hw 13 lymphatic/immune 2 for exam 3

adaptive immunity is the result of the actions of

T and B cells

cytotoxic T cells attack target cells by doing what

activating genes that trigger apoptosis

the process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called

agglutination

what is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to

an antigenic determinant

an allergen circulating in the bloodstream affects mast cells throughout the body, dropping blood pressure to dangerously low levels. This response is termed

anaphylactic shock

which type of immunity develops when a child is given the polio vaccine

artificially acquired active immunity

which type of specific defense is conferred by the administration of antibodies to combat infection

artificially acquired passive immunity

which cells are involved in inflammation

basophils and mast cells

if a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)

where are class I MHC proteins and class II MHC proteins found

class I MHC proteins are found on all nucleated body cells and class II MHC proteins are found on antigen-presenting cells and B cells.

explain the function of cytokines secreted by helper T cells

cytokines secreted by helper T cells stimulate the cell-mediated adaptive immunity and antibody-mediated adaptive immunity.

cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells

cytotoxic T cells

lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are _____ cells

cytotoxic T cells

describe hypersensitivities

hypersensitivities are excessive immune responses to an allergen, which is an antigen that triggers an allergic reaction

which of the following is NOT a possible result of antigen presentation a. T-cell activation b. infection of body cells by antigens c. antibody production d. destruction of pathogens

infection of body cells by antigens

immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called _____ immunity

innate

tears and mucous membranes would be a part of which defense system

innate external defenses

phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. they would be classified as which type of defense system

innate internal defenses

characteristics of specific defenses include all of the following except

intrinsic

all of the following are true of the primary response to antigen exposure except that a. it peaks 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure b. it depends on antigen triggering the appropriate B cell c. it requires B cell differentiation into plasma cells d. circulating antibodies undergo a gradual, sustained rise e. it is delayed by the memory cell stage

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

antigen-presenting cells are differentiated from other body cells by the presence of class II MHC proteins in their plasma membranes. which of the following correctly describes a difference between class I and class II MHC

macrophages use class II MHC to display antigens they have phagocytized.

_____ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time

memory

what is the type of immunity one acquires through contracting a disease such as chicken pox from another infected person

naturally acquired active immunity

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

naturally acquired passive

antibodies may bind to superficial sites on bacteria or other toxins, making the toxins incapable of attaching itself to a cell. the mechanism is known as

neutralization

which mechanism results in a coating of antibodies and complement proteins that increases the effectiveness of phagocytes

opsonization

choose the correct statement pertaining to allergies

sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large quantities of IgE.

antigen presentation is ______

the presence of antigens or antigenic fragments on plasma membranes

____ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen

tolerance

immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

IgG

helper T cells do all of the following except

destroy target cells using perforins

what type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient

humoral immunity

which chemicals do mast cells and basophils release when stimulated in an allergic reaction

histamines, leukotrienes, and other chemicals that cause inflammation

what cells make antibodies

plasma B cells

all of the following are true of the secondary response to antigen exposure except that it a. produces more IgG antibodies b. results in much higher antibody titers than in the primary response c. depends on memory B cell d. weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two e. results in much quicker rise in antibody titers

weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.