ED 4090
Probes of basic academic skills ____.
consist of timed samples of academic behaviors
Once unmet needs have been identified, one of the first strategies a teacher should implement is to ____.
contact the family
____ words such as 'similar/different and problem/solution' help students organize important information in textbooks.
cue
A method for measuring the level of achievement of students in terms of what they are taught in the classroom is ____.
curriculum-based assessment
Which of the following is a characteristic of an effectively designed learning strategy?
d. Strategy reviews headings and examines boldface words.
definitions ____.
d. should only contain words students already know
The most important part of reciprocal teaching is ____.
d. the teacher releasing control and turning the dialogue over to the students
According to the guidelines for effective teamwork with paraprofessionals, how often should a teacher discuss goals, priorities and plans?
daily
Teachers us a ____ to provide ongoing information to students and their parents.
daily activity log
Because of the unique learning, especially in the domain of communication, these students are likely to receive special education services beginning at birth.
deaf-blindness
Two major types of reading problems that students with learning and behavioral disabilities have are ____.
decoding and comprehension
Accommodations for individuals with multiple disabilities differ from individuals with intellectual disabilities in ____.
degree and complexity
It is important to document unmet needs because doing so ____.
demonstrates systematic attempts to help meet the student's needs
Students can be best taught to use self-monitoring by ____.
demonstrating the process, practice and feedback
Students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities often are ____.
dependent upon ongoing support throughout and beyond their school years
Which of the following identifies elements in the first step of the INCLUDE strategy?
determine classroom management, physical organization, routines and climate
The primary purpose of student evaluation is to ____.
determine the level of student mastery
The primary purpose of psychological tests is to ____.
determine whether a student has an intellectual or a particular learning problem
In order for collaborative efforts to work effectively, members of a collaborative team must ____.
develop tolerance of other member's beliefs
Creating a school environment for collaborating with parents is accomplished by ____.
developing home learning activity packets related to your learning objectives
Teachers can expect paraprofessionals to assume all of the following tasks except ____.
developing lessons
Which of the following is not a strategy that will benefit students with significant conduct problems?
engage students in extremely challenging academic tasks
Providing students who are gifted and talented with the information, materials, and assignments that allow them to elaborate on the concepts taught as part of the regular curriculum is ____.
enrichment
Which of the following is a suggested guideline for using the INCLUDE strategy?
ensure the questions match the instructional level
When accommodating students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities, teachers should remember to ____.
establish collaborative efforts with the student's family
Teachers monitor student classroom behavior frequently by____.
establishing a clear view of the class regardless of the activity
During an initial parent-teacher conference, the teacher should focus on the goal of ____.
establishing a two way exchange of information with the parent
The step of the shared problem solving process in which the collaborative team considers whether an idea is feasible and will resolve the problem is ____.
evaluating ideas
To use ____, a teacher will count how many times the behavior occurs in a given period to time.
event recording
Individuals with speech disorders may have life-long emotional problems because they typically ____.
experience peer rejection
Students with traumatic brain injury typically ____.
experience social difficulties
Individuals with emotional disturbances have problems learning primarily because of ____.
external or internal behavioral adjustment problems
When a behavior is not reinforced, it eventually decreases. This is called ____.
extinction
The prevalence of giftedness varies from state to state because of all except ____.
federal laws
Children born to mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy may be born with ____.
fetal alcohol syndrome
Well designed textbooks require____.
fewer accommodations for the students with special needs
Students with visual impairments often struggle academically because they have ____.
fewer opportunities to acquire information
Children with autism spectrum disorder often ____.
find making and maintaining eye contact difficult
How quickly a student is able to perform a skill or recall academic material is called student ____.
fluency
Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by difficulty with ____.
fluency
Manipulatives and models can benefit students with special needs in each of the following ways except ____.
focusing their attention throughout lessons
'Discipline' has its root in the word 'disciple', which most closely means ____.
follower of a teacher
Teachers can directly teach students with communication disorders listening skills by providing practice in ____.
following directions
General education teachers who engage in collaborative efforts realize that such efforts ____.
foster a sense of shared decision making, trust and respect among participants
To view a situation from another person's perspective is ____.
frame of reference
Skills in listening to directions during lessons and on the job pertain to ____.
gaining information
The individual most responsible for seeing that the paraprofessional has adequate understanding of established classroom expectations is the ____.
general education teacher
The person who typically has the most detailed, day-to-day knowledge of the student's academic, social and physical needs within the classroom is the ____.
general education teacher
Of abilities commonly assessed by psychological tests, which describes the ability to recognize similarities across objects, events and settings?
generalization
Gardner's multiple intelligences include all of the following except
gifted/talented
Which of the following is a recommended accommodation for test administration?
give extended time to finish tests
The estimate of what the multidisciplinary team believes the student should be able to accomplish within a year is outlined in the ____component of the IEP.
goals
____ give students a visual format to organize their thoughts while looking for main ideas.
graphic organizers
tracking is ____.
grouping students by perceived ability for instruction
Giving students verbal cues when they are first practicing a learning strategy is a part of ____.
guided practice
Direct instruction involves ____.
guided student practice
When assigned independent student practice, students are more likely to be successful if they ____.
have a desire to learn what they are practicing
Throughout the assessment process, it is critical that school personnel ____.
have adequate training to administer and evaluate the tools that are used
Students who are gifted and talented tend to ____.
have an insatiable curiosity
Which of the following is not a necessary guideline for developing effective teacher-paraprofessional teams?
including the paraprofessional in multidisciplinary meetings
In order for teachers to effectively expand students' language through modeling, they should ____.
incorporate modeling efforts into everyday communication with students
As students move up through the grades in school, the level of independence expected by teachers ____.
increases for all students
Successful use of the 'SLANT' strategy _____.
increases student involvement in class lectures
The preferred approach to behavior management is
increasing positive behaviors through the use of reinforcers
Skills such as note taking, time management and test-taking are ____.
