Exam 1 Quick Checks
Secretes whole cells A) Apocrine B) Holocrine C) Merocrine
B) Holocrine
Which of the following is concerning reading the intraocular pressure? A) 10 mm Hg B) 16 mm Hg C) 20 mm Hg D) 40 mm Hg
D) 40 mm Hg
Which of the following can help resolve Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC)? A) Changing contact lens material B) Changing contact lens solution C) Changing the contact lens wearing schedule D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following structures of the lacrimal drainage pathway is the last structure in which the excess tear fluid passes when draining from the eye? A) Punctum B) Canaliculus C) Nasolacrimal duct D) Lacrimal sac E) Inferior meatus of nose
E) Inferior meatus of nose
What is the most posterior layer of the eyelid? A) Tarsal plate B) Bulbar conjunctiva C) Cilia D) Orbicularis oculi muscle E) Palpebral conjunctiva
E) Palpebral conjunctiva
Secretes parts of the cytoplasm A) Apocrine B) Holocrine C) Merocrine
A) Apocrine
Which of the following provides the closed eye with oxygen? (Select all that apply) A) Palpebral conjunctiva capillaries B) Aqueous humor C) Atmosphere (air)
A) Palpebral conjunctiva capillaries and B) Aqueous humor
The irregularity in collagen fiber size and organization cause the sclera to be opaque A) True B) False
A) True
The posterior chamber is located behind the iris. A) True B) False
A) True
Which of the ciliary muscle fibers do not have their origin at the scleral spur? A) Longitudinal B) Circular C) Radial
B) Circular
Which of the following statements is true regrading the layers of the cornea? A) A corneal endothelium is the thickest layer of the cornea B) The cornea is bathed in tear film posteriorly and aqueous humor anteriorly C) The basal cells are the most anterior cells of the corneal epithelium D) Bowman's layer is posterior to the corneal epithelium and anterior to the corneal stroma
D) Bowman's layer is posterior to the corneal epithelium and anterior to the corneal stroma
Generally, how long does it take the corneal epithelium to replace itself? A) About 1 week B) About 1 month C) About 1 year D) About 1 day
A) About 1 week
Which layer makes up the majority of the entire tear film? A) Aqueous B) Lipid C) Mucin
A) Aqueous
Which of the following may result from plugged meibomian glands? (Choose 2 correct answers) A) Blepharitis B) Dry Eye C) Cataract D) Subconjunctival hemorrhage
A) Blepharitis and B) Dry Eye
What are two primary functions of the conjunctiva? A) Contributes to the composition of the tear film B) Hides the cornea C) Allows for smooth movement of eyelids over the eyeball D) Nourishes the retina
A) Contributes to the composition of the tear film and C) Allows for smooth movement of eyelids over the eyeball
Which of the following corneal changes with age is deposition of iron in epithelial basal cells? A) Hudson-Stahli line B) Corneal ulcer C) Fuch's dystrophy D) Limble girdle of Vogt E) Krukenburg's spindle
A) Hudson-Stahli line
In the XYZ hypothesis, Y corresponds to A) Movement from the stem cell location at the periphery to the center B) Cells lost to the tear film C) Proliferation of basal cells
A) Movement from the stem cell location at the periphery to the center
At an annual eye exam, dilation drops are used to stimulate ___ which aides the doctor in examining the ocular health of the patient's ___. A) Mydriasis, retina B) Mydriasis, cornea C) Miosis, cornea D) Miosis, retina
A) Mydriasis, retina
The purpose of the aqueous humor includes (Select all that apply) A) Nourishment of the lens B) Nourishment of the posterior cornea C) Removal of waste products, particularly from lens metabolism
A) Nourishment of the lens B) Nourishment of the posterior cornea and C) Removal of waste products, particularly from lens metabolism
What are the three primary functions of the sclera? A) Stabilizes the position of the structures within the globe B) Maintains shape of the globe C) Provides attachment sites for extra ocular muscle insertions D) Nourishes the retina
A) Stabilizes the position of the structures within the globe B) Maintains shape of the globe and C) Provides attachment mites for extra ocular muscle insertions
Which of the following is not true of the iris? A) The iris functions in producing the aqueous humor of the eye B) It separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber C) Defects in the pigmented epithelial layers of the iris can be seen in retroillumination during a slit lamp exam D) Older patients do not dilate as well due to changes in the muscles of the iris
A) The iris functions in producing the aqueous humor of the eye
Posterior epithelium A) This layer is continuous with the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body B) The sphincter muscle can be found within the pupillary zone of this layer C) This layer ends at the iris root and contains melanocytes which contribute to iris color D) This layer is continuous with pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body
A) This layer is continuous with the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body
Both the fornices and the plica semilunaris allow for full lateral movement of the eye without stretching conjunctival tissue A) True B)False
A) True
Either an iridotomy or an iridectomy is a treatment option for a patient with posterior synechiae causing a blockage in flow of the aqueous humor. A) True B) False
