EVR 1001 HW Chapter 6
Sylva emphasizes the dangers to economies and social welfare systems from declining fertility rates. In comparison to Sylva, what would Seager say about declining fertility?
Declining fertility would provide many social benefits, such as less crowded schools and roads.
Why do we study demography?
Demography investigates the relationship between population ecology and population changes.
Which term describes the amount of cumulative land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of the waste that is produced?
Ecological footprint
Why aren't more couples using birth control in Zambia? Birth control in Zambia __________.
requires travel that many families cannot afford.
Predict which of the following United Nations funding proposals both Sylva and Seager might support.
A development plan to build schools for girls in a poverty-stricken country
Douglas Sylva gives four reasons why government population control is bad policy. Which of the following statements represents one of his reasons?
Government influence over family size is prone to abuse.
Although Sylva and Seager seem to agree that couples should be able to make their own family planning decisions, they would disagree about which of the following statements?
Governments should provide resources and education for family planning.
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of very high fertility rates?
all of the above are consequences
What does the green graph line represent?
total number of individuals in a population
What factor would contribute to a sharp decline in death rate, such as the one shown in Stage 2?
improved sanitation
What correlation exists between population density and fertility rates in India?
No correlation exists between the two.
In which stage or stages is the size of the population relatively stable?
Stages 1 and 4
When birth rates decline, what happens to a given population?
The average age of the population grows older.
If the UN has its way, which of the following will happen first in the Niger Delta?
The drinking water will be made safe to drink.
What could be a roadblock to the success of the new two-child policy?
The increased cost of living could deter some couples.
What causes a decline in fertility rates?
an increase in family planning and birth control
Zero population growth occurs in a population when ________.
birth rate equals death rate and there is no migration
The most accurate terms describing the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ________.
increasing and unsustainable
Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to increase in size will have what shape?
pyramid
Ignoring migration, the age structure diagram of a human population likely to maintain a relatively stable size will have what shape?
rectangle towards to top
John Seager describes several benefits of smaller families, including ____________.
reduced carbon emissions
What is the relationship between family income and family size? In general, as family income levels __________.
rise, families have fewer children
Which stage in the graph shows the greatest overall decline in death rate?
stage 2
In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________.
stage 2, the transitional stage
What does the left y-axis of the graph represent?
birth rate or death rate
What percentage of households in 2000 had 3 or fewer people?
74.9%
The global human population recently surpassed 7 billion people, and its annual growth is approximately _____ at the present.
1%
During which of the following periods did the world's population more than double?
1950-2000
A population that is not growing will have a TFR of ________.
2.1 or lower
There are approximately ________ people on Earth.
7.4 billion
Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact?
A for affluence
Environmental factors set limits on the growth of populations. What is this limit referred to?
Carrying capacity
Which region has the highest percentage of its population under age 15?
Africa
There is no data on fertility for some areas of this region. For which of the following IS data available?
Gujarat province
Which was Thomas Malthus's argument?
He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then the population would come under check because of war, disease, and starvation.
What was the overall trend in household size from 1970 to 2000?
Household size decreased.
If current trends continue, with parents in the U.S. choosing to have fewer children on average (for example, 1 or 2 children versus 3 or more), how will future household sizes be affected?
Households of 3 and 4 people will increase and households with more than 5 people will decrease.
Which of the following statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true?
Human beings are not unlike other animals concerning carrying capacity, but we utilize technology to artificially raise the carrying capacity increasingly higher.
What is the sex ratio in China because of the one-child policy?
It is skewed toward more males, causing a slowing in population growth.
Why does Africa have the highest total fertility rate but a lower population density than parts of southern and eastern Asia?
People in Africa are spread out over a greater area.
Why did China institute the one-child policy in 1970?
Resources were becoming strained, and pollution was increasing.
What is the primary reason that China changed its one-child policy to a two-child policy?
Shrinking workforce
In 1900, there were approximately 1.75 billion humans on Earth; in 1950, there were approximately 2.3 billion; in the year 2025, approximately 8 billion people will inhabit the biosphere. In the period between 1900 and 2025, what has happened to the human population?
The intervals between population doublings are decreasing.
Which of the following can be inferred from the age structure shown?
The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada.
Which of these statements about the growth of the human population is true?
The rate at which the population has been growing has slowed in the past 50 years, but the human population is still getting larger.
What does a high percentage of population under age 15 tell us about a region's potential for population growth?
The region's population will likely increase.
How do women cause a reduction in the total fertility rate?
Through empowerment, personal choice, and education
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph? In the future the birth rate and death rate will be balanced, so the total population will remain relatively constant.
cant be determined by this graph
In a country where there are increasingly more households, ________.
consumption should increase
In comparison to 1970, the overall percentage of households with 4 or more people in 2000______.
decreased by approximately 10%
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus two centuries ago, to present day neo-Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify and monitor population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Despite long-lasting, rapid global population growth that is only recently starting to show signs of slowing, we have thus far been able to avoid global catastrophe. Can we continue to avoid disaster? Aside from contraception, human society and government policy can ________ to control population growth's negative effects on the environment.
discourage population movement into sensitive environmental areas
To limit the growth of the Zambian population, humanitarian aid agencies and organizations such as UNICEF are focusing on __________.
educating and empowering women
The highest fertility rates occur mostly in which climate?
humid subtropical
Which climate contains the highest population density?
humid subtropical
Which of the following is a young man in Ogoniland most likely to be involved with?
illegal oil refining
A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter ________.
j
According to the figure, Nigeria has a ________ population size than Canada, with a ________ median age and a ________ proportion of the population at postreproductive age.
larger; lower; smaller
The age structure diagram of Canada suggests that its total fertility rate (TFR) is ________.
less than the replacement rate
Fertility rates are highest in which of the following?
northern India
Which stage represents the fertility transition--a period of declining fertility rates related to economic and social change?
stage 3
Which of the following climates contains the LOWEST population density?
subarctic
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph? The population grows most rapidly when the birth rate is significantly greater than the death rate.
supported
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus two centuries ago, to present day neo-Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify and monitor population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Despite long-lasting, rapid global population growth that is only recently starting to show signs of slowing, we have thus far been able to avoid global catastrophe. Can we continue to avoid disaster? Despite dire predictions in the past, humans still inhabit Earth. A few economists would argue that this is because ________.
technological developments have alleviated some of the strain on Earth's resources
The term demographic transition refers to ________.
the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops
Declining population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to ________.
the education of women
The number of children in a family in Zambia has largely been determined by __________.
the father
Malthus was responsible for ________.
the idea that without social restrictions increasing human population would lead to famine and war
When do smaller numbers of people have larger ecological footprints?
when they are from affluent, wealthier nations
Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to decrease in size will have what shape?
inverted pyramid
The view held by both Malthus and Paul Ehrlich suggests that depletion of resource supplies due to greater numbers of people ________.
is a problem because most resources are limited and can be depleted