independent learning skills stressed in secondary-level classes
Which of the following is not a role team members must assume?
individual
Which of the following represents the fourth step a teacher should follow when using the INCLUDE strategy?
look for potential problem areas
"Hey, Bobby, give me five. How did the Bulls do last night? All right, how 'bout another five? All right, come on over here and write the total points earned on the blackboard and we'll start our math division lesson with those numbers." Which of the following 'Transition' strategies is the teacher using?
make high-probability requests first
A strategy for helping students with Autism who have difficulty transitioning between activities is ____.
make high-probability requests first
As a result of inclusion efforts, students with learning and behavior problems ____.
make huge gains in academic and social skills while in a general education setting
Effectively using classroom time involves ____.
managing transitions
Which of the following identifies an appropriate sequence of steps a general education teacher should take when concerned about the unmet needs of a student?
analyzing needs, contacting parents, trying interventions, screening
Which of the following is not an emotion parents typically feel when they learn of their child's disability?
anger
When Eduardo takes multiple-choice tests, he tries to figure out the answer before he reads all of the choices. This is an example of what test taking strategy described in the textbook?
anticipate the answer
____ consist of a series of statements, some of which may not be true, related to the material the student is about to read.
anticipation guides
____ encourage students to make predictions about what they are about to read.
anticipation guides
High-stakes tests ____.
are criterion-referenced
Students with autism spectrum disorder are most likely to communicate orally when they ____.
are in a predictable environment with less stress
Group-administered standardized tests ____.
are intended to be used solely as screening measures
controlled materials ___.
are materials at the student's reading level and of high interest to the student
One of the main reasons students at risk differ from other students is that they ____.
are more likely to drop out of school before earning a high school diploma
Standardized achievement tests ____.
are norm-referenced
Controlled materials
are relative free of complex vocabulary
Authentic learning tasks ____.
are tasks that are presented within a 'real world' contexts
Which of the following is not true about constructing alternate assessments?
Alternate assessments must be measured at the beginning and end of the school year.
Which of the following is in the 'ANSWER' strategy?
If you do not have time to write an essay answer, write the outline for it.
Which of the following accommodations may need to be made when using performance-based tests for students with special needs?
Teach students with special needs preskills for problem solving.
IDEA requires this procedure to ensure that student progress is monitored.
The IEP will be monitored and reevaluated every three years.
____ help the teacher find out whether students have the basic understanding necessary for higher-level thought
Lower-level questions
Which of the following statements is true regarding report-card grades?
Many parents want to see how their children compare to their classmates.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding reinforcers?
Social reinforcers are the most natural type of rewards in a school environment.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding reinforcement?
Some professionals object to using positive reinforcement with students because they fear it teaches students that they are entitled to a payoff for appropriate behavior.
Which of the following is a provision of Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act?
Some students not eligible for special education services may be entitled to receive specific types of assistance to be academically successful.
____ can be used as a way of differentiating report card grades.
Standards-based grading model
Which of the following statement is true regarding performance-based assessment?
Students may utilize flexible timing.
Which of the following is a true statement concerning practice activities?
Students should be able to complete practice activities independently.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of portfolios with students with special needs?
Students with special needs need to be taught how to select and evaluate portfolio pieces.
Which of the following is a guideline for selecting effective textbooks?
Support is provided for student comprehension.
____ allows more student opportunities for practice and recitation.
Unison responding
Which model supports students with disabilities that may have trouble with transference from one concept to another?
Use a range of manipulative materials.
Before assigning homework, which of the following questions should be considered?
What background knowledge is needed to complete the assignment?
The term that refers to situations in which the primary caregivers inflict or allow others to inflict injury on a child is ____.
abuse
Attending school regularly, taking an interest in school and being organized are examples of ____.
academic survival skills
Providing students who are gifted and talented with specific subject curriculum that takes them from their current level of learning and moves them forward is ____.
acceleration
The role of the social worker in supporting the educational needs and services of students with disabilities is to ____.
act as a liaison between the school and the family
When written directions for students with special needs are difficult, ____.
add practice items you can do with the whole class
You can help students make discriminations between current and previous problem types by ____.
adding examples of skills previously taught as soon as students can perform them without error
Which of the following does your book identify as an area of concern regarding inclusion?
adequate personnel for the strong collaborative relationships among educators
Students in this group are at risk for being under-identified as gifted.
adolescent girls
Which of the following instructional practices makes the content of a book or lecture more understandable by putting the content within a more general framework?
advance organizers
Which of the following is not a component of special education?
advocates assisting in selection of curriculum and materials
Which of the following is not a characteristic of ADHD?
aggressive behavior
Students with learning and behavioral disabilities who frequently misread math signs have difficulty with which of the following key areas of math skills?
alertness to visual detail
Alternate assessments should ____.
align with state standards
Under NCLB requirements, ____ must be included in district or statewide assessments.
all students
Behavioral intervention plans are required in the IEP of ____.
all students with significant behavior problems
Skill proficiency requires considerable practice. Using controlled materials provides students with opportunities for practice, as well as ____.
allowing students to experience initial success
Adding the skills and resources of your colleagues increases your problem-solving capability for working with at-risk students. Which of the following is not a benefit of collaborating with other professionals?
allows you to gain access to their expertise
Smita's teacher has noticed that Smita repeatedly has difficulty completing a particular section of her spelling book. In this particular segment, students are asked to spell words that look and sound similar. Which of the following accommodations would most likely assist Smita's spelling performance?
altering the sequencing of some of the words for Smits
Many students with disabilities are able to participate in district and statewide assessments when provided with appropriate accommodations. However, some students are not required to meet the same standards and are allowed to use ____ to provide evidence that they meet the same broad standards as other students.
alternate assessments
Dimetri was rewarded for improving his spelling score with the opportunity to help his teacher take care of the class hamster after school. This example best illustrates ____.
