Endospores

Bacillus anthracis

endospores can be inhaled, ingested, or enter wounds

C. botulinum endospores

enter anaerobic environment of improperly canned food where they germinate and replicate

C. diff endospores are found where

in soil and arrive into the colon when ingested (anaerobic environment)

C. Tetani endospores are found where?

in soil, dust, animal waste *enter anaerobic wounds and germinate

Germination

protective layers of endospore are broken down allowing a vegetative bacterium to form and emerge ***metabolic activity begins if conditions are right

sporulation steps

*KNOW THESE*

Parts of an Endospore

- exosporium -spore coat -cortex -germ cell wall

Sporulation

- process of spore formation - under starvation conditions, endospores form in some cells

endospore activation

- triggered by sublethal temperature - causes changes in structure and function of endospore coat and exposes active enzyme sites

Fried Rice Syndrome causes ____-_____ % of foodborne illnesses

2 to 5

What genera of bacteria produce endospores?

Bacillus and Clostridium

Fried Rice Syndrome

Bacillus cereus - endospores found in soil and on cultivated food - spores survive cooking process and germinate in food releasing enterotoxins

Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by

Clostridium difficile

Endospores are primarily found in ______ ______ bacteria

Gram positive

What is an endospore?

a dormant, tough, and temporarily non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria.

Anthrax is caused by

bacillus anthraces

What kills C. diff spores?

bleach

Botulism is caused by

clostridium botulinum

Gas gangrene is caused by

clostridium perfringens - typically in soil and human GI tract - enters anaerobic wounds and germinate

What causes Tetanus?

clostridium tetani