diagram C. Story map D. Cluster diagram

b. Venn Diagram

Basic science process skills form the touchstone for scientific thinking. It is crucial that measuring, observing, inferring, communicating, and (i) A. classifying be practiced regulary in the science classroom at the most basic level. It is the (ii) E. integration of these skills that allows for a well-rounded understanding of scientific concepts.

classifying and integration

Draw a triangle and divide it into halves Draw a square and divide it into halves Which is larger: half of the triangle or half of the square? A third-grade teacher asks students to complete the tasks shown. By asking students the question, the teacher most likely wants them to... A. understand that it is much easier to divide a square than a triangle B. recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole C. understand how to find equivalent fractions using concrete examples D. recognize that a fraction is a part of a whole

B.recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole

Hedy delivers 1 letter to Harry on Monday, 3 letters on Tuesday, and 5 letters on Wednesday. For the rest of the week, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, the number of letters Harry receives increases by the the same quantity established on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Which of the following is the total number of letters that Harry receives that week? A. 13 B. 18 C. 36 D. 49

C. 36

19+17+15+13+7+5+3+1 Which of the following is another way of writing the sum of the numbers shown? A. 4×18 B. 4×19 C. 4×20 D. 4×21

C. 4×20

Which of the following is equivalent to 3/5ths ? A. 15% B. 30% C. 60% D. 75%

C. 60%

Which of the following activities will best foster the development of students' listening skills? A. Asking students to identify rhyming words from a list of words B. Asking students to identify which picture has a different initial sound from a set of three pictures C. Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud D. Asking students to draw a picture and then write a sentence about their drawing

C. Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud

Which of the following spelling patterns is found in the word "bone"? A. VC B. CVC C. CVCe D. CVVC

C. CVCe

"Write about a time when you lost something important you." A third-grade teacher asks students to respond to the prompt shown. The prompt asks students to produce which of the following types of writing? A. Expository B. Informative C. Narrative D. Persuasive

C. Narrative

To provide a real-world example of a lever, a second-grade teacher should have students use which of the following pieces of playground equipment? A. Slide B. Swings C. Seesaw D. Sandbox

C. Seesaw

A preschool teacher provides a water table and various containers for children to use to investigate ways water can be stored and transferred. After a few weeks, the teacher introduces funnels and colanders to the center. Which of the following is the most appropriate focus question for the teacher to pose as children explore these new items? A. Why does the water always run down the funnel? B. Which of the containers will hold more water? C. What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander? D. How does the shape of the container affect the shape of the water?

C. What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander?

The ability of the heart to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body during a whole-body workout involving the large muscles is most closed associated with A. flexibility B. resistance C. aerobics D. stamina

C. aerobics

A kindergarten teacher opens a book to the middle of the story and asks a student, "Where on this page should I begin reading?" It is most likely that the teacher is attempting to evaluate the student's A. ability to draw inferences from text B. phonological knowledge C. concepts about print D. understanding of syntax

C. concepts about print

There are 21 red and green crayons in a box. 13 of the crayons are red. How many are green? Student 1: 21−g=13 Student 2: 13+□=21 Student 3: G+13=21 Student 4: 21−13=Δ A teacher asks four students to write a number sentence that represents the word problem shown. Which of the following is represented by a letter or a symbol in each student's number sentence? A. A numerator B. A factor C. An unknown D. A sum

C.An unknown

5+4=9 4+5=9 Which of the following properties of operations is best illustrated by the mathematical statements shown? A. Additive inverse property B. Additive identity property C. Commutative property of addition D. Associative property of addition

C.Commutative property of addition

Jean is willing to hike in the snow, but Jim is reluctant and goes inside because of the frigid temperatures. Which type of context clue in the sentence helps decode the meaning of the underlined word? A. Definition B. Synonym C. Contrast D. Example

C.Contrast

Which of the following whole-group activities would best support kindergartners' understanding of a story's setting after listening to the story read aloud? A. Sequencing picture cards of the events in the story B. Creating a map showing the relationships among the characters in the story C. Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings D. Creating a chart matching the details in the story to the main idea

