EDU 204 Final (PT. 1)

Ms. Garcia has just asked her students to organize the sheets of paper on their desks by their size. According to Piaget, what type of task is Ms. Garcia asking her students to complete? A. A seriation task B. An assimilation task C. An equilibration task D. A task involving animism

A. A seriation task

Ryan's favorite park is going to be demolished and in its place a shopping center is going to be built. Ryan is very upset because she will no longer be able to go to the park every day and play. Her mom has explained to her that they have no control over this decision; she will try to go to the next closest park, however, this park is farther away and Ryan may only get to go once a week. According to Bronfenbrenner, this example demonstrates the ___________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. mesosystem D. macrosystem.

A. exosystem

According to Erikson's life-span development theory, the primary risk during the elementary years is that an individual might develop a sense of ________. A. inferiority, unproductiveness, incompetence B. regret, despair, and sorrow C. loneliness and isolation D. guilt and anxiety

A. inferiority, unproductiveness, incompetence

One of the most crucial stages of a child's early years is Erikson's stage of "initiative versus guilt," in which children learn to: A. Control their bodily functions so they don't feel guilty about having 'accidents' B. Take initiative in feeding and dressing themselves C. Plan and carry out some of their own activities D. Persevere at difficult tasks

C. Plan and carry out some of their own activities

Trina does not score well on conventional tests but has excellent social skills, good common sense, and good problem-solving skills. In which of the following forms of intelligence does Trina seem to excel? A. Analytical intelligence B. Creative intelligence C. Practical intelligence D. None of the choices are correct.

C. Practical intelligence

According to Erikson's stages of development, at approximately what age does a person undergo the stage of identity versus identity confusion? A. The first year B. The second year C. Ages 6 to puberty D. Adolescence

D. Adolescence

Some adolescents have spent little time thinking about career options and have no particular plans beyond high school graduation. Which of the following labels best describes the identity status of such students? A. Identity diffusion B. Identity moratorium C. Identity achievement D. Identity foreclosure

A. Identity diffusion

Which of the following statements best describes a control group? A. A control group is a comparison group treated in every way like the other group except for the manipulated factor. B. A control group is a comparison group that does not participate in the experiment but fills out a questionnaire instead. C. A control group is a group of individuals randomly assigned to a variety of treatments. D. A control group is a group of individuals who design the procedures of an experiment.

A. A control group is a comparison group treated in every way like the other group except for the manipulated factor.

In general, a student is more likely to feel embarrassed when tutored by which of the following individuals? A. A student from the same class B. An older student C. Another teacher D. An adult volunteer

A. A student from the same class

"Tracking" is best described as which of the following? A. A way of organizing students into ability levels, thus making it easier to teach them B. A way of organizing students based on common interests, thus increasing student motivation C. A form of career planning based primarily on students' intelligence scores D. A form of career planning based primarily on the students' skills and interests

A. A way of organizing students into ability levels, thus making it easier to teach them

Rena is sensitive, trusting, and supportive. She would most likely be classified as being: A. Agreeable B. Conscientious C. An introvert D. An extravert

A. Agreeable

Which brain hemisphere is responsible for speech and grammar? A. Left B. Right C. The synapses D. The lateralization

A. Left

Quentin tends to reach negatively, has aggressive tendencies, lacks self-will, and does not accept new experiences rapidly. He would most likely be classified as being? A. An easy child B. A difficult child C. A slow-to-warm-up child D. An extravert

B. A difficult child

According to Piaget, this occurs when a child adjusts to the new knowledge: A. Learning to solve math problems B. Assimilation C. Accommodation D. Thinking logically and abstractly

B. Assimilation

To promote industry in elementary school children, it is recommended that teachers do which of the following? A. Encourage fantasy play and social interactions B. Challenge students without overwhelming them C. Be firm and critical when evaluating students' work D. Provide opportunities for students to discuss their views

B. Challenge students without overwhelming them

A child's tendency to analyze problems systematically and in an organized manner reflects which of the Big Five Factors of personality? A. Openness B. Conscientiousness C. Extraversion D. Agreeableness

