EMT Chapter 30

You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with ______. a) Dyspnea b) Nausea c) Abdominal distention d) A hematoma in the flank region

A hematoma in the flank region

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respiration have become shallow. You should: a) Suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min b) Reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status c) Insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilation with a BVM d) Perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed.

Insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilation with a BVM

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? a) Liver b) Stomach c) Intestine d) Bladder

Liver

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as ____. a) Guarding b) Crepitus c) Instability d) Distention

a) Guarding

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: a) May decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart b) Results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full c) Is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort d) Often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression.

a) May decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you not an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 bpm, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: a) control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once b) visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressing c) allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport d) arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient.

a) control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _____. a) larger in proportion to the abdomen b) more protected by the thorax compared to adults c) smaller in proportion to the abdomen d) less likely to bleed when injured

a) larger in proportion to the abdomen

Injuries to the external male genitalia ______. a) Are often life-threatening b) Are rarely life-threatening c) Usually result in permanent damage d) Frequently lead to hypovolemic shock

b) Are rarely life-threatening

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT: a) stomach b) spleen c) ureters d) bladder

b) spleen

Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following? a) Stabbing b) Ejection of unrestrained driver c) Improperly placed lap belt d) Hollow-organ rupture

c) Improperly placed lap belt

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______. a) Hypovolemia b) Evisceration c) Infection d) Hemorrhage

c) Infection

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient? a) Only when ordered by medical direction b) Always during the secondary assessment c) Only when there is a compliant of severe pain or other injury d) Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport

c) Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or injury

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should ____. a) Describe the status of the suspect(s) b) Be subjective and summarize the crime c) Be objective and factual d) Include your opinion of the nature of the incident

c) be objective and factual

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured..... a) Spleen b) Aorta c) Diaphragm d) Stomach

c) diaphragm

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for the patient includes: a) Requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication b) Covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings c) Administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask d) Applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

d) Applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: a) Begin documenting the call on the patient care form b) Forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition c) Perform a comprehensive secondary assessment d) Closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

d) Closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys? a) The kidneys are not well protected b) Only minimal force is needed to damage the kidneys c) Kidney injuries are rarely caused by blunt trauma d) Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs

d) Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: a) it commonly protrudes through the injury site b) it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock c) the abdomen will become instantly distended d) Peritonitis may not develop for several hours

d) Peritonitis may not develop for several hours

Because of the depth of an open abdominal would is often difficult to determine: a) The EMT must perform a thorough exam b) Vital signs should be monitored frequently. c) The abdomen must be vigorously palpated d) prompt transport to the hospital is essential

d) Prompt transport to the hospital is essential

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? a) Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration b) most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant. c) The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. d) The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist

d) The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist