environment quiz 1

D. Control of household risks and creation of a new set of problems E. Increases in acute respiratory diseases

.Environmental risk transition is most likely to be characterized by: A. Increasing levels of poor food, air, and water quality B. Increasing frequency of diarrhea caused by unsafe water C. Air pollution from poor-quality indoor fuels D Control of household risks and creation of a new set of problems

. True

A relative risk of greater than 1 means that there is an association between exposure and health outcome. . True B. False

True

By answering this question, you acknowledge that you have neither given nor received help with this open-book quiz (other than using your own efforts, notes, and lecture materials as resources), and that you abide by the Temple University's academic honesty code of standards. True False

B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans (or animals)?

Dose-response assessment refers to the question of: A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans (or animals)? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.

C. 9/87 × 100

During April, 2009, a Texas community reported 87 cases of H1N1-associated influenza. Ultimately, 9 fatal cases of H1N1 occurred during this same month. There were 4 other fatalities. The CFR associated with H1N1 during April was: A. 13/97 × 100 B. 4/9 × 100 C. 9/87 × 100 D. 13/87 × 100 E. 4/87 × 100

E. All of the above

Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by: A. Physical factors B. Chemical factors C. Biological factors D. Social factors E. All of the above

False

Environmental health mainly studies health impacts of man-made and/or natural pollutants on the environment. True False

E. All of the above is true

Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease (the epidemiologic triangle). What statement below is true about the triangle? A. Agent factors can include particles, toxic chemicals, and pesticides B. The environment is the domain in which disease-causing agents may exist. C. The host is the person who affords lodgment of an infectious agent. D. Disease causality includes three major factors: agent, host, and environment. E. All of the above is true

C What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions?

Exposure assessment refers to the question of: . A.What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans? C What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D.What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.

A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause?

In Risk assessment process, hazard identification refers to the question of: A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.

False

In human population growth dynamics, a longer doubling time corresponds to a higher population growth rate? True False

B.Less-developed country has a high proportion of its population under the age of 15.

In what way does the population profile of a typical less-developed country differ sharply from that of a highly industrialized nation? A. Industrialized country has many more women than men. B.Less-developed country has a high proportion of its population under the age of 15. C. Industrialized country has nearly half its population over the age of 60. D. Males far outnumber females in developing countries. E.Less-developed nations have approximately equal percentages of people in each age

E. All of the above

The concentration and toxicity of a chemical in the body of effected by: A. Route of entry into the body B. Received dose of the chemical C. Duration of exposure D. Individual sensitivity E. All of the above

E. All of the above

The contributions of epidemiology to environmental health include: A. Concern with populations B. Methodology for study designs C. Use of observational data D. Descriptive and analytic studies E. All of the above

E. All of the above

The effects of rapid growth of the world's population include: A. Urbanization B. Overtaxing carrying capacity C. Food insecurity D. Loss of biodiversity E. All of the above

B. Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases

The epidemiologic risk transition is characterized by a: A. Population comprised of predominantly young individuals B. Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases C. Rapid increase in population D. High mortality rates E. None of the above

E. All of the above

The limitations of environmental epidemiology include the fact that: A. Accurate assessment of exposure is difficult. B. Environmentally associated diseases often have low incidence and prevalence. C. Long latency periods often occur between initial exposures and disease outcomes. D. The effects of exposures are often non-specific E. All of the above

B. Population, pollution and poverty

What are the three P's known as principal determinants of health worldwide? A. People, pollution and petroleum B. Population, pollution and poverty C. People, practice and predicament D. Principle, population and primary care

E. LD50

Which of the following abbreviations is used to describe toxic effects of chemicals? A. VOCs B. TLV C. TFR D. AQI E. LD50

A. Numbers increase slowly at first, then accelerate rapidly, and gradually level off and stabilize.

Which of the following best describes the growth of a population exhibiting the S-curve type of growth? A. Numbers increase slowly at first, then accelerate rapidly, and gradually level off and stabilize. B. Numbers increase at a steady rate until the upper asymptote is reached, at which time numbers stabilize. C. Growth is initially very rapid, then gradually slows down, and finally crashes to a very low level. D. Growth begins slowly, then accelerates to very large numbers, suddenly halts and then falls rapidly. E. Numbers increase slowly but steadily, reach an upper plateau where they remain stable for some time, and then gradually decline.

B. Studies of disease occurrence in populations according to person variables.

Which of the following is not likely to characterize the approach of toxicology: A. Laboratory studies of the role of xenobiotics in carcinogenesis in mice B. Studies of disease occurrence in populations according to person variables. C. In vitro studies D. In vivo studies