B. Conscientiousness

Which of the following captures one of the values of having a group leader? A. Tells the group the best way to complete the task B. Helps to get the group on-track C. Squashes dissenting opinions so the group stays on-track D. Plays devil's advocate

B. Helps to get the group on-track

Erika is experiencing some indecision. She has to choose what college to attend, whether to go away from home, what career to choose, and whether to room with someone she knows. According to Erikson's life-stage development theory, what stage is Erika in? A. Trust vs. mistrust B. Identity vs. identity confusion C. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt D. Industry vs. inferiority

B. Identity vs. identity confusion

Ms. Yates provides her students with choices that are in line with their personal interests. She gives them an opportunity to think creatively and in depth about their projects. Which identified area of effective teaching is Ms. Yates demonstrating? A. Goal-setting and planning B. Motivational skills C. Classroom management skills D. Technological skills

B. Motivational skills

A student with the reflective style of learning would most likely display which of the following behaviors? A. Making frequent mistakes when answering questions on an exam B. Taking longer than most students to answer a question during class C. Starting arguments with students who have different points of view D. Preferring to work in small groups rather than independently

B. Taking longer than most students to answer a question during class

Fifteen-year old Danielle is self-conscious, and she thinks that everyone is interested in her. She desires to be noticed and she acts as if she were on stage. According to Piaget, what is Danielle experiencing? A. Classification B. Schemas C. Transitivity D. Adolescent egocentricism

D. Adolescent egocentricism

The current classification of temperament now focuses more on: A. Positive affect and approach B. Negative affect C. Effortful control D. All of the choices are correct

D. All of the choices are correct

Which of the following best describes the constructivist critique of American education? A. Children are required to sit still for too long periods of time. B. Children are given tasks that ask them to be passive learners. C. Children are asked to rotely memorize irrelevant as well as relevant information. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

According to Robert J. Sternberg, conventional schooling tends to favor students with strengths in which of the following areas of intelligence? A. Creative B. Social C. Practical D. Analytical

D. Analytical

Louis receives a new soccer ball for his birthday. His parents notice that Louis does not try to kick the ball but instead dribbles it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of: A. Conservation B. Accommodation C. Multiple classification D. Assimilation

D. Assimilation

Bruce is having trouble with his division problems; he can't finish them correctly on his own. However, he can complete them if his teacher gives him some hints. According to Vygotsky, why can't Bruce complete his division problems on his own? A. Because he cannot assimilate. B. Because he cannot accommodate. C. Because he cannot scaffold. D. Because division is in his zone of proximal development.

D. Because division is in his zone of proximal development.

Mona is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, and easily adapts to new experiences. She would most likely be classified as being? A. An easy child B. A difficult child C. A slow-to-warm-up child D. An extravert

A. An easy child

As a general rule, effective teachers would least likely do which of the following actions? A. Attempt to educate students without assistance from anyone else. B. Pursue an education beyond the minimum required for the state license. C. Ask a more experienced teacher to serve as a mentor. D. Seek funds to purchase equipment for use in the classroom.

A. Attempt to educate students without assistance from anyone else.

The sensorimotor stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups? A. Birth to 2 years old B. 2 to 7 years old C. 7 to 11 years old D. 11 years old through adulthood

A. Birth to 2 years old

Mr. Pitansi notices that some of his students take a constructivist approach to learning and are self-motivated. Which learning styles are Mr. Pitansi's students demonstrating? A. Deep B. Surface C. Impulsive D. Reflective

A. Deep

Which of the following statements best describes "character education"? A. Direct teaching of a basic moral literacy through instruction and example B. Exercises in which students learn to construct values for themselves C. Activities in which groups of students construct values for themselves and defend them D. A 6-week course in which students learn about local law enforcement

A. Direct teaching of a basic moral literacy through instruction and example

Ms. Mandrake believes that teaching involves making important judgments in the classroom based on personal skills and experiences as well as the accumulated wisdom of other teachers. What part of educational psychology is Ms. Mandrake referring to? A. Educational psychology as an art B. Educational psychology as a science C. Educational psychology as an area of psychology D. None of the choices are correct

A. Educational psychology as an art

Theresa always seems to know what other people are thinking and feeling. She is always sought after by her peers to help them with personal and relationship problems. In which type of intelligence does Theresa excel? A. Emotional intelligence B. Relationship intelligence C. Spatial intelligence D. Naturalist intelligence

A. Emotional intelligence

Which of the following best describes a limitation of the case study? A. Findings from a case study do not generalize to other people. B. There is no control group. C. Trends reveal correlation rather than causation. D. Conclusions refer to the group rather than the individual.

