Exam 2 - Principle Management
If my workplace goals included getting high scores on a performance evaluation, I would prefer that _____
????
Ang Li has found it rather hard to move up in her managerial career at her workplace especially when compared to how fellow graduate from Tri-Valley, American-born Adam Watson, has managed to become the regional manager of sales in the company. This suggests the presence of ________ in Li's organization.
A glass Ceiling
Which of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees?
A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.
Which of the following is a structural variable that supports innovation?
A work and non work support
_______ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or work method
Innovation
A change capable organization ________.
Links the present and the future
Strategic plans are usually ________.
Long term, direction, and single use
Which of the following is the best description of the provisions of the Civil Rights Act, Title VII?
prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender
In the BCG matrix, a business unit that has a high anticipated growth rate but a low market share is known as a
question mark
When a totally new product, such as laser discs years ago, is introduced, it would be considered a ________ according to the bcg matrix?
question mark
A ________ strategy is used to deal with minor performance problems. It helps an organization stabilize operations, revitalize organizational resources and capabilities, and prepare to compete once again.
retrenchment
________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy.
role conflict
Which of the following diversity factor that has been called the "last acceptable bias."
sexual orientation
Operational plans are usually _______.
short term, specific and standing
Discrimination refers to ________.
someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice
Newmark RV is performing an internal analysis. Which of the following would be considered a resource?
special design feature
Tom's Welding has been supplying frames to the mobile home industry for many years. His business has remained steady despite the entry of other firms into the industry. Tom's is likely pursuing a ________ strategy
stability
When an organization continues serving the same clients by offering the same product or service, maintaining market share, and sustaining the organization's current business operations, it is following a ________ strategy.
stability
Heavy investment in ________ will help take advantage of the market's growth and help maintain high market share
stars
Managers should "milk" cash cows for as much as they can, limit any new investment in them, and use the large amounts of cash generated to invest in ________ and ________.
stars, question marks
_______ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others in the organization to initiate changes that will create a viable and valuable future for the organization.
strategic leadership
The top managers of the corporation are meeting to discuss how they will compete in their chosen markets and how they will attract and satisfy customers. These managers are discussing ________
strategy
The meaning of "glass" that is used in the term "glass ceiling" signifies ________.
that whatever is blocking the way for women to attain top management positions is not immediately apparent
When making editorial decisions for his newspaper, Robert Downs mostly picks issues that are in line with his political beliefs and those that his advertisers approve of. For instance, he recently chose not to publish a story about how a large local manufacturer, one of the paper's biggest advertisers, was flouting environmental regulations. This indicates that ________.
the company stated goals are not its real goals
In workplace jargon, the term glass ceiling refers to
the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions.
How can managers increase the likelihood of making change happen successfully?
they should give the individual employees a role in the change process
When the price of beef skyrockets, consumers switch to pork and chicken. This demonstrates ________.
threat of new subsitutes
Which of the following is a competitive force under the five forces model?
threat of substitues
One big challenge for managers of diverse workforces is
to provide accommodations for disabilities and religious beliefs that other employees don't view as special treatment
An innovative culture is likely to have
tolerance of conflict
Which of the following is one of the problems associated with traditional goal setting?
transition of strategic goals into department, team, and individual goals is difficult
A business model describes how a company is going to make money.
true
A disadvantage of coercion is that it is illegal and undermines the change agent's credibility.
true
Creativity refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas
true
Evaluating an organization's intangible assets is part of conducting an internal analysis in the strategic management process.
true
Long-term plans are those with a time frame beyond three years.
true
Managers using the strategic management process always achieve positive outcomes.
true
Our human nature is to not accept or approach anything that's different from us.
true
The "calm waters" metaphor of change is consistent with Lewin's concept of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
true
The BCG matrix evaluates an organization's various businesses to identify which ones offer high potential and which ones drain organizational resources
true
The commitment concept says that plans should extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed
true
Traditional goal setting goals set by top managers flow down through the organization and become subgoals for each organizational unit, assume top managers know what's best in the big picture
true
changing structure includes any change in structural variables such as reporting relationships, coordination mechanisms, employee empowerment, or job redesign.
true
cultural change is most likely to take place when ________
true
short-term plans are those covering one year or less
true
stress is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities
true
During the Great Recession, Malcolm's Racing Bikes lost a considerable amount of its business because customers could no longer afford the expensive models in his shop. He was very near bankruptcy. Malcolm began carrying a line of less expensive bikes to appeal to recreational bicyclists and families and also opened a repair service. Malcolm used a ________ strategy.
turnaround
A ________ personality is characterized by chronic feelings of a sense of time urgency, an excessive competitive drive, and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time.
type A
Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's goals?
using a single goal such as profit may result in unethical behavior on employees
Managers perform an external analysis so that they know about ________.
what the competition is doing
Defining the organizational mission forces managers to identify ________.
what the organization is in business to do
When is the traditional top-down approach to planning most likely to be effective?
when plans are developed that can actually be used by organizational members
In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.
white-water rapids
In which of the following areas are consistent male-female differences observed?
work schedule preferences
________ is a process of setting mutually-agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance
Management by objectives
Which of the following statements is true of traditional goal setting?
