Exam 2 (13, 14, 15)

8. The center-to-center spacings of framing members in a WLF building are generally a. 12 in., 16 in., or 24 in. b. 12 in., 24 in., or 36 in. c. 2 ft, 3 ft, or 4 ft. d. 4 ft, 6 ft, or 8 ft. e. virtually any spacing may be used, depending on the architectural and structural considerations.

a. 12 in., 16 in., or 24 in.

The approximate density of lumber is a. 35 pcf. b. 35 psf. c. 55 pcf. d. 55 psf. e. 75 pcf.

a. 35 pcf.

33. Which of the following lumber cross sections is that of a dimension lumber? a. 4 * 8 b. 6 * 8 c. 1 * 8 d. 1 * 12 e. 6 * 12

a. 4 * 8

23. Which of the following nailed connections is the strongest? a. Face nailing b. Toe nailing c. End nailing

a. Face nailing

10. Spruce is a softwood species. a. True b. False

a. True

12. Hardwoods are generally used for fine-quality flooring, furniture, and wall paneling. a. True b. False

a. True

14. A jack stud is always accompanied by a king stud. a. True b. False

a. True

14. The most commonly used plywood panel (nominal) size is 4 ft * 8 ft. a. True b. False

a. True

17. An OSB panel generally has greater shear strength than a plywood panel of the same size and thickness. a. True b. False

a. True

24. From the user's view point, the difference between MC 15 and KD 15 is generally ignored. a. True b. False

a. True

27. Gaseous emissions produced by engineered wood products decrease over time. a. True b. False

a. True

37. A lumber grade stamp must include the mill identification number. a. True b. False

a. True

4. In the early version of WLF construction, the studs were continuous from the foundation to the roof. a. True b. False

a. True

4. Unbalanced beams can be used only as single-span beams. a. True b. False

a. True

28. A piece of lumber has been specified as 2 in. x 4 in. in cross section. This refers to its a. actual cross-sectional dimensions. b. nominal cross-sectional dimensions.

a. actual cross-sectional dimensions.

2. When WLF was first discovered, it was called a a. balloon frame. b. rigid frame. c. skeleton frame. d. platform frame. e. portal frame.

a. balloon frame.

23. The moisture content in a piece of lumber has been measured to be 15%. According to the wood industry, this piece of lumber will be classified as a. dry. b. green. c. wet. d. moist. e. arid.

a. dry.

25. A rectangular roof with hip ends on two sides has a. eaves on all four sides. b. eaves on three sides. c. eaves on two sides. d. eave on one side. e. no eaves.

a. eaves on all four sides.

18. Structural lumber is typically a. flat-sawn. b. quarter-sawn. c. either (a) or (b), depending on the type of structural member.

a. flat-sawn.

11. Lumber used for structural framing of buildings in North America is generally derived a. from softwood species. b. from hardwood species. c. from both softwoods and hardwoods, depending on the price of lumber. d. from both softwoods and hardwoods, depending on the time of the year.

a. from softwood species.

17. A precut stud length equal to 7 ft 8 5 8 in. is commonly used because a. it provides a floor-to-ceiling height of 8 ft. b. it permits the use of 1 2@in.@thick gypsum boards. c. it permits the use of OSB sheathing; otherwise, more expensive plywood sheathing is needed. d. it is more energy efficient.

a. it provides a floor-to-ceiling height of 8 ft.

20. Several different types of nails are used in wood frame construction. They are typically distinguished from each other by the a. nail head and nail shank. b. nail head and nail tip. c. nail tip and nail shank. d. nail head and type of threads. e. none of the above.

a. nail head and nail shank.

40. Lumber used for structural framing members, such as studs, floor joists, and rafters, is graded using a. only visual inspection. b. only machine grading. c. both visual and machine grading must be used to arrive at lumber's grade.

a. only visual inspection.

22. Nails work best when they are subjected to a. shear. b. tension.

a. shear.

17. Wood is a. stronger along the grain than across the grain. b. stronger across the grain than along the grain. c. equally strong in both directions of the grain.

a. stronger along the grain than across the grain.

25. Joist hangers are steel connectors a. that connect floor joists with a. supporting beam. b. that connect floor joists with the supporting wall. c. that connect floor joists with floor sheathing. d. all of the above.

a. supporting beam.

16. In a 2 * 6 stud, the wood grain is parallel to the a. vertical direction. b. 2-in. dimension. c. 6-in. dimension.

a. vertical direction.

2. Unprotected glulam members with a large cross section are considered to provide a fire resistance rating of up to a. 1 2 h. b. 1 h. c. 2 h. d. 3 h. e. 4 h.

b. 1 h.