A. Findings from a case study do not generalize to other people.

Mrs. Marion sets high goals for her teaching, and she organizes her lessons to maximize her students' learning. She also reflects about how to make her students' learning more interesting and challenging. Which identified area of effective teaching is Mrs. Marion demonstrating? A. Goal-setting and planning B. Motivational skills C. Communication D. Technological skills

A. Goal-setting and planning

Which of the following is true regarding subject-matter competence? A. Having a thoughtful, flexible, theoretical understanding of the concepts. B. Solving every problem on the spot rather than waiting until another day. C. Remembering that teaching involves social and ethical aspects as well as academic. D. Expecting complete cooperation from students when introducing new activities.

A. Having a thoughtful, flexible, theoretical understanding of the concepts.

Corbin, one of your students, is having problems with conservation. Which of the following questions would Corbin have trouble answering correctly? Question 16 options: A. If I cut one 12-inch cherry pie into 12 pieces and another 12-inch cherry pie into 8 pieces, which 12-inch cherry pie is larger? B. How are an apple and a blueberry alike? C. 6 + 4 = 10, so does 10 dash; 4 = 6? D. If you have 8 red apples and 2 green apples, then do you have more red apples or more apples?

A. If I cut one 12-inch cherry pie into 12 pieces and another 12-inch cherry pie into 8 pieces, which 12-inch cherry pie is larger?

Sam, a student in your class, is in danger of failing math because he never does his homework. When Sam's parents come in for a conference, you explain the situation and show them his homework record. Sam's parents act shocked by the news. They then begin to accuse you of assigning too much homework for a child in the third grade. Sam's mom says, "you know a teacher should not have to make up with homework what cannot be done effectively during their class time. Sam says that you spend too much time playing around instead of teaching, he should not be held responsible for your inadequate teaching." Which parenting style are Sam's parents exhibiting? A. Indulgent B. Authoritarian C. Authoritative D. Neglectful

A. Indulgent

Andrea created a picture of an aquarium, which she plans to give to her teacher to hang in the classroom. Andrea was very excited at the idea that her teacher would hang up her picture on the wall, especially since the reason Andrea had made it was to show her teacher she could draw all sorts of fish from memory. In which of Erikson's stages do children realize that they can obtain the recognition of teachers and parents by producing things? A. Industry vs. inferiority B. Trust vs. mistrust C. Initiative vs. guilt D. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

A. Industry vs. inferiority

Students with a high level of practical intelligence would be most likely to excel at which of the following careers? A. Manager B. Accountant C. Mathematician D. Pianist

A. Manager

Which of the following is the best example of scaffolding? A. Ms. Chow first models how to make a capital letter in cursive at the board, then she provides a worksheet that groups can work on that offers tracing opportunities before she asks them to write each letter on their own. B. Mr. Osaka takes students to the museum. C. Mr. Thompson ensures a full understanding on the part of his students before advancing to the next subject. D. Mrs. Donaldson ensures curriculum materials are developmentally appropriate before suggesting them to colleagues who teach children at different ages from her students.

A. Ms. Chow first models how to make a capital letter in cursive at the board, then she provides a worksheet that groups can work on that offers tracing opportunities before she asks them to write each letter on their own.

Which of the following distinguishes constructivism from social constructivism? A. Only social constructivism emphasizes the social context of knowledge construction. B. Only social constructivism focuses on students' active construction of knowledge. C. While both stem from the work of Lev Vygotsky, only constructivism more generally emphasizes that knowledge is contextually embedded. D. While both stem from the work of Jean Piaget, only constructivism more generally emphasizes that knowledge is contextually embedded.

