Edapt - Fluid, electrolyte, and acid base

Match the following hormones with their associated functions: 1. Promotes natriuresis 2. Stimulates Na reabsorption in exchange for K+ secretion 3. Inserts aquaporins into the DCT and collecting ducts in the kidney

1. ANP 2. Aldosterone 3. ADH

The most abundant cation in the ECF is 1. , while the most abundant ion in the ICF is 2.

1. Na+ 2. K+

Blood pH of 7 is indicative of 1. ________ ; Blood pH of 8 is indicative of 2._________

1. acidosis 2. alkalosis

What is the average intake of water per day?

2.5 L

How much of total body mass is taken up by fluids in a normal healthy adult?

45 to 60%

What perecentage of the human body is made of water?

60%

Which of the following is the normal and acceptable range of blood pH?

7.35 - 7.45

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?

ANP

Which hormone(s) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

ANP

Which of the buffer systems is not capable of raising and lowering the pH?

All of these are capable of increasing or lowering pH .Phosphate ion buffer system Respiratory compensation mechanism Renal compensation mechanism Hemoglobin buffer system

Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body?

Anabolism of lipids

How bases are defined?

Hydrogen proton acceptor

How acid is defined

Hydrogen proton donor

Abnormally high levels of Carbon dioxide in the blood in a condition known as

Hypercapnia

Severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis) often leads to:

metabolic acidosis.

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks:

metabolic alkalosis

Prolonged vomiting can result in:

metabolic alkalosis

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained:

osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF.

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by:

aldosterone

​An excess of Bicarbonate ions in the blood could lead to

alkalosis

Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within:

the cells of the body

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of

the control of respiratory ventilation

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by:

the kidneys

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n):

buffer

Dehydation occurs when water loss is _____ than water gain

greater

As a result of increase in acidity________ will occur.

hyperventilation

The thrist center is located in the

hypothalamus

In response to respiratory alkalosis, the:

kidneys retain more hydrogen ions.

The term Hyponatremia refers to

low levels of b lood Na+ levels

The most abundant mineral in human body is:

Calcium

Which of the following is a function of an electrolyte?

Controls osmosis of water between body compartments Carries electric current Serves as a cofactor Helps maintain acid- base balance ALL OF THE LISTED ARE FUNCTION OF ELECTROLYTES

Which of the following will stimulate thirst? (Select all that apply.)

Drying the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx​ Angiotensin II acting on the hypothalamus Stimulation of osmoreceptors An increase in the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid within the hypothalamus

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?

Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.

What chemical bond is observed in NaCl?

Ionic bond, and it is very weak

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells (ICF) and body fluids (ECF)?

K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids

What solution is more acidic?

Lemon juice (pH 2.2)

What solution is more basic?

Milk of magnesia (pH 10.5)

What is cation?

Postively charged particle

Which of the following functions in separtaing the intestital fluid from the blood plasma ?

The blood vessels walls

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by (select all that apply):

Triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone. Causing the release of ADH. Stimulating thirst. Stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium.

An illness causes Doug to experience severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of bicarbonate-rich secretions. How can this metabolic acidosis be compensated?

increased respiratory rate and depth

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within and is termed _______ fluid

intracelluar

The regulation of sodium

is linked to blood pressure

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments

is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces

Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone:

parathyriod hormone

The extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of the (select all that apply):

plasma cerebrospinal fluid lymph interstitial fluid

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is:

potassium

Aldosterone

promotes sodium retention in the kidneys

​Which of the following body systems is more likely to provide complete compensation for pH imbalances?

renal system

Hypoventilation leads to:

respiratory acidosis

Nancy is experiencing an acute panic attack. While hyperventilating, she remembers to open a paper bag and breathe into it. What is Nancy trying to prevent?

respiratory alkalosis

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for:

respiratory alkalosis.

Consuming a meal high in salt will:

result in a temporary increase in blood volume.

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of:

sodium ions

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate equilibrium buffer system is to:

stabilize pH changes caused by fluctuation of H+ ions