Managers at each level define goals and apply their own interpretations and biases as they make them more specific.
involves exchanging something of value for an agreement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.
Negotiation
Which of the following statements is true of gender diversity in workplaces?
No consistent male-female differences exist in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
In his exit interview, James, a member of a minority group, mentioned that he had been passed over for promotions in favor of less qualified internal candidates. This situation relates to
Organizational performance
Which of the following trends has been observed in the world population in terms of aging?
People aged 65 and older will soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in history.
For ________, there must be uncertainty over the outcome, and the outcome must be important.
Potential stress to become actual stress
Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is categorized as strategic?
Potential to improve market share
is the biological heritage (including physical characteristics such as one's skin color and associated traits) that people use to identify themselves.
Race
Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity contributes to organizational performance?
Reduced costs associated with high turnover and absenteeism
Which of the following perceptions do employers typically have of older employees?
Resistant to new technology
________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction.
Sensitivity training
U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of _____
Sexual orientation
According to Lewin, which of the following is the objective of refreezing?
Stabilizing the new situation
Robert Downs is in the process of setting up a small community newspaper in his home town of Corning, New York. As a first step, he sets the following goal for his company: "To be a champion for free speech and for the development of the community."
Strategic
most companies goals can be classified as either ______ or _______
Strategic and financial
Dynamic environments require a flatter organizational hierarchy in order to plan effectively.
True
In an uncertain environment, managers should develop plans that are specific, but flexible.
True
People aged 65 and older will soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in history.
True
The presence of planning does inhibits the ability of departments and individuals to work together or organizations to move.
True
Women and men now each make up almost half of the workforce in the United States.
True
New Ideas, Inc., focuses on new ideas, uses technology that changes frequently, and has strong competition in the market. This situation describes what metaphor of change?
White-waters rapids metaphor
The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________
Workplace diversity
AI Rubber is one of four suppliers of molded rubber products and has a 45% market share. The market for its products is shrinking. AI Rubber is part of a larger corporation that includes a total of seven different companies. In the BCG matrix, AI Rubber would be considered ________.
a cash cow
Which of the following provides a framework for understanding diverse businesses and helps managers establish priorities for allocating resources?
a corporate portfolio matrix
A firm that is "stuck in the middle" cannot develop
a cost or differentiation advantage
Which of the following is an example of a standing plan?
a fire escape policy establishing practices to be followed in an emergency
Who targets a narrow market segment with customized products?
a focuser
Which of the following is an example of a single-use plan?
a plan developed to implement new environmental regulations
Nike, Inc. is a sportswear and equipment manufacturer that serves a multitude of sports disciplines. Which of the following statements from Nike would be the best example of a strategic goal?
accelerating growth through focused execution
Earnest's team works well when given "big picture" goals and allowed to develop ideas without detailed explanations or guidance. This would indicate Earnest's team is
accepting of ambiguity
Which of the following reflects the way goals are set in an MBO program?
apart from being used to ensure that employees are doing what they are supposed to be doing, goals are used as a motivation tool for employees
In ________, the organization becomes its own supplier so it can control its inputs.
backward vertical integration
________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology.
bias
Bixler Corp. boasts that it has the fewest warranty claims in its industry. We can infer from this that _________
bixlers quality is a competitive advantage
_________ gathers information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them.
competitive intelligence
Which of the following is true of competitor intelligence as a means of environmental scanning?
competitor intelligence is ethical if competitor-related information is collected from sources accessible and available to the public.