an activity reinforcer
The statement, 'the purpose of today's lesson is to be able to select and sequence instructional examples' is an example of ____.
an advance organizer
The special education teacher that typically helps students prepare for employment or postsecondary education is the ____.
transition specialist
Which of the following is an aspect of classroom management?
transition time
Which category protected under IDEA includes students with characteristics that may include short-term memory loss, developmental delays, vision loss and needs that may change over time?
traumatic brain injury
Students with learning disabilities have problems learning because they have ____.
trouble processing, organizing and applying information
Students with receptive language problems may have difficulty
understanding what people mean when they speak to you
Teachers need to remember the students with hearing loss who use amplification devices ____.
may be distracted by amplified background noises
Students with orthopedic impairments ____.
may need assistance with personal care
Because of the nature of the teacher-paraprofessional partnership, collaboration ____.
may sometimes occur in shared problem solving
The peer comparison method of screening through probes uses the ____ to summarize the scores because it is affected less by extreme scores.
median
The ____ typically identifies 6 to 12 percent of a class or grade level who may be experiencing difficulty on particular skill.
median / 2
Social skills training for students with learning and behavioral disabilities ____.
must be continually monitored and re-taught if necessary
In order to support student comprehension, textbook content should be ____.
organized with meaningful headings and subheadings
Which of the following is an example of a product problem in the writings of students with learning and behavioral disabilities?
overuse of simple subject-verb constructions
When creating a same-age tutoring program, ____.
pair both high achievers
The co-teaching method that increases the student's opportunity for participation in responses to teacher questions is ____.
parallel teaching
Mr. Lester has been told by his building principal that he will have three students in his class this semester who have behavior problems and two who have learning disabilities. Mr. Lester is expected to _____.
participate in determining appropriate goals included in the IEP for students with disabilities
When working collaboratively with parents, teachers should try all of these except ____.
participate in home visits to resolve conflicts
A graphic organizer designed to help students organize their writing is a ____.
pattern guide
Which of the following is a key element of the instructional environment?
physical organization of space
____ help writers focus on background information needed for writing as well as on the audience and purpose of the paper.
planning think sheets
A purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student's efforts, progress and achievement in one or more areas is a(n) ____.
portfolio
Drill-and-practice software programs are often effectively used with students with special needs for all of the following reasons except that such programs ____.
provide students with an opportunity to engage in authentic situations
Miss Novota received the IEP for Tiffany along with her student files at the beginning of this year. Tiffany's IEP indicates the use of assistive technology listed[MJ1] under supplementary aids and services. Ms. Novota is expected to____. 26. b.the right to be recognized as a student advocate [MJ1]
provide the opportunity for the use of assistive technology in her class as indicated in the IEP
Performance-based assessment ____.
provides students with opportunities to demonstrate mastery through performance of a task
A teacher simply moving closer to a misbehaving student can sometimes resolve a problem. This strategy is called ____.
proximity control
____ occurs when a consequence applied has the effect of decreasing a behavior.
punishment
Decoding problems are most observable when the student tries to ____.
read a passage of text orally for the teacher
Which of the following describes a recommended accommodation for test administration
read test questions aloud to students with reading comprehension problems
The term dyslexia is used to identify serious difficulties with ____.
reading
The 'POSSE' strategy is a ____.
reading comprehension strategy
Dorian has a learning disability that interferes with his ability to comprehend expository text. The learning skill area in which Dorian is more likely to demonstrate difficulty would be ____.
reasoning
When schools refer to students with disabilities, they mean students who_____.
receive special education services according to federal/state guidelines
The two key parts of language with which an individual may have difficulty are categorized as ____.
reception and expression
A way to teach students to comprehend reading material by providing them with teacher and peer models of thinking behavior and then allowing them to practice these with their peers is ____.
reciprocal teaching
Teachers may need to modify their teaching to accommodate the student with visual impairment by ____.
reciting what is written on boards and overheads
When modifying test construction for students with special needs ____.
reduce the number of possible choices on multiple choice tests
Teachers who are willing to engage in collaborative efforts must first be willing to ____.
reflect on their personal belief system
The primary strategy for increasing appropriate behavior is called
reinforcement
_____ is any response or consequence that increases a behavior
reinforcement
With the technique of differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, ____.
reinforcers are used to decrease inappropriate behavior by increasing related appropriate behavior
To accommodate students with communication disorders, teachers should create a learning atmosphere of acceptance by ____.
reinforcing even attempts to communicate
Decreasing inappropriate behavior by taking something away from the student that the student desires is ____.
removal punishment
The IEP helps to accomplish all of the following except____.
remove students with mild intellectual disabilities from the school
Which of the following is not a right of a general education teacher in providing special education services?
request for a student with special needs to be moved to another classroom
To be an efficient member of a collaborative team, a teacher must have excellent communication skills, which includes all of the following except____.
resolving conflict
Which of the following would not be found in the INCLUDE strategy for students with learning and behavioral disabilities?
reteach the lesson
Jolene and her classmates learned about the nine planets of the solar system in October. But when her class was discussing space travel in December, Jolene could not remember any of the planets' names or locations. Jolene has a problem with ____.
retention
When students with learning and behavioral disabilities struggle with spatial organization in math, they may ____.
reverse the order of reading a math problem
Which of the following is the most frequently prescribed medication for students with ADHD?
ritalin
A student who receives the same reward over time may no longer find it rewarding. This best defines ____.
satiation
After a parent-teacher conference, it is important for teachers to complete each of the following except ____.
schedule a meeting with your principal
This decision involves whether or not a particular student's performance is different enough from peers to require further, more in-depth assessments.
screening
The primary purpose of Step 3 in the INCLUDE strategy is to ____.
search for activities or tasks the student can do successfully
Which of the following behavior interventions is not recommended for dealing with students with ADHD?
