English 12B Unit 10
Adjective Clause
A dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective clause. Adjective clauses are introduced by words called relatives. Who,whom,which, and that are relative pronouns.
Diction
A writer's typical choice of words (formal/informal, scholarly/folky)
Anarchy
Absence of gov, disorder
Profuse
Abundant
Allegory
All parts of story are symbolic
A clause
Another word for a group of words containing one subject and one verb.
Philosophical assumptions
Assumptions about human nature and our relationships to eachother
Furtive
Attempting to avoid attention, secretive
Symmetry
Beautiful form, well balanced
A subordinate clause
Begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and will contain both a subject and a verb. It cannot stand alone in a sentence because it is an incomplete thought and must have that independent clause by its side to function properly a clause that starts with a subordinate conjunction (after, although, because, before) or a relative pronoun (that, who, whoever) and has a subject and a verb. The subordinate clause by itself does not form a complete sentence. Example: After Greg ran the race • Explanation: "After" is the subordinate conjunction, "Greg" is the subject, and "ran" is the verb. Example: Although Dad killed the spider • Explanation: "Although" is the subordinate conjunction, "Dad" is the subject, and "killed" is the verb.
Allusion
Brief and indirect reference to a person/place/thing/idea of historical/cultural/literary significance
Pastoral
Celebrates nature
Epiphany
Character's sudden insight, forms climax
Gleaned
Collected bit by bit
Orthodox
Conforming to established beliefs
Romantic philosophy
Connecting outside mind w inside
Reverence
Deep respect
Fastidious
Difficult to please
Skeptical
Doubtful
Victorian literary forms
Dramatic monologue, novel, note of melancholy
Brink
Edge
Elements of plot
Exposition (introduces situation), inciting incident (introduces conflict), rising action, climax , falling action, resolution
Connotations
Feelings/ideas associated w words
Teeming
Filled to overflowing
Stream of consciousness
Flowing thoughts in a character's mind
Tortuous
Full of twists or curves
Avarice
Greed
Refractory
Hard to manage, stubborn
Aspire
Have high ambitions
Types of sonnets
Italian/Petrarchan (2 parts, 8+6), Shakespearean (dramatic, abab cdcd), and Spenserian (abab bcbc)
Munificence
Lavish generosity
Modernism
Literary movement where writers reject all old forms of writing
Theater of the Absurd
Literary movement; life has no inherent meaning and human actions have essentially no purpose
Irony
Literary technique involving surprising/interesting/amusing contradictions
Obscure
Make difficult to see
Stagnant
Motionless
Uncanny
Mysterious, hard to explain
Omniscient point of view
Narrator is all knowing
Limited third person
Narrator only knows a few characters' thoughts
Tumult
Noise caused by a crowd
Lyric poetry
Ode, elegy, or sonnet. Expresses personal thoughts/feelings of speaker
Indignant
Outraged
Stanza structure
Pattern of stanzas
Intrigues
Plots or schemes
Narrative poetry
Poetry featuring storytelling elements
Paltry
Practically worthless
Supplication
Prayer or plead
Alliteration
Repetition of beginning consonant sounds
Consonance
Repetition of final consonant sounds
Assonance
Repetition of similar vowel sounds
Topographical
Representing surface features of a region
Historical investigation
Research on an event/figure/topic relating to the historical context of a work of literature
Enigma
Riddle, puzzling situation
Incessant
Seeming as if it will never stop; endless
Keenly
Sharply
Appalled
Shocked, filled w horror
Personal essay
Short nonfiction prose piece offering the writer's observations on a particular subject
Argumentative essay
Short nonfiction prose piece that argues a particular position
Romanticism
Simple direct language, expressing intense feelings, deep self awareness
Dramatic monologue
Single character delivers speech w silent listener
Dregs
Solid remnants at the bottom of liquid
Cultural conflict
Struggles between diff economic, historical, and social attitudes/beliefs
Story within a story
Tale told by a character within a narrative
Garrulous
Talkative
Diffusive
Tending to spread out
Rhetorical devices
Used to provoke certain perspective to readers
Indolent
Wanting to avoid activity, lazy
Passive Voice Examples
When you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. "Have" or "be" 1) My books were stolen by someone yesterday 2) Coffee is raised in many parts of Hawaii. 3) The streets were blocked by the police. 4) My car is being fixed by a knowledgeable mechanic.
Upbraidings
Words of disapproval; scoldings
Onomatopoeia
Words with sounds that imitate their meaning (buzz)
Social commentary
Writing/speech offering insight into society
Monochromatic
containing or using only one color. this color scheme involves the use of only one hue, and possibly the tints, tones or shades of that hue
Pronoun Antecedent Agreement
their, his her, they, its