An organization that grows using ________ focuses on its primary line of business and increases the number of products offered or markets served in this primary business
concentration
Organizations grow by using strategies of _______
concentration, integration, or diversification
The major value-creating capabilities of the organization are known as its _______
core competencies
Top-level managers are responsible for ________ strategies
corporate
________ involves the theft of proprietary materials or trade secrets by any means.
corporate espionage
Diversification is an example of a corporate retrenchment strategy.
false
Several research studies have conclusively proven that planning organizations always outperform nonplanning organizations.
false
Stars, one of the four business groups in the BCG matrix, are characterized by low growth and low market share.
false
When conducting a SWOT analysis, threats are activities the organization doesn't do well or resources it needs but doesn't possess.
false
a trucking company that grows by purchasing a chain of gasoline stations is engaged in horizontal integration
false
coercion involves the use of covert attempts to influence others
false
the number of years used to define short-term and long-term plans has increased considerably because of the greater environmental certainty businesses have today.
false
manipulation involves the use of direct threats against the resisters.
fasle
When Joshua proposed cross-training his employees so absences and vacations would not pose such a problem in productivity, his employees objected. Their resistance came from their
fear that they would be forced out of their habits
An organization that initially brings a product innovation to the market is known as the ________.
first mover
Ferrari sells very expensive, stylish, high-quality cars to very wealthy people. Ferrari follows a ________ strategy.
focus
Which of the following strategies involves a cost advantage or a differentiation advantage in a narrow segment?
focus strategy
A ________ strategy is when an organization expands the number of markets served or the products offered.
growth
Which of the following human resource variables is supportive of organizational innovation?
high interunit communication
Nora has just informed her employer that she is expecting her second child. Her employer immediately moved her to a position of less responsibility and pay and less physical activity. This action is
illegal under the pregnancy act
Which of the following managerial styles is traditionally considered to be feminine?
inclusive
A cost leadership strategy requires a firm to ________
maintain the lowest cost structure
Which of the following is true regarding reduction of employee stress?
managers should make sure that the employee's abilities match the job requirements.
A ________ is an integrated network of goals in which the accomplishment of goals at one level serves as the means for achieving the goals, or ends, at the next level.
means-end chain
is a process whereby an experienced organizational member provides advice and guidance to a less-experienced member.
mentoring
A ________ is a broad statement of an organization's purpose that provides an overall guide to what organizational members think is important
mission
What type of discrimination usually involves jokes or negative stereotypes being perpetrated about fellow employees?
mockery and insults
short term are plans covering
one year or less
Plans that encompass only the production or the sales goals of a company are termed ________ plans.
operational
Casey majored in marketing and really enjoyed studying market research as a subject. Through research on the Internet and in the university library, she discovers that this industry appears to have significant positive external trends. She interprets this as a
opportunity
Which of the following is an advantage of being a first mover?
opportunity to being building customer relationship
________ is the term used to describe change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships
organizational development
Which of the following is the best indicator of an organization's real goals?
organizational members actions
Which of the following statements is true of the findings of studies on race and ethnicity in the workplace?
African Americans generally do worse than Whites in decisions related to the workplace. ?????
Which of the following racial groups have been the focus of most race and ethnographic studies of workplace diversity in the United States?
African americans and whites
Kathleen likes cats. She believes people who own cats are independent and free spirits. She finds out Linda has a cat. Therefore, Linda is independent and free-spirited. In order, what is happening here?
Bias, prejudice, stereotyping
A problem associated with traditional goal setting is that ________.
Clarity is lost as the goals make their way down from the top of the organization to lower levels
Design thinking can provide a process for ________.
Coming up with things that dont exist
When formal planning fails to lead to higher performance, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for the failure?
Constraints of the external environment.
strategies determine what business a company is in or wants to be in, and what it wants to do with those businesses
Corporate
______ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population.
Ethnicity
The commitment concept says that plans should
Extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed
Patrick expects that each person he hires for his online business to be involved in studying trends involving new technology, competitors, and customers. These employees are involved in ________.
External analysis
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an example of which of the following forces of change?
External change
The technology change in the manufacturing process of New Ideas, Inc.'s products to make the process more efficient is the result of a competitor lowering its price. Therefore, it was a(n) ________.
External force of change
Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, or a short paid leave of absence.
Facilitation and support
According to projections of the U.S. population, the ethnic groups that will exhibit the maximum change are the Hispanic and African American populations.
False
Directional plans are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation.
False
Men are found to follow a nurturing, inclusive, and collaborative style of leadership, in contrast to women.
False
Men are more likely than women to start out in an entry-level position, even when they have the same educational qualifications
False
Planning helps managers eliminate uncertainty and insulates organizations from change.
False
The concept of workforce diversity expanded from compliance to an issue of business survival during the early 1980s.
False
Worldwide population trends indicate that we will witness dwindling labor supply and increasing total global savings rates.
False
Employee A prefers to work flexible hours and to work from home as often as practical. According to research, Employee A is likely to be
Female
if top managers set a goal that each store in the company should have sales equal to or greater than $100 per square foot per day, this would be an example of a _______
Financial goal
The late 1980's to the late 1990's brought a shift in workplace diversity from
Focusing solely on women and minorities
Which of the following is true of the impact of formal planning on organizational performance?