A. Only social constructivism emphasizes the social context of knowledge construction.

An educational researcher wants to determine which of two methods is most effective at teaching students how to speak a foreign language. Which of the following procedures would most effectively accomplish this task? A. Perform an experiment B. Conduct interviews C. Make naturalistic observations D. Complete a case study

A. Perform an experiment

Bronfenbrenner's theory provides one of the few theoretical frameworks for systematically examining how which of the following influences a child's education? A. Social context B. Biological factors C. Cognitive factors D. Inherited traits

A. Social context

If teachers want to conduct studies in their classrooms to improve their teaching methods, what type of research would they engage in? A. Teacher-researcher B. Longitudinal research C. Program evaluation research D. Action research

A. Teacher-researcher

What is the dependent variable? A. The factor measured in an experiment. B. The group whose experience is manipulated. C. The manipulated, influential, experimental factor. D. The comparison group.

A. The factor measured in an experiment.

Which of the following statements best describes characteristics of children raised by authoritative parents? A. They get along well with their peers and have high self-esteem. B. They have poor self-control and do not handle independence well. C. They are extremely competitive and highly motivated. D. They have poor communication skills but follow directions well.

A. They get along well with their peers and have high self-esteem.

"Fostering a Community of Learners" is a program that promotes reflection and discussion using all of the following strategies except which one? A. Traditional teacher-directed learning B. Adults serving as role models C. Children teaching other children D. On-line computer consultation

A. Traditional teacher-directed learning

Constructivism emphasizes that individuals learn best when they ________. A. actively put together knowledge and understanding B. work in collaborative group setting C. learn effective strategies for encoding new information D. solve real-world problems that lack a single correct solution

A. actively put together knowledge and understanding

The assumption that highlights the idea that thinking is located in social and physical contexts refers to ________. A. situated cognition B. scaffolding C. cognitive apprenticeship D. tutoring

A. situated cognition

Mia has arrived late to class. She notices the class is working in groups, interviewing each other on their likes, dreams, and accomplishments. There is a friendly atmosphere as the groups take turns asking and answering questions. What type of group work is Mia likely to guess her class is engaged in? A. team-building B. heterogeneous grouping C. Jigsaw D. STAD

A. team-building

Mr. Chandler is in a conundrum. He has gone over his cooperative learning approach meticulously and cannot find the reason behind students' lack of enthusiasm and group engagement. He has tried to incorporate materials that are appropriate as well as being infused with content matter of interest to them. He has told each student how important the lesson is for their unit exam on Friday. What is Mr. Chandler missing? A.Group rewards B. Individual accountability C. Individual rewards D. Accountability to state-mandated curricula

A.Group rewards

According to Piaget, this occurs when a child incorporates new knowledge into existing knowledge: A. Learning to solve math problems. B. Assimilation C. Accommodation. D. Thinking logically and abstractly.

Assimilation

Which of the following types of children typically have the most serious adjustment problems? A. Neglected B. Controversial C. Popular D. Rejected

D. Rejected

Where do naturalistic observations take place? A. In a controlled setting B. In the real world C. In laboratories D. None of the choices are correct

B. In the real world

Which of the following students best illustrates creative intelligence, according to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? A. Jamal scores high on state-mandated math and reading standardized tests. B. Instead of writing a conventional book report as the teacher instructed, Sierra interviews several students and writes a book review. C. Ming is easily distracted in class, but is well liked by his peers and often called upon to settle disputes. D. Maria enjoys listening to lectures and taking thorough notes.

B. Instead of writing a conventional book report as the teacher instructed, Sierra interviews several students and writes a book review.