C.Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings

A preschool teacher asks children to each find one item in the classroom that is shorter than a provided ruler and one item that is longer. Which of the following methods is an age-appropriate strategy for comparing the objects that the children select? A. Creating a bar graph B. Placing all items end to end C. Lining objects up side by side D. Making a pie chart

C.Lining objects up side by side

While planning a science unit, a teacher decides to include several activities that will have children handle, examine, and experiment with soil samples. Which of the following terms best describes the activities? A. Reasoning activities B. Classification activities C. Multisensory activities D. Problem-posing activities

C.Multisensory activities

A teacher asks preschoolers Dominic and Keira to make sure that each child at their table has an apple. They take several apples from a basket and place an apple in front of each child seated at their table. Dominic then says, "We need more apples for our table, an apple for Keira and an apple for me." Which of the following mathematical understandings is Dominic demonstrating? A. Rote counting B. Cardinality of a set C. One-to-one correspondence D. Estimating a quantity less than 10

C.One-to-one correspondence

Which of the following best reflects an inquiry-based science activity for a unit about the life cycle of insects? A. Visiting a live-butterfly exhibit online B. Reading books about types of worms C. Raising caterpillars in the classroom D. Drawing pictures of insects

C.Raising caterpillars in the classroom

Each student in a math class is given a shoe box containing 20 pennies. The teacher has the student shake the box and then write a number sentence relating the number of heads showing, the number of tails showing, and the total number of coins. Which of the following concepts is most closely aligned to the purpose of the activity? A. Exploring the intuitive meaning of chance B. Recognizing that addition and subtraction are inverse operations C. Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition D. Identifying a one-to-one correspondence

C.Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition

Which of the following activities will best help students understand the structure of a science text? A. Completing a cluster diagram B. Summarizing the text C. Reviewing the subtitles D. Developing questions about the text

C.Reviewing the subtitles

Which of the following best describes energy that is produced by vibrations and travels only through a medium? A. Gravitational potential B. Light C. Sound D. Heat

C.Sound

Which of the following educational goals best states why first graders should receive instruction designed to develop their media literacy? A. Students will understand the United States monetary system and how to spend money wisely. B. Students will learn that all sources of information can be trusted as nonbiased and accurate. C. Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens. D. Students will learn to compare products and make good choices when shopping.

C.Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens.

Which of the following are sight words? A. Stool, paste, green B. Bead, paid, foil C. They, said, does D. Round, white, large

C.They, said, does

Which of the following strategies will best help students create engaging oral presentations? A. Preparing notes to read word-for-word during the presentation B. Providing the class with copies of the written report before the presentation C. Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation D. Memorizing the entire report before the presentation

C.Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation

A preschool teacher is introducing the concept of living and nonliving things. The most appropriate introduction of the concept would be to ask children to A. create a chart of the characteristics of living and nonliving things B. sort pictures of living and nonliving things in a learning center C. describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium D. role-play living and nonliving things in a game of charades

C.describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium

A second-grade teacher is using a globe and a world map while explaining time zones as they relate to direction. The most accurate statement the teacher could make about time zones is that each time zone becomes earlier than the previous one as an individual travels A. north across lines of latitude B. south across lines of latitude C. west across lines of longitude D. east across lines of longitude

C.west across lines of longitude

Which THREE of the following classroom activities are effective for helping a student who is a slow and nonfluent reader? A. Reading along with a taped or recorded book B. Timed reading sessions designed to increase the number of words read per minute C. Repeated choral readings of the class's favorite poems and funny stories D. Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

A, C, D

A person comparing the volume of 1 kilogram of feathers with the volume of 1 kilogram of gold would observe that the A. 1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume B. 1 kilogram of feathers has a smaller volume C. feather and the gold have equal volumes D. volume of the gold varies with pressure

A. 1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume

Which of the following is the best example of a group working together to address the group members' needs? A. A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food. B. Every Friday, first-grade students exchange books with each other to read over the weekend. C. A teacher provides students with additional recess time as a reward. D. Business leaders sell stocks to fund the construction of a new manufacturing plant.

