Enlightenment People 2

What did Mary Wollstonecraft write?

"A Vindication of the Rights of Women"

What did Montesquieu propose?

"Separation of powers" between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Proposed "checks and balances"

What did Jean- Jacques Rousseau write?

"The Social Contract"

Scottish philosopher who is one of the founders of economies. Believed in laissez-faire. The state should leave the economy alone.

Adam Smith

"As all persons are held innocent until they have been declared guilty, if arrest is considered essential, all harshness not necessary for the securing of the person shall be severely repressed by law."

Beccaria

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district where in the crime shall have been committed."

Beccaria

French writer who helped spread the ideas of the enlightenment with his 28 volume, Encyclopedia

Denis Diderot

Passionately committed to individual freedom. Believed man was born free and good but easily corrupted. Believed the only good government was the "general will" or direct democracy.

Jean- Jacques Rousseau

"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the govern... whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive go these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new Government."

Locke

"No person shall.... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law."

Locke

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Locke

Believed women should be equally educated along with men. Women should enter professions traditionally dominant by men like medicine and politics.

Mary Wollstonecraft

"All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. The judicial power of the United States of America shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."

Montesquieu

"Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approves he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall.... proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of the House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent... to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law."

Montesquieu

Believed Britain was the best-governed and most politically balanced country of his own day

Montesquieu

"People are driven by a restless desire for power. Without laws or other social controls, people would always be in conflict. In such a state of nature, life would be nasty, brutish and short."

Thomas Hobbes

What did Voltaire believe in?

Tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, speech

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging [limiting] the freedom of speech or of the press."

Voltaire

"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

Voltaire

"The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the right of man. Every citizen may thus speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law."

Voltaire

wrote more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and dance

Voltaire