A) True
Episcleritis if often self limiting. A) True B) False
A) True
Meibomian glands secrete "meibom" which differs from sebum in that it has greater viscosity A) True B) False
A) True
Palisades of Vogt are where the limbal stem cells reside and are commonly found at the superior and inferior limbus. A) True B) False
A) True
Tears typically move from the temporal side to the nasal side of the eye A) True B) False
A) True
The cornea is sensitive (i.e. a corneal abrasion is very painful) because of the high number of sensory nerve endings it contains. A) True B) False
A) True
The endothelium differs from Descemet's membrane in that the endothelium is not capable of regeneration while Descemet's membrane is capable of regeneration. A) True B) False
A) True
The pigmented ciliary epithelium is continuous posteriorly with the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). A) True B) False
A) True
The route through the trabecular meshwork accounts for 90% of the outflow of aqueous humor. A) True B) False
A) True
Orthokeratology A) Utilizes overnight contact lens wear with a flattened central region to reversibly correct refractive error B) A progressive disease that primarily affects Bowman's layer and stroma resulting in protrusion of the affected corneal region C) This surgical procedure begins with a flap and then uses a laser to correct refractive error via changes to the corneal stroma D) This surgical procedure replaces the full thickness of the cornea
A) Utilizes overnight contact lens wear with a flattened central region to reversibly correct refractive error
Which of the following is true about the aging of the ciliary body? (Choose two) A) Volume of anterior chamber decreases B) Formation of aqueous decreases C) Amount of connective tissue increases D) Ciliary muscle contraction decreases
A) Volume of anterior chamber decreases and B) Formation of aqueous decreases
Keratoconus A) Utilizes overnight contact lens wear with a flattened central region to reversibly correct refractive error B) A progressive disease that primarily affects Bowman's layer and stroma resulting in protrusion of the affected corneal region C) This surgical procedure begins with a flap and then uses a laser to correct refractive error via changes to the corneal stroma D) This surgical procedure replaces the full thickness of the cornea
B) A progressive disease that primarily affects Bowman's layer and stroma resulting in protrusion of the affected corneal region
In the XYZ hypothesis, Z corresponds to A) Movement from the stem cell location at the periphery to the center B) Cells lost to the tear film C) Proliferation of basal cells
B) Cells lost to the tear film
Which is the most likely driving force of water movement from the epithelium to the tear film? A) K+ B) Cl- C) Na+ D) HCO3-
B) Cl-
Which is the most likely driving force of water movement from the endothelium to the aqueous humor? (Choose two) A) K+ B) Cl- C) Na+ D) HCO3-
B) Cl- and D) HCO3-
If the corneal endothelium is damaged, the cells in will regenerate and repair themselves within 24 hours. A) True B) False
B) False
Neovascularization of the cornea is abnormal growth of blood vessels due to excessive oxygen levels in the cornea. A) True B) False
B) False
The anterior lipid layer of the tear film is produced by the goblet cells A) True B) False
B) False
The function of the limbus is drainage of vitreous humor for the eye. A) True B) False
B) False
The goblet cells in the conjunctiva secrete the aqueous portion of the tear film A) True B) False
B) False
The longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle originate in the anterior portion of the scleral spur. A) True B) False
B) False
Tight junctions forming a belt around the entire cell are called zonular occludens that require a substance to pass between cells rather than through the cell itself A) True B) False
B) False
Which intercellular junction connects a cell to its basement membrane? A) Gap junction B) Hemidesmosome C) Desmosome
B) Hemidesmosome
In regard to penetrating keratoplasty, which statement is false? A) Keratoconus and Fuch's dystrophy are two diseases that may require PK B) Only the corneal stromal layer is replaced C) The donor corneal button is sutured 360 degrees around the eye to keep the new tissue in place D) Significant scarring with reduced vision is one indication for penetrating keratoplasty
B) Only the corneal stromal layer is replaced
Which portion of the limbus is most importantly functionally to the eye because it contains the structures for aqueous humor drainage? A) Middle B) Posterior C) Anterior
B) Posterior
Which of the following contributes to corneal stromal transparency? (Choose two) A) Large size of fibrils B) Regular arrangement of the stromal components C) Irregular arrangement of stromal components D) Small size of fibrils
B) Regular arrangement of the stromal components and D) Small size of fibrils
Which layer(s) start within the limbal area? A) Bowman's layer B) Tenon's capsule C) Episclera D) Conjunctival stroma E) Corneal endothelium
B) Tenon's capsule C) Episclera and D) Conjunctival stroma
Stroma A) This layer is continuous with the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body B) The sphincter muscle can be found within the pupillary zone of this layer C) This layer ends at the iris root and contains melanocytes which contribute to iris color D) This layer is continuous with pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body