7. The framing members in a WLF building are generally a. 1-by solid lumber members. b. 2-by solid lumber members. c. 3-by solid lumber members. d. 4-by solid lumber members. e. none of the above.

b. 2-by solid lumber members.

11. Wood trusses are generally spaced at a. 12 in. on center. b. 24 in. on center. c. 48 in. on center. d. 60 in. on center.

b. 24 in. on center.

10. Nail plates, used to join members of a truss, are generally used only on one face of the truss. a. True b. False

b. False

19. Exterior siding panels may be made of OSB or plywood. a. True b. False

b. False

19. Flat-sawn lumber is dimensionally more stable than quarter-sawn lumber. a. True b. False

b. False

20. A non-load-bearing wall in a building is one that supports the loads from the roof but not from any floor. a. True b. False

b. False

24. Nail popping is primarily a problem in floor sheathing and is caused by the shrinkage of floor sheathing. a. True b. False

b. False

27. Because a ridge board is a structural member, its size depends on roof loads. a. True b. False

b. False

28. A bird's mouth cut in rafters is made at the ridge. a. True b. False

b. False

31. In calculating the board foot measure, we must use the actual dimensions of lumber, not its nominal dimensions. a. True b. False

b. False

36. A lumber grade stamp must include information on the cross sectional dimensions of lumber. a. True b. False

b. False

7. Wood I-joists are made of LVL or solid sawn lumber flanges and webs. a. True b. False

b. False

30. The most commonly used material for floor sheathing in a wood light-frame building is a. 1 x 4 lumber. b. OSB panels. c. high-density fiberboard panels. d. high-density fiberboard panels laminated to gypsum board. e. gypsum board panels.

b. OSB panels.

20. Which of the following terms means the same as quarter-sawn? a. Tangentially sawn b. Radially sawn

b. Radially sawn

42. A termite shield is generally made of a. asphalt-treated felt. b. galvanized sheet steel. c. lead sheet. d. kraft paper.

b. galvanized sheet steel.

22. Fungal decay in wood occurs when the moisture content in wood is a. greater than or equal to 15%. b. greater than or equal to 20%. c. greater than or equal to 25%. d. between 15% and 25%. e. none of the above.

b. greater than or equal to 20%.

4. If we cut a cross section through a tree trunk, we will see a number of rings. The most appropriate term for these rings is a. annual rings. b. growth rings. c. concentric rings. d. eccentric rings. e. all of the above.

b. growth rings.

3. A glulam member a. must be made using long, continuous lengths of high-grade sawn lumber. b. is generally stronger and stiffer than sawn lumber of the same dimensions. c. requires complete protection from exterior elements due to its water-soluble adhesive. d. none of the above. e. all of the above.

b. is generally stronger and stiffer than sawn lumber of the same dimensions.

16. A header over an opening bears directly on a. cripple studs. b. jack studs. c. king studs. d. common studs.

b. jack studs.

1. The most common use of glulam members is in a. structural panels. b. long-span beams. c. short-span beams. d. none of the above.

b. long-span beams.

15. Plywood panels should be placed with their longer dimension a. parallel to rafters or joists. b. perpendicular to rafters or joists. c. diagonal to rafters or joists. d. either (a) or (b). e. either (a) or (c).

b. perpendicular to rafters or joists.

21. The primary purpose of full-depth blocking in a floor frame is to a. reduce compressive stresses in floor joists. b. prevent buckling of floor joists. c. reduce tensile stresses in floor joists. d. give additional nailing surface for a gypsum board ceiling. e. give additional nailing surface for floor sheathing.

b. prevent buckling of floor joists.

23. A floor in a WLF building that supports a non-load-bearing wall generally requires no additional strengthening or stiffening when a. the wall runs parallel to floor joists. b. the wall runs perpendicular to floor joists.

b. the wall runs perpendicular to floor joists.

13. A corner made by two WLF walls must have at least a. two studs. b. three studs. c. four studs. d. five studs. e. six studs.

b. three studs.

10. The top plate in a WLF wall generally consists of a. one 2-by member. b. two 2-by members. c. three 2-by members. d. any one of the above, depending on architectural considerations. e. none of the above.

b. two 2-by members.

13. In the United States, most structural lumber is grown in the a. northern region of the United States. b. western and southern regions of the United States. c. eastern and northeastern regions of the United States. d. central region of the United States. e. none of the above, because most structural lumber is imported from Mexico.

b. western and southern regions of the United States.

12. Plywood panels are made by gluing under heat and pressure layers of a. wood veneers so that the wood grain in all layers is in the same direction. b. wood veneers so that the wood grains in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other. c. shredded wood strands so that the strands in all layers are in the same direction. d. shredded wood strands so that the strands in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other.

b. wood veneers so that the wood grains in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other.