seat the student with ADHD near the back of the room
Which of the following is not a strategy recommended for selecting accommodations?
select appropriate accommodations regardless of how they may be perceived by others
skills that help student make decisions and direct their own behavior to achieve their goals are ____.
self-advocacy skills
The training that helps students with learning and behavior disabilities to redirect their actions in social situations by talking to themselves is ____.
self-control training
When using self-reinforcement, students _____.
self-evaluate and then judge whether they have earned a reward
Students are taught to use language to guide their performance using ____.
self-instruction
Eloise has learned to keep a daily tally of the number of assignments she completed and the number of times she answered a question in class discussions. She is using ____.
self-monitoring
Students watch and check themselves to make sure that targeted behaviors have been performed using ____.
self-monitoring
The specialist most likely to help a student with special needs develop vocabulary, pronounce words or combine words into sentences is the ____.
speech/language therapist
Which of the following diseases does not fall into the federal disability category of 'other health impairments'?
spina bifida
Two common methods of assessment for administrative decision making are ____.
standardized and high stakes
Strategies for taking notes and preparing for tests pertain to ____.
storing information
The component of the IEP that clarifies how to measure student progress toward achieving goals is the ____.
strategies for evaluation
a general term for outlines, abstracts or questions that emphasize important information in the textbook is ____.
student guide
Accommodations for students with 'orthopedic impairments' take into consideration each of the following except the ____.
student's social skills
When using manipulatives to enhance student learning, it is important to remember that ____.
students should be encouraged to verbalize their use of manipulatives to clarify their conceptual understanding
Teachers should assess student accuracy and rate on basic academic skills because ____.
students who are proficient in a basic skill are better able to master advanced skills
Ms. Applebee prepared a ____ to help her students know what the important material was for the upcoming test.
study guide
When trying to modify the learning environment to support the needs of students with hearing loss, teachers should ____.
support instruction with visual aids
When teachers regularly engage in the steps of shared problem solving, they find that the steps ____.
support truly collaborative efforts
One fundamental problem a teacher faces in their working relationships with paraprofessionals is that ____.
teachers often lack experience supervising others
The 'SCROL' strategy ____.
teaches students to use text headings to aid comprehension and help them find/remember important information
The co-teaching approach in which both teachers are equally engaged and share leadership is known as ____.
team teaching
Which of the following is a recommended strategy for taking objective tests?
consider all the alternatives
During class, students with behavioral disorders frequently ____.
engage in aggressive or disruptive behaviors
In 2004, more than ____ children were reported to child protective services as a result of suspected abuse or neglect.
5.5 million
Which of the following teacher responses would work best with students with ADHD?
"Tony, put your pencil down on your desk and raise your hand."
Which of the following is the best example of a guided practice question?
"What will you do first?"
Which of the following is the best example of appropriate feedback when teaching your students to perform learning strategies?
"Your summary includes all the important information. How did you know what to include?"
Researchers estimate _____ children grow up in families where alcohol or drugs are abused.
1 in 4
The average score on most psychological tests is ____.
100
An elementary student involved in parental tutoring should participate in sessions no longer than ____.
15 minutes
Which revision of P.L.94-142 added two new categories of disability, traumatic brain injury and autism, to those originally outlined?
1990
In addition to significant difficulty with adaptive behaviors, students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities generally have IQ scores of ____ or below.
55
In order for independent student practice to be more effective in promoting student growth and achievement, most students need to complete practice items at an accuracy rate of ____.
90%
____decisions involve whether the special education program should be terminated, kept the same or modified
Program evaluation
Bernie talks excessively and frequently interrupts students. He seems to fidget constantly. His teacher has a very difficult time keeping Bernie in his seat and he has a difficult time waiting for his turn when playing games. It is most likely that Bernie has ____.
ADHD-predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
Marie often appears forgetful and tends to lose things. She has difficulty sustaining attention event in play activities. Maria also has difficulty organizing tasks, often making careless mistakes in her schoolwork. It is most likely that Maria has ____.
ADHD-predominantly inattentive type
IDEA category 'other health impairments' includes ____.
AIDS
Low-intrusion techniques
Are most suited to minor misbehaviors
Students who have difficulty in social interactions and communication are referred to as ____.
Asperger syndrome
Clarrisa transferred into her current high school two months ago. Because Clarrisa's math grades were good, she was placed in an advanced algebra course. But now, Clarrisa is struggling and is starting to pay less attention in her math class, even though her classmates are doing well in the class. What recommendation would you make to Clarrisa's teacher?
Assess Clarrisa's algebra preskills and provide extra practice and instruction on the preskills she may lack.
Which of the following introduced the concept of integration into public education?
Brown v. Board of Education
Which of the following recommendations would you make to a new teacher about giving oral directions?
Be sure to use concrete terms in the directions.
Which of the following is true about observing behavior to analyze unmet needs?
Behavior that is markedly different from that of others warrants further investigation.
Charmaine's teacher sampled her reading from a passage at the fifth grade level and found that she read at a correct rate of 43 words per minute with no errors. What is Charmaine's teacher most likely to conclude based on this information?
Charmaine has a problem with reading rate.
Which of the following is a way that scaffolding can increase the effectiveness of non-direct instructional methods for students with special needs?
Continuous corrective feedback throughout the process increases success while diminishing the establishment of erroneous patterns.
The court decision that established the student is mainstreamed to the maximum extent appropriate when the general education setting is not successful is ____.
Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education
____ is an eligibility category applicable to students only up until the age of nine.
Developmental delay
Which of the following is a true statement regarding discipline?
Discipline is never an end in and of itself.
____ is a genetic disorder that often includes a moderate intellectual disability.
Down syndrome
Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of collaboration?
Each person must be able to work with others immediately.
____ is a set of procedures designed to improve educators' understanding of a problem behavior.
Functional behavior assessment
Which of the following homework strategies is best for students with special needs?