Stella exhibits anxiousness, insecurity, and often feels sorry for herself. Which of the Big Five Factors of personality best explain Stella? A. Openness B. Neuroticism C. Extraversion D. Agreeableness

B. Neuroticism

When a teacher changes the level of support provided to a student according to the student's performance level, the teacher is engaging the student in which of the following strategies? A. Tutoring B. Scaffolding C. Cooperative learning D. Apprenticeship

B. Scaffolding

A student who is extraverted would most accurately be described as which of the following? A. Careful, organized, and disciplined B. Sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate C. Calm, secure, and self-satisfied D. Imaginative, interested in variety, and independent

B. Sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate

Students at Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning are likely to define "right" behavior in terms of: A. What people expect of them B. Society's standards regarding what's right or wrong C. What they can get away with D. Abstract principles of morality

B. Society's standards regarding what's right or wrong

Delile simply studies what needs to be learned; she often memorizes everything using rote learning and often learns passively. Which of the following learning styles describes Delile best? A. Deep B. Surface C. Impulsive D. Reflective

B. Surface

Which of the following traits indicates that a child has attained an understanding of transitivity? A. The child realizes that an object exists even when the object is hidden. B. The child realizes that A is bigger than C by knowing A is bigger than B and B is bigger than C. C. The child is able to classify objects based on two or more traits at the same time. D. The child is able to arrange objects in a sequence based on a single trait.

B. The child realizes that A is bigger than C by knowing A is bigger than B and B is bigger than C.

Which of the following statements best describes a student with identity foreclosure? A. The student has explored career paths and made a commitment toward a goal. B. The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path and made a commitment toward that goal. C. The student has not explored career paths and lacks a goal. D. The student has explored career paths but has made no commitments toward any path.

B. The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path and made a commitment toward that goal.

Which of the following statements best describes characteristics of children raised by neglectful parents? A. They get along well with others and have high self-esteem. B. They have poor self-control and do not handle independence well. C. They are extremely competitive and highly motivated. D. They have poor communication skills but follow directions well.

B. They have poor self-control and do not handle independence well.

Mrs. Fredrick has confidence in her self-efficacy and does not let negative emotions diminish her positive attitude. In this scenario, Mrs. Fredrick is demonstrating _________, a requirement for an effective teacher. A. communication skills B. commitment and motivation C. classroom management skills D. technological skills

B. commitment and motivation

A culture-fair intelligence test is best described as an intelligence test that is ________. A. designed to favor one cultural group over another B. designed to be free of cultural bias C. administered to children of all cultural groups D. administered to children in a limited number of cultural groups

B. designed to be free of cultural bias

Roger spends most of his time either at home interacting with his parents and his siblings or at preschool interacting with his teacher and his peers. According to Bronfenbrenner, these environmental systems are part of Roger's ___________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. mesosystem D. macrosystem.

B. microsystem

Julia has just finished her last education course before graduation. She makes a quick comment in her notes to outline the elements learned today and how they might be applied to her future classroom. She wants to take advantage of teachable moments as they unexpectedly arise, assess students' interests for inclusion into academic content, and bring the class diverse resources to supplement the texts provided to students. Which of the social constructivist programs does this parallel? A. Fostering a Community of Learners B. Schools for Thought C. A Collaborative School D. Success for All

C. A Collaborative School

As part of a teacher workshop, teachers are engaged in reading in-depth examinations of one student over several years. These scenarios contain very rich data about each student's life and school progress. What are these teachers reading? A. The survey result for each student B. The standardized test results of each student C. A case study D. A series of interviews

C. A case study

Which of the following is a realistic example of one of the emphases in Schools for Thought (SFL)? A. Students 'buddying-up' in peer tutoring exercises B. Having students e-mail experts in areas of academic study C. A problem-based learning exercise D. Engaging parent volunteers in student mentoring relationships

C. A problem-based learning exercise

A student with a deep learning style is best described as which of the following? A. A student who learns only what needs to be learned for an exam or assignment B. A student who answers questions quickly and accurately C. A student who connects ideas and fits information into a larger framework D. A student who lacks self-confidence and speaks quietly when asked to answer aloud

C. A student who connects ideas and fits information into a larger framework

Some studies have confirmed the existence of stereotype threat. According to this research, which of the following statements is true? A. African American students do better on standardized tests when they are told that ethnic minorities author the tests. B. Hispanic girls do better on standardized tests than Hispanic boys because the tests are biased against Hispanic boys C. African American students do more poorly on standardized tests if they believe they are being evaluated, but they perform as well as White students if they believe the tests 'don't count.' D. Asian American students do better on standardized tests if they know that the tests are not culturally biased

C. African American students do more poorly on standardized tests if they believe they are being evaluated, but they perform as well as White students if they believe the tests 'don't count.'