12. A sill plate in a WLF wall must be anchored to the foundation with at least a. 1-in.-diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers. b. 3 4@in.@diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers. c. 1 2@in.@diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers. d. 1 4@in.@diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers. e. none of the above.

c. 1 2@in.@diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers.

21. The weight of a piece of lumber is 2 lb. The weight of the same piece after it is fully dried is 1.8 lb. What was the original moisture content in the wood? a. 7% b. 9% c. 11% d. 15% e. None of the above

c. 11%

32. A retailer of building materials purchased 1,000 pieces of 2 x 12 lumber, each 10 ft long. How many board feet did the retailer purchase? a. 1,000 bd ft b. 10 MBF c. 20,000 bd ft d. 100,000 bd ft e. None of the above

c. 20,000 bd ft

16. With respect to veneer quality, softwood plywood is graded in grades a. A to C. b. B to D. c. A to D. d. A to E. e. B to F.

c. A to D.

Which of the following two terms are used synonymously? a. Lumber and wood b. Lumber and laminated veneer lumber c. Lumber and solid sawn lumber d. All of the above

c. Lumber and solid sawn lumber

41. Preservative-treated lumber is effective a. only against termite attack. b. only against fungal attack. c. against both fungi and termites.

c. against both fungi and termites.

26. In the building industry, the slope of a roof is generally expressed a. in degrees. b. in radians. c. as a rise-to-run ratio. d. as a run-to-rise ratio. e. none of the above.

c. as a rise-to-run ratio.

5. The walls of wood cells consist primarily of a. calcium. b. glucose. c. cellulose. d. copper. e. lignin.

c. cellulose.

35. The basis for distinguishing lumber as board, dimension lumber, and timber is the a. species of lumber. b. strength of lumber. c. cross-sectional dimensions of lumber. d. length of lumber. e. durability of lumber.

c. cross-sectional dimensions of lumber.

8. Compared to sawn lumber joists, wood I-joists are a. less expensive. b. slightly heavier. c. dimensionally more stable. d. all of the above.

c. dimensionally more stable.

24. A roof with gable ends on both sides in a rectangular building has a. eaves on all four sides. b. eaves on three sides. c. eaves on two sides. d. eave on one side. e. no eaves.

c. eaves on two sides.

26. The adhesives used in making engineered wood products contain a. urethane. b. styrene. c. formaldehyde. d. lignin. e. none of the above.

c. formaldehyde.

26. The term S2S implies that the lumber has been a. sawed twice. b. sawed from two sides. c. surfaced on two sides. d. none of the above.

c. surfaced on two sides.

18. The header over an opening in a wall made of 2 x 6 studs consists of a. three 2-by lumber members nailed together. b. three 2-by lumber members nailed together with one intervening filler. c. three 2-by lumber members nailed together with two intervening fillers. d. two 2-by lumber members nailed together with three intervening fillers. e. two 2-by lumber members nailed together with two intervening fillers.

c. three 2-by lumber members nailed together with two intervening fillers.

5. Balanced glulam beams are mandated for a. continuous beams. b. single-span beams. c. beams with an overhang. d. (a) and (c). e. (b) and (c).

d. (a) and (c).

29. The actual dimensions of 4 x 8 lumber are a. 31 2 in. x 7 1/2 in. b. 31 4 in. x 7 1/2 in. c. 31 4 in. x 7 1/4 in. d. 31 2 in. x 7 1/4 in. e. none of the above.

d. 31 2 in. x 7 1/4 in.

21. The nails most commonly used in wood frame construction are a. 4d, 6d, 9d, and 12d. b. 6d, 12d, 18d, and 24d. c. 6d, 10d, 16d, and 20d. d. 6d, 8d, 10d, and 16d. e. 6d, 8d, 10d, and 12d.

d. 6d, 8d, 10d, and 16d.

15. Which of the following species of wood is naturally decay resistant? a. Pine b. Fir c. Spruce d. Cedar e. Hemlock

d. Cedar

38. Which of the following grades will not apply to a 2 * 8 lumber? a. No. 1 b. No. 2 c. No. 3 d. Construction

d. Construction

34. Which of the following is not a lumber grade? a. No. 1 b. No. 2 c. No. 3 d. No. 4 e. Construction

d. No. 4

8. Which of the following species of wood is not a softwood? a. Pine b. Fir c. Cedar d. Oak e. Redwood

d. Oak

39. Which of the following grades can only be used as blocking? a. No. 1 b. No. 2 c. Construction d. Utility e. Standard

d. Utility

15. In a WLF wall assembly, a cripple stud is used a. at a wall corner. b. at a wall T-junction. c. at the ends of a wall opening. d. above a header or below rough sill. e. both (a) and (b).

d. above a header or below rough sill.