Give homework on skills that students can already perform
Which of the following statements is true regarding group-administered standardized and high stakes achievement tests?
Group-administered and high stakes tests are often used in making administrative decisions at the school district level.
Which of the following is not a role of an advocate on an IEP team?
He/she assists in the implementation of the IEP.
Which of the following represents a problematic, chronic pattern of behavior?
Hector disrupts his social studies class daily by arguing with the teacher and he does not complete his daily assignments.
Which of the following is the purpose of an environmental inventory?
Increase student participation in classroom and community environments.
Which of the following is true about direct instruction?
It can be modified for students with sufficient background knowledge or skills.
Which of the following is true of the Tier 1 assessment process?
It is at this point, the teacher uses district-adopted curriculum and research effective curriculum in his/her classroom.
The principal has asked two teachers to work in collaboration to develop grade level curriculum. Both teachers have been teaching fifth grade across the hall from one another for several years, but they have very different curricular ideas. The principal has indicated to the teachers, he wants all grade level teams working together on this. What key element of collaboration is the principal forgetting?
It is voluntary.
Which of the following legal cases was crucial in establishing the principles of inclusive practices?
Oberti v. Board of Education of Clementon School District
Which piece of legislation mandated the concept of least restrictive environment?
P.L. 94-142
Which of the following is not a right parents have in special education?
Parents have the right to demand special education regardless of the outcome of the assessments.
Which of the following statements is true about giving students positive feedback for learning strategy usage?
Praise students only when they produce work that is praiseworthy
One of the outcomes of the civil rights movement of the 1960s directly led to the passage of ____.
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
PReP ____.
is a teaching strategy for determining how much knowledge students already have about a topic
Which of the following represents a specific example of an articulation of a student's unmet need?
The grade book indicates Melanie turned in only 2 out of 5 assignments.
Which of the following is a true statement concerning Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973?
The responsibility for making accommodations for students qualifying as disabled through Section 504 belongs to general education personnel, not special education personnel.
In which situation would the student between the ages of 3 - 9 be eligible for special education, assuming no other circumstances or disabilities exist?
The student exhibits significant developmental delays.
Which of the following represents an accommodation within the physical organization of a classroom to improve the instructional environment?
The teacher arranges a work and reading area with soft light instead of fluorescent.
Which of the following steps in the consulting process must come before the others?
The teacher indicates a concern.
Which of the following provides the best example of a 'reasonable' accommodation?
The teacher writes an outline of the new science lesson, including key terminology, on the board to help a hearing impaired student.
Which of the following is not true of students with learning disabilities?
They are typically unmotivated to do their assigned school work.
Which of the following is not a primary role of the special education teacher?
They document student behavior when a disability may be suspected
Which of the following is not a reason why students have social skills problems?
They focus too much on the feelings of those with whom they interact.
According to your textbook, which of the following questions regarding an environmental inventory should be asked when modifying methods/materials for students with moderate to severe disabilities?
Will the modification increase independence of the student?
A method that combines the definition, positive examples and negative examples approach with graphic organizers is ____.
a concept diagram
In describing the extent of the student's participation in general education, the IEP must include all of the following except ____.
a justification for placement in a general education classroom
Mr. Rolin taught his geography students to think of the word 'HOMES' to help them remember the names of the Great Lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior. Mr. Rolin taught his students ____.
a mnemonic device
Students may choose a reward from a list of rewards called ____.
a reinforcement menu
Students who need supplemental instruction for less than 30% of their school day, in addition to what is offered in the general classroom would utilize ____.
a resource room
Verbal praise is an example of ____.
a social reinforcer
'LAMPS' is ____.
a strategy for regrouping and carrying in addition
Teacher beliefs about discipline have ____.
a strong cultural basis
For every math homework assignment that is 100% correct, Ms. Freeman's students earn a baseball card or sticker on their paper. This example best illustrates ____.
a tangible reinforcer
Mr. Jabbar assigned a ten-page term paper to his history students. To help his class complete their project, Mr. Jabbar taught his students how to break down the entire term paper project into smaller parts, estimate the amount of time it would take to complete each of the smaller parts and then schedule the time in a schedule book. Mr. Jabbar taught his students the steps for performing ____.
a task analysis
Ms. Nevid helped her students learn their spelling words by: (a) saying the word; (b) spelling it out loud three times; (c) covering the word; (d) writing it down from memory; and (e) comparing her spelling to the correct spelling. Ms. Nevid taught her students ____.
a verbal rehearsal strategy
One example of a work environment that supports collaboration is ____.
arranged shared planning time
Jamie has difficulty being understood when she speaks primarily because she slurs words. Her speech problem is with ____.
articulation
Learning strategy instruction begins by____.
assessing how well students can currently use the strategy
The process of gathering information to monitor student progress and make educational decisions if necessary is ____.
assessment
Which is not an accountability requirement of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001?
assessment results must be reported only in terms of percentiles
Which of the following is the major reason why students with special needs may have difficulty completing their homework assignments?
assignments are too difficult to begin with
this is not one of the five levels of language proficiency
assimilating
The role of the school nurse in educating a student with disabilities is often to ____.
assist in determining if the student's behavior has a medical basis
In consulting, teachers seek the help of another professional with specific expertise so that the professional is able to ____.
assist the teacher needing the benefit of their expertise
Technology that can enable students with both low and high-incidence disabilities to bypass their disability is known as ____.
assistive technology
Which of the following is not a related service?
assistive technology
Children with ____ comprise the largest group of chronically ill students in the United States.
asthma
A disorder characterized by chronic and serious inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity is ____.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Students who demonstrate learned helplessness benefit from ____.
attribution retraining
A student whose behavior is characterized in part by a lack of appropriate social responsiveness from a very early age is likely to be diagnosed with ____.