Formal planning is associated with positive financial results
Most idea champions ________.
Have extremely high self confidence
actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemented.
Idea champions
long term plans are defined as those with a time frame beyond
3 years
Business had been humming along just fine until the Great Recession hit. Benton Industries adjusted by laying off employees until the recession ended then hired them back. Then it was back to business as usual. This is an example of ________.
Calm waters metaphor
In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.
Change agents
Which of the following is a physical symptom of stress?
Changees in metabolism
A company that competes by offering unique products that are widely valued by customers is following a differentiation strategy.
Differentiation strategy
plans are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation.
Directional
In terms of workplace diversity, the New Millenium has witnessed increased focus on ________.
Diversity and inclusion for the business success, profitability, and growth
Outside consultants are more likely to initiate ________ organizational changes than insiders.
Drastic
Fred's Donuts is installing new equipment in its bakery. Many employees are fearful they will not be able to operate it. Which of the following courses of actions is best for Fred to use to overcome this employee resistance?
Educate employees and communicate
Williamson is the owner of a small company that sells corporate gifts through an online store. Business has slowed down in recent months and he realizes that the organization must move in a different direction if it is to survive. He has reset some of the company's overall goals and wants to develop a plan to achieve those goals. He is anticipating the business environment to be volatile for next few years. Considering the above information, it can be determined that his plan must be ____,_____, and _______.
Strategic, specific, flexible
People are going to be different. The focus of managers should be to find ways to develop___
Strong relationship and engage with the entire workforce
After several expansions and acquisitions that resulted in duplicate positions of several administrative functions, U.S. Big Corp. decided to reorganize itself around customers rather than around functions. This would amount to a change in
Structural design
How does surface-level diversity differ from deep-level diversity?
Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at work.
Bella Vista Clothing targets teenage girls with a range of affordable ready-to-wear clothing. The company is opening two new outlets, as sales have been excellent. Which of the following represents a strength for the company?
The company's in-house designers have a knack for identifying and popularizing fashion trends.
Which of the following correctly reflects the characteristics of the current U.S. population?
The median age of the u.s. population has risen significantly over the last decade.
Which of the following is the first step in MBO?
The organizations overall objectives and strategies are formulated
Considering the characteristics of well-written goals, which of the following would be a well-written goal for the above scenario?
To invoice merchandise worth $ 200,000 every month, for the next three years.
When a member offers an "off-the-wall" solution to a team problem, Edwin has to contend with what cultural variable?
Tolerance of the impractical
Which of the following is an assumption associated with traditional goal setting?
Top managers know what is best because they see the "big picture."
A leadership change can facilitate cultural change.
True
As managers plan, they develop both goals and plans
True
When used to connect with customers or to connect employees with co-workers in other locations, social media ________.
can create a competitive advantage
(BCG) matrix, a business unit that has a low anticipated growth rate but a high market share is known as a ________.
cash cow
In the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, a business unit that has a low anticipated growth rate but a high market share is known as a ________.
cash cow
Well-written goals are
clear as to a time frame
A ________ firm uses both online and traditional stand-alone locations.
clicks and bricks
Structural component changes include
combining departmental responsibilities
Kiva Systems, manufacturer of robots used in flexible automation systems, demonstrates the power of ________ by "teaching" its robots to dispose of used cardboard and to assist in gift wrapping for e-commerce warehouse fulfillment.
design thinking
Every fast food hamburger restaurant chain wants you to believe their product is the best because it is stored or prepared uniquely. Each of these is pursuing a
differentiation strategy
An Internet-based knowledge management system that shortens customer response times would be an e-business technique that contributes to the competitive advantage of a ________
differentiator
Mr. Slabaugh wants to formulate a plan that lays out general guidance for his employees and leave room for interpretation. Which of the following types of plans would best suit his requirements?
directional
What type of discrimination are older workers in an organization subjected to if they are laid off for being highly paid and having lucrative benefits?
discriminatory practices
What type of discrimination is said to have occurred when certain actions taken by representatives of an organization deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance?
discriminatory practices or policies
Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that people aged 65 or more will soon outnumber those aged 5 or less. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends?
dwindling labor supply
jeffs company developed corporate programs to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse employees so they could "fit in." During which period of time did Jeff start working for his employers?
early 1980s
Falling interest rates are an example of what external force?
economic change
The ________ Act makes it a crime in the United States to engage in stealth of a trade secret.
economic espionage
The final step in the strategic management process is
effectiveness of the strategies used
Managers offer ________ to employees who want to talk to someone about their problems.
employee counseling