13. Cross-graining makes a plywood panel a. dimensionally more stable. b. less likely to split than solid sawn lumber. c. stronger in the direction of face veneer grains. d. all of the above. e. (a) and (c).

d. all of the above.

27. A 10-ft-long stud was installed in position when the wood's moisture content was 19%. During a long dry spell, the wood's moisture content became 8%. The new stud length will be a. approximately 9 ft 10 in. b. approximately 9 ft 10 1/2 in. c. approximately 9 ft 11 in. d. approximately the same as the initial stud length of 10 ft. e. none of the above.

d. approximately the same as the initial stud length of 10 ft.

7. The difference between softwoods and hardwoods is based on the a. strength of wood. b. density of wood. c. abrasion resistance of wood. d. botanical characteristics. e. decay resistance of wood.

d. botanical characteristics.

11. The bottom plate in a WLF wall is called a. a sill plate. b. a sole plate. c. (a) and (b) are synonymous terms. d. either (a) or (b), depending on the location of the wall.

d. either (a) or (b), depending on the location of the wall.

The cellular structure of wood consists mainly of a. hollow, small, approximately spherical cells. b. solid, small, approximately spherical cells. c. hollow, small, approximately ellipsoidal cells. d. hollow, long tubular cells. e. either (c) or (d).

d. hollow, long tubular cells.

43. Wood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is available a. only in the United States. b. in the United States and Canada. c. in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. d. in (c) and several other countries.

d. in (c) and several other countries.

29. In a roof with a ridge beam, a. ceiling joists are spaced at 12 in. on center maximum. b. ceiling joists are spaced at 16 in. on center maximum. c. ceiling joists are spaced at 24 in. on center maximum. d. none of the above.

d. none of the above.

5. In time, the early version of WLF construction was modified to what is now called a a. balloon frame. b. rigid frame. c. skeleton frame. d. platform frame. e. portal frame.

d. platform frame.

6. The type of WLF construction that has the largest amount of crossgrain lumber is a a. balloon frame. b. rigid frame. c. skeleton frame. d. platform frame. e. portal frame.

d. platform frame.

19. In a WLF building, a floor framing plan indicates a. the layout of studs and their spacing. b. the layout of studs and exterior wall sheathing. c. the layout of floor joists and blocking. d. the layout of floor joists, floor beams, and blocking. e. the layout of floor beams, studs, and wall sheathing.

d. the layout of floor joists, floor beams, and blocking.

9. Characteristics of a truss include a. greater spanning capability than a sawn lumber beam having the same amount of material. b. individual members joined together to form an array of interconnected rectangular frames. c. individual members joined together to form an array of interconnected triangular frames. d. (a) and (b). e. (a) and (c).

e. (a) and (c).

9. The center-to-center spacing of framing members in a WLF building is mainly based on a. age-old practice. b. structural considerations. c. the size of sheathing panels. d. insulation requirements. e. (b) and (c).

e. (b) and (c).

1. Roughly how old is WLF construction? a. 1,000 years b. 800 years c. 600 years d. 400 years e. 200 years

e. 200 years

14. Redwood is grown mainly in a. Texas. b. Florida. c. Oklahoma. d. Arizona. e. California.

e. California.

9. Which of the following species of wood is not a hardwood? a. Teak b. Balsa wood c. Rosewood d. Oak e. Redwood

e. Redwood

18. Grade stamps on engineered wood panels specify a. intended use and exposure. b. allowable spans. c. mill number. d. thickness. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

6. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is a. produced by gluing together wood veneers that are approximately 1 8 in. thick. b. generally used as floor joists and beams. c. glued with all veneers running in the same direction. d. stronger along the grain and weaker across the grain. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

22. Blocking between floor joists is required where a. the joists bear on a. wall. b. the joists bear on a beam. c. the joists are hung on a beam using joist hangers. d. all of the above. e. both (a) and (b).

e. both (a) and (b).

30. The actual dimensions of 2 x 12 lumber are a. 1 1/2 in. x 11 in. b. 1 1/2 in. x 11 1/2 in. c. 1 1/2 in. x 11 3/4 in. d. 1 3/4 in. x 11 3/4 in. e. none of the above.

e. none of the above.

25. The term S-DRY implies that the lumber has been a. stored in a dry climate. b. sawed when its moisture content was ≤25% . c. surfaced when its moisture content was ≤25% . d. sawed when its moisture content was ≤19% . e. surfaced when its moisture content was ≤19% .

e. surfaced when its moisture content was ≤19% .

3. WLF construction originated in a. the United Kingdom. b. France. c. Australia. d. Norway. e. the United States.

e. the United States.

6. The terms sapwood and heartwood refer to a. two different wood species. b. two different subspecies of wood. c. two different types of wood cells. d. two different parts of a growth ring. e. two different parts of the same tree.

e. two different parts of the same tree.