autism
In his or her role as an advocate for students in the , the teacher has the right to ____. classroom
balance the needs of the student with the special needs with the other students in the class
An agreement between the teacher and the student clearly listing expectations for the student, rewards for meeting expectations, consequences of not meeting expectations and the timeframe for which the agreement is valid is a(n) ____.
behavior contract
Students who know how to act appropriate in social interactions but often act impulsively benefit from ____.
behavior contracts
Teachers can foster more a positive parental reaction to information regarding their child's disability by ____.
being sensitive to various emotions the parent may experience
Which of the following is not a characteristic that all individuals with autism spectrum disorder share?
below average cognitive functioning
Generally, parents of special education students view inclusion as ____.
beneficial for both academic and social reasons
Planning specifics when engaged in shared problem solving requires collaborative team participants to do all of the following except____.
brainstorm possible solutions to the problem
The impact of cultural and linguistic diversity in educational settings can be examined from three perspectives. This is not one of the three perspectives.
bridging and expanding content
Which of the following is not true regarding how teachers can enhance the effectiveness of Tier 1 instruction?
by continuing instruction and correcting student errors at intervals
Autism spectrum disorder ____.
can exist in many forms, from mild to severe
Immediate feedback on practice items is important, so students ____.
can make meaningful corrections of their work
A fourth-grade teacher walks up to a student and whispers, "You came quietly into class, put your homework in the 'IN' box, went to your seat and took out your workbook. That's terrific Jeannine!" The teacher is using the strategy of ____.
catch 'em being good
When a student behaves according to expectations, the teacher acknowledges and rewards that behavior. This best illustrates the strategy of ____.
catch 'em being good
The largest group of students with orthopedic impairments in public schools is ____.
cerebral palsy
Which of the following is not a disease or disorder protected under the other health impairments category?
cerebral palsy
Jocelyn, a student with a learning disability, has trouble remembering large amounts of information for tests. Jocelyn's teacher decides to make Jocelyn responsible only for the key terms in the chapter. Therefore, Jocelyn's test has only 25 questions compared to the 50 questions for the rest of the class. Jocelyn answered 24 questions correctly and received an 'A' for the test. Jocelyn's teacher ____.
changed the grading criteria for Jocelyn
All of the following are accommodations for individuals with autism spectrum disorder except ____.
changing the classroom seating assignments
Which of the following groups of children is least likely to be considered at risk for school failure?
children who are quiet
Aquanetta wants to remember her new friend's phone number. Instead of trying to remember all seven digits (5-5-6-1-9-7-7), she divides it into three numbers, ordered small to large, that she can more easily remember: 5-56-1977 (read five, fifty-six, nineteen seventy-seven). Which technique did Aquanetta use?
chunking
When Sadie studies for a test on a chapter of a history textbook, she tries to recall five to seven key ideas to trigger her recall of more significant details. Sadie is using a memory device called ____.
chunking
Which of the following identifies the four general areas of 'instructional environments'?
classroom management, classroom grouping, instructional materials and instructional methods
When developing task goals, team members should remember to be ____.
clear and explicit
Positive ongoing collaboration between a teacher and paraprofessional is dependent upon ____.
clear communication
An example of students with learning and behavioral disabilities having difficulty performing skills that could help them learn more readily would be ____.
coming to attention
Success of teams ultimately depends upon the ____.
commitment of the members
Which of the following is often assessed on psychological tests?
comprehension
Miss Littlefield is wondering if her third grade student, Laura, meets established federal guidelines for being classified as having a disability, and if so, what is the nature/extent of Laura's disability? These questions most closely concern ____.
diagnosis
Students need which of the following preskills in order to utilize most note-taking strategies?
differentiating main ideas and details
To learn note-taking strategies such as 'CALL UP', students need the preskill of ____.
differentiating main ideas and details
Which is not a characteristic of students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities?
difficulty learning through repetition
Students born with hearing loss often struggle academically because they have ____.
difficulty understanding language
Generally, tracking tends to ____
discriminate against students at risk
In order to use cognitive behavior management with special needs students, teachers must ____.
discuss the strategy with the student and present a rationale for its use
When a textbook is not written clearly, students with special needs ____.
do not ask questions and do not employ strategies to clarify the information
In alternative teaching, the occasional use of small groups is appropriate for all of the following options except ____.
elaboration
A student who has demonstrated persistent, pervasive aggressive behavior would most likely receive special education services under this category.
emotional disturbance
Which of the following is a high-incidence disability?
emotional disturbances
All of the following are important to include when teaching students to use schedule books except ____.
encouraging students to make entries in their neatest handwriting
Jacob wants to take calculus during his sophomore high school year. His guidance counselor looks at the math courses Jacob has completed to see if he has the necessary academic background. Jacob's guidance counselor understands that in order for Jacob to be successful in calculus, he must ____.
have the necessary prerequisites skills
Teachers can best ensure that all students give their own responses to oral instructor questions about a lesson's content by ____.
having students indicate their responses with index cards
Mr. Boggs reads aloud the spelling words for his fourth grade class and his students spell out the words on their papers. This is an example of which of the following probe classifications?
hear-write
The use of a 'grading rubric' ____.
helps students judge the quality of their own work
Effective self-advocacy training ____.
helps students learn their strengths and weaknesses
'POWER' is a strategy that ____.
helps students organize themselves to carry out all steps in the writing process
The 'WARF' strategy ____.
helps students to increase and/or adjust their reading speed
Giving students a practice test ____.
helps to familiarize the class with the test format
The most critical step of the shared problem solving process is ____.
identifying the problem
Advocates of inclusive practices believe that ____.
if traditional academic expectations cannot be met, expectations should be changed, not the setting
____ can be incorporated into the traditional grading system by moving students up a grade if their work gets better during the marking period.
improvement grades
Maintenance goals include all of the following except ____.
improving individual communication skills
In the first half of the twentieth century, a student with a relatively mild learning disability was most likely to receive instruction ____.
