Quiz 6: Learning and Conditioning

The vast majority of studies on media violence and aggressive behavior:

are correlational.

Classical conditioning involves _____, while operant conditioning involves _____.

behavior elicited by a stimulus; behavior emitted by an organism

The famous Bobo doll study demonstrated that:

children are less likely to imitate someone who has been punished for his or her actions than they are to imitate the actions of someone who has been rewarded.

Steven Spielberg's classic movie Jaws is a thriller about a great white shark that terrorizes tourists at a local beach. Just before the shark's appearance, eerie music begins playing. As the unseen shark comes closer, the tempo of the music picks up. After the audience experiences this a few times, the sound of the music triggers the emotional reaction of fear in the audience even though the shark still has not appeared. At that point, the sound of the eerie music is a(n):

conditioned stimulus (CS).

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:

defined by the effect that it produces—increasing or strengthening behavior.

If exposure to inescapable and uncontrollable aversive events produces passive behavior, the response of passivity is termed:

learned helplessness.

Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of:

learning an association between two stimuli.

In psychology, the term conditioning refers to:

the process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses.

Elected president of the American Psychological Association in 1996, _____ launched a new movement called positive psychology, which emphasized research on human strengths rather than human problems.

Martin Seligman

Which of the following statements about B. F. Skinner is TRUE?

Skinner believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.

Psychologists formally define learning as:

a process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience.

A Skinner box, or operant chamber, is a(n):

experimental apparatus used to study the relationship between active behaviors and their consequences.

In classical conditioning, if the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, what will occur?

extinction

Prior to conditioning, a dog does not salivate to the sound of a ringing bell. At this point, the ringing bell is a(n):

neutral stimulus.