B) The sphincter muscle can be found within the pupillary zone of this layer
In a normal functioning cornea, the cornea is thickest ___ A) Before going to bed at night B) When waking up in the morning
B) When waking up in the morning
Corneal transparency is optimal at what approximate water content? A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 100%
C) 75%
What is the primary function of the structures in the anterior chamber angle? A) Nourish the lens B) Produce aqueous humor C) Drain aqueous humor out of the eye
C) Drain aqueous humor out of the eye
The lamina cribrosa (Select all that apply) A) Is the strongest part of the ocular coat B) Is located at the front of the eye C) Is a perforated sheet of sclera D) Is formed by outer scleral fibers E) Allows nerve fibers to pass through the sclera
C) Is a perforated sheet of sclera and E) Allows nerve fibers to pass through the sclera
Secretes produce made by cell A) Apocrine B) Holocrine C) Merocrine
C) Merocrine
Which of the following is not a typical cause of a conjunctival cyst? A) Inflammation B) Mild infection C) Old age D) Irritation
C) Old age
The ciliary body is located ___ to the trabecular meshwork and ___ to the ora serrata. A) Inferior, superior B) Anterior, posterior C) Posterior, anterior D) Superior, inferior
C) Posterior, anterior
In the XYZ hypothesis, X corresponds to A) Movement from the stem cell location at the periphery to the center B) Cells lost to the tear film C) Proliferation of basal cells
C) Proliferation of basal cells
Pick the two statements which accurately describe the innervation and function of the muscle in the iris A) The sphincter muscle is under parasympathetic innervation and cause mydriasis B) The dilator muscle is under sympathetic innervation and causes miosis C) The dilator muscle is under sympathetic innervation and causes mydriasis D) The sphincter muscle is under parasympathetic innervation and causes miosis
C) The dilator muscle is under sympathetic innervation and causes mydriasis and D) The sphincter muscle is under parasympathetic innervation and causes miosis
Anterior border layer A) This layer is continuous with the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body B) The sphincter muscle can be found within the pupillary zone of this layer C) This layer ends at the iris root and contains melanocytes which contribute to iris color D) This layer is continuous with pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body
C) This layer ends at the iris root and contains melanocytes which contribute to iris color
LASIK A) Utilizes overnight contact lens wear with a flattened central region to reversibly correct refractive error B) A progressive disease that primarily affects Bowman's layer and stroma resulting in protrusion of the affected corneal region C) This surgical procedure begins with a flap and then uses a laser to correct refractive error via changes to the corneal stroma D) This surgical procedure replaces the full thickness of the cornea
C) This surgical procedure begins with a flap and then uses a laser to correct refractive error via changes to the corneal stroma
Which of the following processes are involved in the production of aqueous humor? A) Diffusion B) Ultrafiltration C) Active transport D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is true about corneal endothelium? A) Cell density of the endothelium decreases with age B) Pleomorphism is variability of cell shape C) A minimal cell density of 400-700 cell/mm^2 is required to maintain normal pump function D) All of the above statements are true
D) All of the above statements are true
Which of the following is not part of the normal aging process? A) Wrinkles B) Decrease in basal rate of tear secretion C) Eyebrow position heightens D) Increase in reflex tearing
D) Increase in reflex tearing
The ciliary muscle is ___ and innervated by ___ fibers of CN III. A) Voluntary, parasympathetic B) Voluntary, sympathetic C) Involuntary, sympathetic D) Involuntary, parasympathetic
D) Involuntary, parasympathetic
Eyelid eversion allows you to directly view which structure? A) Iris B) Sclera C) Inferior bulbar conjunctiva D) Superior palpebral conjunctiva E) Orbicularis oculi muscle
D) Superior palpebral conjunctiva
Anterior epithelium A) This layer is continuous with the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body B) The sphincter muscle can be found within the pupillary zone of this layer C) This layer ends at the iris root and contains melanocytes which contribute to iris color D) This layer is continuous with pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body
D) This layer is continuous with pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body
Penetrating keratoplasty A) Utilizes overnight contact lens wear with a flattened central region to reversibly correct refractive error B) A progressive disease that primarily affects Bowman's layer and stroma resulting in protrusion of the affected corneal region C) This surgical procedure begins with a flap and then uses a laser to correct refractive error via changes to the corneal stroma D) This surgical procedure replaces the full thickness of the cornea
D) This surgical procedure replaces the full thickness of the cornea