in a special education classroom
Schools must give parents advanced written notice in all of the following cases except when ____.
initiating the screening process
Inquiry learning is an instructional method that places the learner in the role of ____.
initiator
Decisions that involve the initial instructional level for students are ____.
instructional evaluation
Which of the following is not a required element of an IEP?
instructional methods
Disadvantages of using tutorial software programs with students with special needs include providing ____.
insufficient review and tasks that fail to motivate
The federal category that comprises the largest group of individuals with low-incidence disabilities receiving special education services is ____.
intellectual disabilities
Most students with multiple disabilities have a(n) ____.
intellectual disability and physical impairment or sensory impairment
In order to identify a least restrictive environment other than a general education setting ____.
intensive supports must have been provided without success
In social interactions, teachers can assist students who are deaf-blind by ____.
interpreting the deaf-blind students behaviors to other students in the classroom
When introducing new skills to students with special needs ____.
introduce the skills in small steps
The amount of background knowledge students have about a content-area lesson ____.
is often just as important as the instructional presentation for students' understanding of the material
wait time ___.
is the amount of time you give students to think about the answer before responding
When proposing solutions in shared problem solving, collaborative teams often use brainstorming, which is based on the notion that ____.
judgment of ideas should be suspended
A common characteristic of students with disabilities is ____.
lack of organization
Self-instruction is a strategy that helps students ____.
learn to use language to guide or talk themselves through a task
Frank is a fifteen-year old freshman in high school with significant problems in reading comprehension. Each year he slips further behind his peers academically. For a while, Frank acted out at school, bullying classmates and disrupting teachers. Now, however, Frank ignores all efforts to help him, repeatedly saying it doesn't matter since he plans to drop out of school when he turns sixteen. Frank's behavior is characteristic of ____.
learned helplessness
The difficulty of students with learning and behavioral disabilities to see any connections between their efforts and success is a result of ____.
learned helplessness
Noticeable characteristics of students with moderate or severe intellectual disabilities include difficulty with all of the following except ____.
learning basic skills of semi-independent living
A majority of students receiving special education services in public schools have ____.
learning disabilities
The largest group of individuals with high-incidence disabilities falls into the federal disability category of ____.
learning disabilities
Techniques, principles or rules that enable students to learn how to solve problems and complete tasks independently are ____.
learning strategies
An individual whose vision with correction is 20/200 is ____.
legally blind
In order for co-teaching to be most effective, teachers must ____.
let the curriculum guide the choice of approach
Transition plans are written into IEP's to ensure students are prepared for ____.
life after leaving school
The most common intervention for students with ADHD is ____.
medication prescribed by physicians
The term intellectual disability is sometimes used instead of ____.
mental retardation
The level of loss of hearing at which an individual is no longer able to hear the loudness and pitch of normal speech, such that he or she could follow a conversation, would be ____.
moderate loss
Teachers should use classmates to assist with individuals with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities in all of the following ways except ____.
monitoring physiological needs
The cross-categorical approach means ____.
more attention is paid to a student's learning needs than to specific labels of the disability
Compared to the professional requesting help, the consultant should always be ____,
more knowledgeable about the area of concern
Least restrictive environment is a student's right to be educated in an environment ____.
most like that for peers without disabilities
Which of the following statements is false regarding graphic organizers?
most students with special needs are confused by graphic organizers
Creating a classroom where students' cultures are acknowledge and valued is a fundamental characteristic of ____.
multicultural education
This category is used only when a student's disabilities are so serious and interrelated that none can be identified as a primary disability.
multiple disabilities
Students with the dual sensory impairment of deaf-blindness typically ____.
need help making sense of events others take for granted
An increase in behavior to avoid a response is the result of ____.
negative reinforcement
Zaphie's mother tells her that if she finishes her homework, she will not have to do the dishes. Zaphie's mother is attempting to use ____.
negative reinforcement
According to recent statistics, the type of child abuse reported most often is ____.
neglect
The term that refers to situations in which the caregivers fail to provide the necessary support for a child's well-being is ____.
neglect
Ms. DuBois stated orally the steps that students needed to do to complete the day's math problems. Ms. DuBois then assigned the students ten problems to complete independently at their seats. Soon, Ms. DuBois discovered that many students, with and without special needs, were unable to do the problems. What is the major problem with how Ms. DuBois taught this skill?
not enough direct instruction on how to solve the problems was provided
Which of the following is not a disability defined by IDEA?
obesity
Which of the following identifies strategies in the final step of INCLUDE?
observing students and analyzing student work
The specialist who focuses on developing a student's fine motor skills is the ____.
occupational therapist
Paraprofessionals ____.
often assist in the delivery of special services for many students
Students with low-incidence disabilities ____.
often have received special education services since birth
The co-teaching approach in which two teachers take turns, with one leading the lesson and the other gathering data to improve instructional decisions is called ____.
one teach, one observe
Students with autism spectrum disorder are likely to need ____.
opportunities during the day to work and be alone
After Edmund properly put away his Bunsen burner and chemical-filled flasks in his chemistry class, his teacher gave him a 'high-five' and said "Good work, Edmund. Your lab area is sparkling clean!" Edmund cleaned up his lab area the next day as well. Edmund's teacher used ____.
positive reinforcement
Collaboration is based on a belief that values all of the following except ____.
power
Which of the following components of classroom management can effectively prevent behavior problems?
predictable classroom
Students brainstorm in which of the following 'POSSE' steps?
predicting ideas
Sometimes students with learning and behavioral disabilities know how to act in a socially appropriate manner but don't because they ____.
prefer negative recognition to none
Which of the following represents the order in which scaffolding must occur in order to promote higher-order cognitive strategies?
present new strategies, regulate difficulty during guided practice, provide varying contexts for practice, provide feedback, increase student responsibility and provide independent practice
A verbal reprimand is an example of ____.
