Exam 3 psychology

You study something until you are confident that you will remember it. Then what?

Even if you are able to repeat it now, you underestimate how much you will forget.

People read a list of words including PENDULUM. Later they are shown something like __E__D__L__M and they try to fill in the missing letters. What is unusual about this method of testing memory?

Even people who cannot remember the words on the list show signs of memory by this test.

When you are studying something, how could you increase your depth of processing?

Think about how it relates to other things you know and care about.

Remembering a specific event in your life is _____ memory. Remembering a fact or principle is _____ memory.

episodic....semantic

What is anterograde amnesia?

inability to form new long-term memories

When you memorize a list of words, which words are you are most likely to remember?

those at the beginning and end of the list.

In what way is identifying a suspect from a lineup similar to taking a multiple choice test?

Both are a form of a recognition memory test.

What was Hermann Ebbinghaus's contribution to the study of memory?

He was the first to do experiments to measure memory

Comparing several methods of testing memory leads to which of these conclusions?

People might or might not remember something, depending on how we test them.

When you are asked how something would look from a different angle, you say you "imagined rotating the object in my head." What evidence did Shepard & Metzler present to show that what you did really is like watching an object rotate?

The delay to answering is proportional to the angular distance of rotation.

You want to remember a shopping list of 9 items. To aid memory, you group them as 3 fruits, 3 vegetables, and 3 dairy items. This strategy makes use of

chunking

Your history professor gives you a list of the initials of all the U.S. presidents and vice presidents and asks you to fill in the names. What kind of memory test is this?

cued recall

People with amnesia typically have problems with __________ memories while __________ memories remain intact.

declarative; procedural

Memory of a specific experience such as graduating from high school is known as

episodic memory

If asked to tell your social security number (without looking it up), you are being asked to perform which type of memory test?

free recall

What is retrograde amnesia?

loss of memories that formed before a certain event

After the neurological patient H.M. suffered damage to his hippocampus, he experienced a severe loss in his __________, but continued to be almost normal in his __________.

memory for new facts...ability to learn new skills

You are given a list of grocery items to remember to purchase on your trip to the store. These items are; apples, bread, celery, lettuce, grapes, and onions. According to the recency effect, what item are you most likely to remember?

onions

One unusual feature of implicit memory is that

people can display implict memory without realizing that they are using memory.

When you remember how to tie your shoes, what type of memory is this?

procedural

After you witness a robbery, you have trouble describing the thief. The police show you several photographs and ask whether any of them was the thief. They are checking your memory by which method?

recognition

Mnemonic devices are most useful in helping people to do what?

remember a list of unrelated words

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

remembering what happened your first day of elementary school

First you memorized the street map of Detroit. If you now memorize the street map of Philadelphia, you might forget the Detroit map because of

retroactive interference

You cannot remember the geography you learned in junior high school. Someone tests whether you can relearn it faster than you learned it the first time. Which type of memory test is this?

savings

Your memory of the rules of basketball or golf is a type of

semantic memory

Someone asks you what time it is. You check your watch and answer. A few seconds later, after you have been distracted, someone asks what time you said it was. You have forgotten. According to the traditional information-processing view, what type of memory was this?

short term

To improve your probability of performing a learned skill well, or your probability of remembering something in a variety of circumstances, you should

study or practice under a variety of conditions.

John needed to remember the last 10 presidents of the United States. He generated an image of each of the presidents located somewhere in his house. John used

the method of loci

In the traditional information-processing model, one difference between short-term memory and long-term memory is that

you forget many short-term memories almost as soon as your attention is distracted; long-term memories can be available for much longer periods of time.