Ethiopia

Live Aid response Ethiopian famine concert

*1/3 worlds pop watched Live Aid concert.* *£20,000 rolling in/hour.* Kuwait sheikh called, donating £1m. Madonna, David Bowie, Queen, Rolling Stones. run by Bob Geldof of Boomtown Rats fame.

3 (lack of) distribution causes of Ethiopian famine

1) *many roads blocked by military while others unsafe for vehicles.* 2) *blow up largest arms centre in Africa, military offensives, aerial bombardment of markets, destruction of cattle & grain stores, crop burning, tight migrant & trader control 3) *EU best harvest in years: GBR beat previous harvest by 4m tonnes* w/ huge stockpiles of surplus grain BUT legal restrictions regarding ownership prevented redistribution.

3 Ethiopian impacts

1) DEATHS *1m plus millions more destitute* (complete poverty). 2) DISPLACEMENT/GM hundreds of thousands in Ethiopia. 3) ORPHANS

causes of the Ethiopian famine

1) SOUTH FAMINE: rain failure. 2) NORTH FAMINE: GM's carelessness. 3) GM DIVERTING aid & budget. 4) DISTRIBUTION

when was the Ethiopian famine

1984

2 short term consequences of Ethiopian famine

DEATHS: 1m. DISPLACEMENT: 85-86: 600,000 forcibly moved & 40,000 prisoners of war

GM diversion cause of Ethiopian famine

Derg regime diverting 1/2 national budget ---> war w/ Tigrayan rebels.* also diverting *aid ---> troops.*

The Derg

Government in charge that is responsible for killing thousands of people as well as creating a famine by giving the aid food to troops

relief efforts Ethiopian famine

INTERNATIONAL AID slow. LIVE AID Concert

name of Ethiopian regime & name of leader

Marxist Derg regime. run by Mengistu.

rain failure cause of Ethiopian famine

POOR HARVEST: NO usual spring rains & crop disease in *Sidamo, Ethiopia's additional breadbasket region.* Ethiopians rely on rain* for food, income.

international aid response Ethiopian famine

Western GMs reluctant to become involved bc *Ethiopians Marxist Derg regime,* thinking they would bear financial brunt of food & drought aid while *Mengistu bought weapons to strengthen regime.*

Ethiopian death impact

estimated *1m plus millions more destitute.*

Ethiopian displacement/GM impact

hundreds of thousands in Ethiopia. *100,000 ---> Somalia.* *10,000 ---> Djibouti.* *300,000< ---> Sudan.*

Mengistu Haile Mariam

leader of the Derg in power in Ethiopia from 1977-1991 led the Red Terror many rebellions during his time including Eritrea's movement for independence

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front

seized power from Mengistu in 1991. Still the ruling political party today forced the Lost Boys out of Ethiopia Mengistu fled to Zimbabwe where he still lives, despite the Ethiopian courts finding him guilty of carrying out genocide

Red Terror

the Derg started to kill the 'suspected' enemies of the government. during which hundreds of thousands of people were killed systematically by the Derg.