A. A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food.

Which of the following is the most appropriate time to encourage young children to start writing? A. As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker B. When they first recognize the speech-print relationship C. After they have learned left-to-right orientation D. When they show they can follow instructions

A. As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker

I enjoyed the trip to the museum. We rode there in the school bus. We also saw many displays and ate lunch. Which of the following instructional strategies will be most useful in helping the student improve the writing piece shown? A. Asking the student questions about the trip B. Providing the student with an informational text to find more ideas C. Asking the student to write a list of descriptive words D. Showing the student how to construct simple sentences

A. Asking the student questions about the trip

Which of the following is most effective in helping young children develop phonological awareness? A. Singing songs with simple rhymes B. Singing the alphabet song C. Using large markers to print letters D. Looking for environmental print

A. Singing songs with simple rhymes

Which of the following can be used to help kindergarten students understand what is meant by a repeating core pattern consisting of a triangle, a circle, and a square? A. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle, square B. triangle, circle, square, triangle C. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle D. triangle, circle, triangle, circle, triangle, circle

A. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle, square

A first-grade class is learning about addition and subtraction fact families. Which of the following students has correctly written an example of two equations in the same fact family? A. Abia, who writes 5 + 3 = 8 and 8 - 3 = 5 B. Kali, who writes 3 + 4 = 7 and 7 - 1 = 6 C. Ru, who writes 4 + 2 = 6 and 2 - 6 = 4 D. Ted, who writes 2 + 3 = 5 and 1 + 4 = 5

A.Abia, who writes 5 + 3 = 8 and 8 - 3 = 5

Which of the following manipulatives are most appropriate for a teacher to use with second-grade students exploring place value? A. Base ten blocks B. Pennies C. Geoboards D. Six-sided number cube

A.Base ten blocks

A kindergarten teacher begins a lesson on the properties of triangles by displaying several different shapes to students. Then, the students sort the shapes into triangles and nontriangles. After sorting the shapes, the class then discusses the characteristics of a triangle. Which of the following students most completely and correctly identifies the characteristics of a triangle? A. Jacob, who said, "All triangles have three sides and three angles." B. Kayla, who said, "All straight-edge shapes with three sides are triangles." C. Mark, who said, "All triangles have two short sides and a long side." D. Sally, who said, "All closed shapes with angles are triangles."

A.Jacob, who said, "All triangles have three sides and three angles."

A second-grade teacher is researching information on folklore. Which of the following can be a problem when studying folklore? A. Lack of primary source documentation B. Difficulty locating links between oral and written literatures C. Identifying universal themes D. Recognizing prototypical characters

A.Lack of primary source documentation

Which of the following is a primary function of flowers? A. Pollination B. Photosynthesis C. Phototropism D. Pasteurization

A.Pollination

Ms. Craig asks her students to write the word "sailboat". Levi spells the word "PKLLEEP". At which of the following levels is Levi spelling? A. Prephonemic B. Phonemic C. Transitional D. Conventional

A.Prephonemic

The most direct path between one location and another on a globe is always along A. one of the tropics B. the equator C. the prime meridian D. a great circle

D. a great circle

The "ake" in the words "bake" and "snake" is an example of which of the following? A. phoneme-grapheme relationship B. long-vowel /a/ digraph C. morpheme D. rime

D. rime

On the number line, the point with coordinate 1/2 is the greatest distance from the point with which of the following coordinates? A. 3/2 B. 0 C. 1 D. −32

D. −3/2

City X 8 P.M. Monday City Y 6 ​A.M. Tuesday The table shows the local times for a person in City X and a person in City Y who are having a phone conversation. The time in City Y is how many hours different from the time in City X ? A. 14 hours behind B. 14 hours ahead C. 10 hours behind D. 10 hours ahead

D.10 hours ahead

A third-grade teacher is planning a lesson on the impact of human actions on the physical environment. Which of the following events would best relate to this topic? A. El Niño in South America B. Drought in central Africa C. An earthquake in Haiti D. An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

D.An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Which of the following is the most appropriate introductory activity about syllables for a kindergarten class? A. Having children underline the vowels in a word with a red crayon B. Asking children to draw a line to separate each syllable break in a word C. Having children write the number of syllables in a word represented by a picture card D. Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

D.Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

Third-grade students are writing reports on a science topic. Which of the following tools will best help students with the assignment by initiating written discussion of their report? A. Slide-share programs B. Instant messaging applications C. Interactive whiteboards D. Blogging programs

D.Blogging programs

Ms. Hanza, a second-grade teacher, surveys her students and tallies their favorite shapes. Then, the class constructs the graph shown above. Which of the following math skills will the activity primarily reinforce? A. Learning properties of geometric figures B. Understanding concepts of probability C. Exploring spatial relationships D. Collecting and representing data

D.Collecting and representing data

Which of the following activities will best help first-grade students understand changes that occur over time? A. Investigating the cultural celebrations and holidays of other countries B. Identifying the characteristics of the individual seasons of the year C. Analyzing the current ways energy is produced in their area D. Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

D.Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

A teacher gives each student in a class a list containing the words "whale," "three," "ship," and "chew." Then the teacher says, "Circle the two letters in each word that go together to make the new sounds we have been learning about." The exercise can most appropriately be used to assess the students' ability to recognize which of the following? A. Consonant blends B. Double vowel sounds C. Short vowel sounds D. Consonant digraphs

D.Consonant digraphs

A class is reading a story in which the main character is facing a dilemma. Which of the following activities is most likely to encourage the students to think ahead and collaboratively generate solutions to the character's dilemma? A. Categorizing the characters in the book into groups of major and minor importance B. Having students independently make a list of five possible solutions C. Showing the students a video version of the story D. Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

D.Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

At the end of a second-grade reading unit, a teacher reads the following sentences in a child's response journal. "This is a long tail. Their onced was a sun. He worked in a coal mind. He was sooty. Then he found a garland. That is a red gem." The child needs help with which of the following? A. Synonyms B. Antonyms C. Phonics D. Homophones

D.Homophones

Ben bought 3 cantaloupes for $1.50 each and 3 watermelons for $4.00 each. If he paid for the 6 items with a $20 bill, how much change did he receive? A. $2.50 B. $3.50 C. $4.50 D. $5.50

B. $3.50

At a certain school, the ratio of the number of female teachers to male teachers is 5 to 2. Which of the following could be the total number of female and male teachers at the school? A. 20 B. 35 C. 37 D. 52

B. 35

Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 2/3? A. 4/16 B. 8/12 C. 4/8 D. 12/16

B. 8/12

Second-grade students are using a calculator to total the number of books in their classroom library. At one point, they mistakenly subtract 12 instead of adding 12. What one change can they make to the total of 57 on the calculator display to correct the mistake? A. Add 12 B. Add 24 C. Subtract 12 D. Subtract 24

B. Add 24

A second-grade teacher is recording information about the students' favorite colors in a table on a whiteboard. The teacher asks each student for his or her favorite color and then writes the student's name next to the name of the selected color. Which of the following is most appropriate to use to display the information? A. Stem plot B. Bar graph C. Line graph D. Box plot

B. Bar graph

Which of the following demonstrations best illustrates a chemical change? A. Boiling water B. Burning a candle C. Melting an ice cube D. Connecting two magnets

B. Burning a candle

To an observer on Earth, it appears as if the Sun orbits Earth once each day. Which of the following is responsible for the misconception? A. Earth's smaller size B. Earth's rotation C. Earth's tilt on its axis D. Earth's orbit

B. Earth's rotation

Which of the following organisms has a body consisting of a head, a thorax, and an abdomen? A. Starfish B. Fly C. Centipede D. Shark

B. Fly

A teacher provides students with a list of words that include "precede," "project," "illegal," and "disappear." The students are most likely learning about which of the following concepts? A. Onsets B. Prefixes C. Consonant blends D. Diphthongs

B. Prefixes

Which of the following terms best describes the ability to read with expression and appropriate phrasing? A. Accuracy B. Prosody C. Rate D. Schema

B. Prosody. Prosody refers to appropriate use of phrasing and expression to convey meaning when reading

Which of the following strategies is most beneficial for students to use during the publishing stage of the writing process? A. Reviewing and reorganizing the draft B. Typing the final copy on a computer C. Correcting errors in spelling and grammar D. Holding peer conferences