presentation punishment
Overcorrection is an example of ____.
presentation punishment
____are basic skills necessary for performing more complex skills.
preskills
Food or other items related to basic human needs are ____.
primary reinforcers
Scottie's IEP team has decided that Scottie's special education services will take place in a full time general education classroom. This decision mainly concerns Scottie's ____.
program placement
The purpose of the 'intervention assistance team' is to ____.
provide a problem solving approach
Student self-evaluations ____.
provide information about strategy behaviors that cannot be directly observed
When the multidisciplinary team makes the placement decisions, they must ____.
provide justification for placement decisions outside of the general education classroom
When a student has extraordinary difficulties communicating for reasons other than maturation, they are typically diagnosed with ____.
speech or language impairments
Lisa frequently makes careless errors on her math homework. In order to help herself, she has made a card with a series of questions, similar to a check list. A few items included on Lisa's list are: "Have you copied the problem correctly?" "Have you checked all of the signs in the problem?" and "Have you followed the order of operations?" Which strategy is Lisa using?
self-questioning
Present level of performance must be included in the IEP because it ____.
serves as a baseline to judge student progress from year to year
Which of the following interventions is not recommended when teaching students at risk?
set realistically low expectations
Self-image can be enhanced by all of the following strategies except ____.
setting unrealistic goals
Effective classroom rules ____.
should accommodate all students' cultures
Social interactions of individuals with autism spectrum disorder are characterized by ____.
significant difficulty with social relationships
The setting of the resource room is generally organized by ____.
skills to be taught rather than by grade level
The type of grouping that provides students with special needs a range of positive models for academic and social behavior is ____.
small, mixed-skill group
Which type of grouping works best when some, but not all, students are having trouble mastering a skill?
small, same-skill group
When using a behavioral contract, the consequences of student behavior are ____.
sometimes a reward and sometimes a punishment
The person who is responsible for managing and coordinating the services a student receives is the ____.
special education teacher
Special needs students may need to be taught how to use ____, including studying for tests, taking objective tests and writing essay answers.
test taking skills
The classroom conduct of students is viewed as abnormal by teachers when ____.
the behavior negatively impacts other students in the class
P.L. 94-142 led to the mandating of ____.
the concept of least restrictive environment
One reason information obtained from group-administered standardized achievement tests may be inappropriate for making screening decisions is that ____.
the content of a standardized achievement test might not match what is taught in a particular classroom
When writing a behavioral contract for a student with special needs, teachers must be sure that ____.
the contract includes restrictions and punishments, as well as rewards
A mnemonic device that uses visual imagery to make definitions and factual information more meaningful is ____.
the keyword method
While studying the state capitals, Jose imagined a big 'N.D.' standing on a biscuit. When asked to name the capital of North Dakota during her test, Josie imagined 'N.D.', saw that it was on top of a biscuit, and remembered that it is Bismarck. Josie used ____ to help her remember.
the keyword method
The court decision in Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson School District v. Rowley stated that ____.
the law does not require optimum services for special education
Darrell's scores on his group-administered standardized achievement test indicate he is two years below grade level in reading. However, Darrell's teacher is having difficulty using the achievement test data to help Darrell learn because the test contains too few items to determine Darrell's area of difficulty. This scenario refers most closely to _____.
the results of the standardized test provide little data to guide instruction
Mrs. Nunn has two students in her class who are allowed to use spell checking machines as a supplemental aid identified in their IEP. She has requested the purchase of these devices on three different occasions, but they have yet to be purchased. Mrs. Nunn has been reprimanded by her administrator for making repeated requests to purchase these devices. Which of Mrs. Nunn's rights has been violated?
the right to be recognized as a student advocate
Grading criteria are ____.
the standards upon which students' grades are based
Peer rejection of students with learning and behavioral disorders predominantly stems from ____.
the students' failure to engage in socially appropriate behaviors
Classroom climate is influenced by this component.
the teacher's positive attitude toward individual differences
Students with language problems struggle academically because ____.
they have difficulty acquiring word analysis and spelling skills
Accurate assessment of diverse students can be difficult because ____.
they may lack exposure to test content
Which of the following is true regarding competency checklists?
they provide grading on the key concepts the student has mastered
Students with high-incidence disabilities share all of the following characteristics except ___.
they require use of AT devices
Periodic observations of a student, recording the observations at two minute intervals during a twenty minute time period is called ____.
time sampling
Holly, a first grade student, got very angry and hit her classmate. Holly's teacher told her to sit in the chair in the quiet corner of the room for a few minutes where Holly could not take part in the art project. Holly's teacher used a punishment strategy called ____.
time-out
In understanding a parent's perspective on their child's disabilities, a teacher's experience can prepare him/her ____.
to listen to the parent's discussion of the child's strengths
When an IEP is to be evaluated, the classroom teacher's role should be ____.
to participate in the process by observing and documenting any changes in the student
Recommended wait time should be ____.
up to 3 seconds
The primary goal of successful language programs is to help students with communication disorders to ____.
use appropriate language in a variety of social and academic situations
Which of the following is a recommended test construction modification for students with disabilities?
use tests that are typewritten and photocopies
Once mismatches have been identified, teachers should use the information to identify ways to eliminate or minimize their effects, including ____.
using bypass strategies in a primary area of instruction
When using scaffolding with students with special needs, teachers should remember to ____.
verify that the students have sufficient background knowledge and ability to learn the cognitive skill
Accommodations presented in the textbook addressing the social and emotional needs for students with learning and behavior problems do not include ____.
vocational training
'Instructional methods' includes which of the following?
ways in which teachers present content
Curriculum-based assessment measures the student's level of achievement related to ____.
what is taught in the classroom
Decisions in instructional evaluation involve ____.
whether to continue or change instructional procedures
Collaboration is best defined as a group of people ____.
working in a team that feel their contributions are valued