Ms. Lilah's class is balking about the idea of some students being assigned as group leaders. They feel it is unfair, and that some students will be likely to get on a "power trip." What would be a valid response to help students see the importance of having group leaders? A. Have students work together to draw a group picture B. Have students engage in a discussion, each having a turn to speak while others wait their turn C. Ask students to consider possible ways in which the group leaders can offer support and promote group enthusiasm despite also being responsible for aiding in getting the group on-track. D. Give students a difficult task to take their minds off the issue of group leaders.

C. Ask students to consider possible ways in which the group leaders can offer support and promote group enthusiasm despite also being responsible for aiding in getting the group on-track.

A key to team-building is to work with students' active listening skills. Which of the following is not a good way to go about doing this? A. Give them opportunities to take turns speaking B. Ask students to come up with examples of active listening C. Ask students to share how other students in the class have not engaged in good listening skills D. Give them opportunities to listen to different peers instead of monopolizing the conversation

C. Ask students to share how other students in the class have not engaged in good listening skills

According to the author of the text, children are most likely to behave in socially competent ways if they are raised with which of the following types of parenting? A. Indulgent B. Authoritarian C. Authoritative D. Neglectful

C. Authoritative

Which of the following teachers best exemplifies social constructivist thinking? A. Ms. Michaels ensures that all curriculum materials are developmentally appropriate. B. Because Marco is having difficulty with the day's assignment, Mr. Renolds meets with him to discuss how his personal experiences relate into the day's lesson. C. Because the class is having difficulty comprehending the concept of a 'defense mechanism,' Mr. Oleander puts his psychology class into groups to share their personal experiences observing these mechanisms. D. Lola finishes her independent seat work and moves to the art table with the other kids to color in her map.

C. Because the class is having difficulty comprehending the concept of a 'defense mechanism,' Mr. Oleander puts his psychology class into groups to share their personal experiences observing these mechanisms.

Which of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning? A. Dorothy does what the teacher says because she knows if she doesn't, she'll be punished. B. Bonnie obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to like her, and to think nice things of her. C. Casey obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way that a classroom and a school can run effectively is if all of the students behave appropriately. D. David obeys the teacher because the rules say that all students must obey and as a student his duty is to obey the rules.

C. Casey obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way that a classroom and a school can run effectively is if all of the students behave appropriately.

Ms. Lewis gets frustrated with her first graders performance on some tasks because they are constantly focusing their attention on one characteristic and leaving out all others. According to Piaget's theory, what are Ms. Lewis's students experiencing? A. Classification B. Seriation C. Centration D. Assimilation

C. Centration

Mr. Leroy is able to keep the class working together and oriented toward classroom tasks. He creates and maintains an environment in which learning can occur. He has an inventory of strategies for setting and maintaining rules and procedures in the class and for dealing with off-task behavior. He also monitors and paces classroom activities so that they are conducive to learning. Which identified area of effective teaching is Mr. Leroy demonstrating? A. Goal-setting and planning B. Motivational skills C. Classroom management skills D. Technological skills

C. Classroom management skills

According to Piaget, a child first understands the idea of "conservation of volume" when that child reaches which of the following stages? A. Sensorimotor stage B. Preoperational stage C. Concrete operational stage D. Formal operational stage

C. Concrete operational stage

Once a month, students from the local high school visit elementary schools to provide tutoring in reading and math. Which of the following terms best describes this scenario? A. Cooperative learning B. Jigsaw classroom C. Cross-age peer tutoring D. Same-age peer tutoring

C. Cross-age peer tutoring

Mrs. Jonas notices that in her pre-kindergarten classroom, when she changes the daily routine, some children adapt very well, but others do not. In fact, it may sometimes take a long period of time to get some children to adapt to a routine again. What is Mrs. Jonas observing? A. Differences in intelligence levels B. Differences in parenting styles C. Differences in temperament levels D. None of the choices are correct

C. Differences in temperament levels

Laticia is frustrated with her teacher, Mr. Hoffman. While Laticia enjoys getting together with her friends for tutoring, she is really upset about a recent strategy Mr. Hoffman has started. What might be a valid complaint that Laticia could make about a strategy he might have utilized that is really not an effective choice? A. He has asked to see tutors so they can spend some extra time going over all the best ways to tutor peers. B. He refuses to use peer-tutoring all the time and she really learns best in this fashion. C. He pairs up students of the same age and she feels this is demeaning. D. He has begun to communicate with students' parents about the tutoring.

C. He pairs up students of the same age and she feels this is demeaning.

All of the following skills are included in Howard Gardner's eight types of intelligence except which one? A. Mathematical skills B. Movement skills C. Imaginative skills D. Intrapersonal skills

C. Imaginative skills

Which of the following best describes a limitation of interviews and questionnaires? A. Findings do not generalize. B. There is no control group. C. Individuals give socially desirable answers. D. Conclusions do not refer to the individual.

C. Individuals give socially desirable answers.

Piaget's interest in schemas focused on how children do which of the following? A. Learn to solve math problems. B. Resolve conflicts with others. C. Make sense of their experiences. D. Think logically and abstractly.

C. Make sense of their experiences.

According to Erikson's life-span development theory, if an individual is neglected or treated badly as an infant, that individual will likely develop which of the following traits? A. Guilt B. Isolation C. Mistrust D. Identity confusion

C. Mistrust

Anna, a researcher, is observing and often participating in the classroom context on which she is recording information. Anna is interested in Hispanic children's conceptualization of friendships. She is looking for specific patterns that may be apparent. Anna has been taking notes and making observations on these children for a few weeks. What best describes what Anna is taking part in? A. Interviews B. Questionnaires C. Participant observation D. Case study

C. Participant observation

Which of the following provides the best description of within-class ability grouping? A. Students are sorted into tracks based on IQ tests from the previous year. B. Classrooms are designed so children of different socioeconomic classes can interact freely. C. Students in a single class are divided into groups based on ability for one subject each day. D. Students with differing abilities work together in a group so students can assist each other.

C. Students in a single class are divided into groups based on ability for one subject each day.

Tiny gaps between neurons where connections between neurons are made are: A. Density B. Myelination C. Synapses D. Lateralization

C. Synapses

Kiley is having trouble learning the steps involved in using a microscope correctly. If we consider Vygotsky's description of how children help themselves through difficult tasks, we should suggest that Kiley: A. Practice each step separately many times over B. Go through the procedure in slow motion a few times C. Talk herself through the steps D. Learn the reasons why each step is important

C. Talk herself through the steps

What is the independent variable? A. The factor measured in an experiment. B. The group whose experience is manipulated. C. The manipulated, influential, experimental factor. D. The comparison group.

C. The manipulated, influential, experimental factor.

Which of the following best describes the goal of correlational research? A. To obtain an in-depth look at one individual or class B. To explain why certain conditions influence the characteristics of students C. To describe the strength of the relation between two or more characteristics D. To compare two groups of individuals under a variety of experimental conditions

C. To describe the strength of the relation between two or more characteristics

Fourteen-year old Kyle thinks he is invincible and he is behaving very carelessly. He does not think that his parents could understand him because they cannot possibly know what he is going through. According to Piaget, what is Kyle experiencing? A. Classification B. Schemas C. Transitivity D. Adolescent egocentricism

C. Transitivity

An interrelated, coherent set of ideas used to explain and make predictions is ____________. A. a hypothesis B. scientific research C. a theory D. the scientific method

C. a theory

All of the following are recommended strategies for developing students' team-building skills except which one? A. Develop team-building skills with two to six students per group, not the entire class. B. Work with students to become better listeners. C. Discuss the value of having a group leader. D. Begin the school year with a difficult cooperative task.

D. Begin the school year with a difficult cooperative task.

Which of the following activities provides the greatest opportunity for children to construct knowledge by social interaction? A. Writing a poem to express a social concern B. Reading a story about a famous politician C. Drawing a picture of a friend or family member D. Brainstorming ideas for a skit

D. Brainstorming ideas for a skit

Marcy is given her choice of two Hershey bars, one of which has been broken into four pieces, and one that is intact; Marcy chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. According to Piaget, Marcy is having problems with what concept? A. Transductive reasoning B. Multiple classification C. Egocentrism D. Conservation

D. Conservation

Mr. Gonzalez spends time reading about other cultures and ethnicities. He sets high expectations for his students and works to communicate effectively with families from all backgrounds. Which of the following best describes what Mr. Gonzalez demonstrates in his classroom? A. Cultural bias B. Subject matter competence C. Classroom management skills D. Cultural competence

D. Cultural competence

Heterogeneous grouping refers to: A. Grouping students on the basis of ability B. Grouping students by gender C.Grouping students by ethnic background D. Grouping students with diversity in ability, gender, and ethnic background.

D. Grouping students with diversity in ability, gender, and ethnic background.

Which of the following individuals developed a theory of moral development in which internalization plays a key role in the development process? A. John Dewey B. Urie Bronfenbrenner C. Erik Erikson D. Lawrence Kohlberg

D. Lawrence Kohlberg

An educational researcher is interested in identifying students' attitudes about using computers to complete writing assignments. Which of the following research methods is the researcher most likely to use? A. Case study B. Laboratory observation C. Standardized test D. Questionnaire

D. Questionnaire

Which of the following best describes a criticism of tracking? A. Slower students in each track 'hold back' the progress of the class. B. Better students in each track set the pace at which topics are covered. C. A small percentage of students in each track are destined to fail. D. Segregation frequently results when students are sorted into tracks

D. Segregation frequently results when students are sorted into tracks

Which of the following is an example of a socioemotional process that might be studied by an educational psychologist? A. The development of children's brains B. The changes in children's motor skills C. The changes in children's ability to solve math problems D. The influence of parental nurturing on children's tendency to be aggressive

D. The influence of parental nurturing on children's tendency to be aggressive

Which of the following provides the best example of how the exosystem, as described by Bronfenbrenner, influences education? A. Students interact directly with their teacher B. A parent and child meet with the child's teacher after school C. A student's grades plummet soon after his or her parents file for divorce. D. The local government approves increased funding for public school libraries.

D. The local government approves increased funding for public school libraries.

Mr. Castillo gives an assignment to his third grade class dealing with hypothetical situations. Most of the class does not do well on this assignment. When Mr. Castillo asks them what happened, most of them reply "I did not understand it." Mr. Castillo is frustrated because he thinks these children are lazy and unmotivated. According to Piaget's theory, what is happening? A. These children are probably underachievers, and lazy B. The teacher is expecting concrete operational thinking from preoperational kids C. The teacher is expecting formal operational thinking from formal operational kids D. The teacher is expecting formal operational thinking from concrete operational kids

D. The teacher is expecting formal operational thinking from concrete operational kids

Which of the following statements best describes characteristics of children raised by authoritarian parents? A. They get along well with their peers and have high self-esteem. B. They have poor self-control and do not handle independence well. C. They are extremely competitive and outgoing with their peers. D. They are anxious about social comparison, fail to initiate activity, and have poor communication skills.

D. They are anxious about social comparison, fail to initiate activity, and have poor communication skills.

Effective teachers tend to display all of the following traits except which one? A.They are knowledgeable about people from different cultural backgrounds. B. They guide students in thinking critically about ethnic issues. C. They encourage students to interact with other students in a variety of settings D. They discourage students from asking questions about political and social issues.

D. They discourage students from asking questions about political and social issues.

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that cognitive development ________. A. proceeds in four clearly definable stages B. proceeds by assimilation and accommodation C. is determined primarily by the child's age D. is mediated by language and social interaction

D. is mediated by language and social interaction

Kenny lives in the United States; his friend whom he chats with on the Internet lives in a society in which men and women have traditional gender roles. Kenny's friend was very surprised to hear that Kenny's mom goes to work and that his dad stays at home with the children. According to Bronfenbrenner, this example demonstrates the ___________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. mesosystem D. macrosystem

D. macrosystem

Miguel is good at remembering structured information, reading comprehension, and text interpretation. He also excels at problem solving and decision making. This is all due to Miguel's _____________learning style. A. deep B. surface C. impulsive D. reflective

D. reflective