B. Typing the final copy on a computer

A third-grade student asks the teacher why it is important to learn about the cultures of other countries. Which of the following statements would be most helpful in answering the student's question? A. "To honor an educational tradition" B. "To help students become more like each other" C. "To help us understand the contributions of ancient civilizations" D. "To learn that people are more alike than different"

D. "To learn that people are more alike than different"

+25−25=0 −10+10=0 Which of the following is the property of integers illustrated by the equations shown? A. Associative property of addition B. Commutative property of addition C. Additive identity property D. Additive inverse property

D. Additive inverse property

Which of the following classroom activities provides first-grade students with the most meaningful practice in counting? A. Counting the number of trees in 20 acres of forest B. Connecting dots to order numerals from 1 to 20 C. Matching numerals to sets of objects D. Determining the number of school days before the next holiday

D. Determining the number of school days before the next holiday

Which of the following is an example of a Tier 2 vocabulary word? A. Dog B. Asphalt C. Tsunami D. Establish

D. Establish

Which of the following is caused by a virus? A. Malaria B. Ringworm C. Sickle cell anemia D. Influenza

D. Influenza

Which of the following concepts is a second-grade teacher introducing by having students understand the consequences of breaking rules? A. Demand B. Tolerance C. Diversity D. Justice

D. Justice

Students in a second-grade class are comparing the lengths of different objects in the classroom using metric measurement units. Which of the following measurement units is most appropriate for the students to use? A. Yard B. Kilometer C. Foot D. Meter

D. Meter

A teacher notices that a student has written the words "goed" and "breaked" in a story. Which of the following best describes the error the student is making? A. Applying a wrong verb tense B. Using a compound predicate C. Using suffixes in a novel way D. Overapplying a recently learned rule

D. Overapplying a recently learned rule

Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development? A. Places vowels in syllables B. Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters C. Understands word structure D. Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

D. Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

Mary wants to invite a friend over to play. She knows her mother will grant permission for the friend to come over only after Mary finishes her chores. Mary completes her chores and then asks if she can have her friend come over. Which of the following concepts is best described in the scenario? A. Supply and demand B. Conflict resolution C. Risk management D. Self-regulation

D. Self-regulation

Bobby and Jasmine are kindergarten students who are playing at the water station. Jasmine fills a cup with water, lifts it up, and turns it over. She says, "Look, Bobby, I'm making rain!" Bobby replies, "I can make rain too." He then picks up the plastic watering can and pours the water into the water station. Which of the following instructional activities will best support the students' development of inquiry skills? A. Reading a story about rain and discussing the characters in the story with the students B. Providing a picture of a rainy day and asking the students to tell a story based on the picture C. Showing a video about rainy, snowy, and sunny days and telling students to describe different activities they can do on each day D. Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain

D.Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain

At the beginning of the school year, a second-grade teacher observes that students in class often argue with one another when they are assigned to work with someone they do not like. Which of the following is the best action for the teacher to take in resolving these conflicts? A. Requiring students who have a history of initiating arguments to stay after school B. Introducing a process where students are paired up only if they get along with one another C. Giving extra assignments to the entire class until the arguments stop occurring D. Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others

D.Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others

Which of the following activities would best help 3 year olds develop a respect for differences among people in the classroom? A. Watching a video about community groups showing compassion B. Taking a field trip to a local business to see different job responsibilities C. Writing a story about a time that they couldn't do something D. Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives

D.Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives

Which of the following best explains why it is necessary to teach unfamiliar, academic vocabulary to students who are English-language learners before they are asked to read a passage in a nonfiction text? A. Such vocabulary is likely to be concrete and easy to illustrate. B. Such vocabulary is appealing to visual and kinesthetic learners. C. Such vocabulary is likely to be similar to words in the students' first languages. D. Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations.

D.Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations

September-bt, November-bot, January-bote Child's spelling of "boat." Based on the information in the chart above, it can be inferred that the child: A. has a limited knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds B. has not yet learned about long vowel sounds C. is not using the classroom word wall appropriately D. is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds

D.is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds