EMT Test 2 - Chs. 7, 9, 12

List at least four of the activities that a 2-month-old infant should be able to do.

- Track objects with their eyes - Focus on objects 8 to 12 inches away - Recognize familiar faces - Display primary emotions and facial expressions - Hear and recognize some familiar sounds and voices - Move in response to stimuli.

List the 8 major arteries in the Circulatory System

1. carotid 2. pulmonary 3. aorta 4. brachial 5. radial 6. femoral 7. posterior tibial 8. dorsal pedis

List the 3 major veins in the Circulatory System

1. pulmonary 2. superior vena cava 3. inferior vena cava

The term "toddler" refers to a child who is between ___ and ___ months of age.

12, 36

At what age are males mostly finished growing?

18

At 1 year of age the normal respiratory rate is

20 to 30 breaths per minute

Early adulthood is defined as what age range?

20 to 40

An infant's head accounts for ____ percent of his total body weight.

25

The Fowler's position is usually achieved by elevating the patient's upper body to a ____ angle.

45° to 60°

School-age children are those who are between _____ and ____ years of age.

6, 12

At what age is a person said to start late adulthood?

61

The normal heart rate range for a child 3 to 5 years of age is

80 - 120

The normal systolic blood pressure for a child between 6 and 12 years of age is

80 - 120

The leading cause of death for patients in early adulthood is

Accidents

The structure of the body is referred to as its

Anatomy

The major artery leading from the heart is the

Aorta

The blood vessels where gases, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged between the body's cells and the bloodstream are the

Capillaries

The spinal region that is most prone to injury is the

Cervical

The clavicle is commonly referred to as the

Collarbone

The pulse that is located in the foot is the

Dorsalis pedis

A pulse can be felt at the point where a vein passes over a bone near the skin surface.

False

Anatomically speaking, the elbow is distal to the hand.

False

Anatomy refers to the body's structures and functions.

False

In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, the 120 refers to the diastolic pressure while the 80 refers to the systolic pressure.

False

The cardiac conduction system delivers waste gases to the lungs where they can be expelled from the body.

False

The cricoid cartilage forms the lower portion of the trachea.

False

The directions "left" and "right" always refer to the EMT's left and right.

False

The epidermis contains the hair follicles and sweat glands.

False

The femoral artery is the main source of blood supply to the upper arm.

False

The first 12 vertebrae form the sacral spine.

False

The imaginary midline divides the body into upper and lower halves.

False

The thyroid gland makes insulin for the metabolism of calcium.

False

The ulna is the inner and larger bone of the lower leg.

False

There is one midclavicular line centered between the two clavicles.

False

At 2 months of age the child will do all the following except

Grasp and shake hand toys

_______ and ______ are two names for the condition that results when adequate supplies of oxygen are not delivered to and waste products are not removed from all the body's tissues.

Hypoperfusion, shock

The chamber that pumps oxygen-rich blood out of the heart for distribution to the rest of the body is the

Left ventricle

The term that refers to a position closer to the midline is

Medial

In what developmental phase of life do cardiac problems become a concern?

Middle adulthood

An imaginary line down the center of the body that passes between the eyes and extends down through the navel is the

Midline.

Infancy refers to a child who is

Newborn to 1 year of age

The functions of the body are called its

Physiology

An opposite of anterior is

Posterior

The lateral recumbent position is also known as the _____ position.

Recovery

The scapula and acromion are parts of the

Shoulder

The normal anatomical position is best described as a person

Standing, facing forward, palms forward.

The body contains how many different types of muscle?

Three

Inferiorly, the knee connects with the

Tibia and fibula

The structure that carries air downward from the larynx to the lungs is the

Trachea

When a patient is lying on his back with legs elevated higher than the head and body on an inclined plane, he is in the ______ position.

Trendelenburg

In the Fowler's position, a patient is lying with the upper body elevated.

True

Passive immunity is retained through the first 6 months of life.

True

Rapid respirations in an infant can lead to heat loss.

True

The heart muscle receives its blood supply through the coronary artery system.

True

The left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta.

True

The primary function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the body cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

True

The skin plays an important part in regulating the body's temperature.

True

The term "lateral" refers to a position farther away from the midline.

True

The elements of the blood that are part of the body's immune system and help to defend against infection are

White blood cells

Toddlers and school-age children begin to develop _____ immunity.

active

During respiration, gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place in the small sacs called _______.

alveoli

A(n) _______ is the kind of flat surface that would be formed if you sliced straight through an imaginary human body.

anatomical plane

The upper chambers of the heart are the _______ while the lower chambers are the ______.

atria, ventricles

The property that allows the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own is ________.

automaticity

Body functions such as digestion, heart rate, and the activities of involuntary muscles are controlled by the nervous system.

autonomic

In late adulthood, the ______ within the cardiovascular system thicken.

blood vessels

By preschool age the child's _____ has reached 90 percent of its adult weight.

brain

The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves located outside of the _____ and ______, _________ ________.

brain, spinal cord

The top, back, and sides of the skull plus the forehead make up the ______.

cranium

During middle adulthood, cardiac output ______.

decreases

The skin layer rich with blood vessels, nerves, and specialized structures such as sweat glands and sebaceous glands is the

dermis.

Because the chest walls of infants and children are softer, they rely more on the ______ for breathing.

diaphragm

When the left ventricle of the heart is relaxing and refilling, the pressure remaining in the arteries is the __________ blood pressure.

diastolic

The elbow is ____ to the shoulder because the elbow is farther away from the torso than the shoulder.

distal

The ____________ produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions.

endocrine system

The layers of the skin are the ______, the _______, and the _______.

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layers

The section of the respiratory cycle in which the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax is known as ______.

exhalation

While assessing the skull of an infant, the posterior ____ will fuse at ____ ____ of age.

fontanelle, 3 months

The elbow is an example of a(n) _____ joint.

hinge

The ____ consists of the acetabulum and the ball at the head of the femur.

hip joint

The endocrine system produces chemicals called

hormones

Patients in early adulthood will experience the highest levels of _____ stress.

job

Bones are connected to bones by ______, while muscles are connected to bones by _____.

ligaments, tendons

Normally, women in their late 40s and 50s will go through _______.

menopause

The _____ line is one that is drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle.

midaxillary

Depression and suicide are _____ common among adolescents than any other age group.

more

List three anatomical parts of the respiratory system that will change during late adulthood.

mouth, nose, lungs, chest wall, bone structure, diaphragm.

Use of the _______ position ensures that health care providers will employ the same point of reference when terms of direction and location are used.

normal anatomical

Until 4 weeks of life, infants primarily breathe through their _____.

nose

Most adolescents would prefer if their parents were _______ during the patient interview.

not present

The adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues of the body, with the removal of waste products, is called

perfusion

The elements of the blood that are essential to the formation of blood clots are ___________.

platelets

Girls usually begin ______ around age 10.

puberty

The ___________ carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

pulmonary veins

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the

spinal cord

Anatomically speaking, the nose is _____ to the mouth

superior

The pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is referred to as

systolic

The ______ is composed of the ribs, the sternum, and a portion of the spine.

thorax

The respiratory anatomy of infants and children differs from that of adults in that the ________ is narrower, softer, and more flexible.

trachea

The spinal column is made up of blocks of bone called _______.

vertebrae