Endospores
Bacillus anthracis
endospores can be inhaled, ingested, or enter wounds
C. botulinum endospores
enter anaerobic environment of improperly canned food where they germinate and replicate
C. diff endospores are found where
in soil and arrive into the colon when ingested (anaerobic environment)
C. Tetani endospores are found where?
in soil, dust, animal waste *enter anaerobic wounds and germinate
Germination
protective layers of endospore are broken down allowing a vegetative bacterium to form and emerge ***metabolic activity begins if conditions are right
sporulation steps
*KNOW THESE*
Parts of an Endospore
- exosporium -spore coat -cortex -germ cell wall
Sporulation
- process of spore formation - under starvation conditions, endospores form in some cells
endospore activation
- triggered by sublethal temperature - causes changes in structure and function of endospore coat and exposes active enzyme sites
Fried Rice Syndrome causes ____-_____ % of foodborne illnesses
2 to 5
What genera of bacteria produce endospores?
Bacillus and Clostridium
Fried Rice Syndrome
Bacillus cereus - endospores found in soil and on cultivated food - spores survive cooking process and germinate in food releasing enterotoxins
Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by
Clostridium difficile
Endospores are primarily found in ______ ______ bacteria
Gram positive
What is an endospore?
a dormant, tough, and temporarily non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria.
Anthrax is caused by
bacillus anthraces
What kills C. diff spores?
bleach
Botulism is caused by
clostridium botulinum
Gas gangrene is caused by
clostridium perfringens - typically in soil and human GI tract - enters anaerobic wounds and germinate
What causes Tetanus?
clostridium tetani