LabFinal
A MoM > 2-2.5 should be
(abnormal) f/u w/ US of amniotic fluid & acetylcholinesterase
In Pt's w/ nonischemic presentation, a ypical serial order set to r/I or r/o an AMI, would include
0 hour blood draw (presentation) 3-6h Additional 9-12 hr if earlier measurements are normal
Stage 1 HTN
130-139/80-89
Cholesteryl ester Phospholipids Triacylglycerols Cholesterol
4 maj lipid classes present in lipoproteins
genetic change of immature myeloid cell turning cell into a CML
BCR-ABL (FISH testing)
AGE, gender obesity & RENAL function can affect? Ex. all ages: best negative predictive value 300 ng/L
BNP and NT-proBNP
assoc w/ elevated serum glucaon migratory erythema, glucose intolerance, wt loss, DVT, depression
Beta Cell timor (Insulinoma)
Tumor size increases and so does sensitivity. Not Specific to pancreatic CA since you need the Lewis blood group antigen for expression; no antigen no expression
Biomarker - CA 19-9
Prediction of disease course stage, & post tx f/u but screeining using this is controversial
PSA (prostate specific antigen)
test to measure factors 1,2,5,7,10 warfarin dose liver damage, VitK status
PT - prothrombin time
the type of lipoprotein made primarily by liver cells to transport lipids to various tissues in the body for oxidation & adipose for storage.
VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)
Top 3 sx of Pancreatic CA: (no screening test - silent until mets are found)
pain, jaundice, wt loss
The proliferation, or growth and multiplication, of white blood cells and their precursors in the bone marrow—and presence in the blood
part of the leukemia definition that serves to distinguish many leukemias from many lymphomas
When is hCG detectable?
8-11 days after conception
Stage 2 HTN
>139 OR >89
HTN crisis
>180 or >120
ABD Pain Characteristic rad findings Elevated lipase or amylase 2/3 to dx what?
Acute pancreatitis
clinically significant when they produce enough insulin to induce hypOglycemia
Alpha cell tumors (Glucagonaoma)
_________ responsible more death/admits in US than any other disease (1/7 deaths)
CVD
AST, Total CK, CK-MB isoforms, Myoglobin, LD or LDH, LD isoenzymes should NOT be used to evaluate...
Cardiac disease
Predominant lipids in LDL & HDL
Cholesterol & phopholipids
the class of lipoproteins that transport lipids from the intestinal cells to the rest of the body derived from intestinal absorption of triacylglycerol & other lipids
Chylomicrons
4 gropus of plasma lipoproteins
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
typically assoc w/ DM related sx. diarrhea, steatorrhea, cholelithiasis, & wt loss MC found in the duodenum/jejunum more than the pancreas
Delta Cell tumors (Somatostatinoma)
Most sensitive test to dx Chronic pancreatitis?
ERCP (duodenal intubation)
tumors of the pancreatic islets that secrete gastrin increased gastric secretion, diarrhea, & malabsorption. MC pancreas>duodenum
Gastrinoma
adding H+ atoms to unsat fat to make it a solid
Hydrogenation
Aplastic anemia, infiltrated marrow (CA), drugs (chemo/NSAIDs) Vit B12 or folate deficiency can all be causes of what?
Leukopenia (low WBC count)
liberate the fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride
Lipases that degrade tryglyceride moledule in the GI tract
Islet cell tumors (endocrine tumor)
Most common benign tumor of the pancreas
blood/bone marrow diseases where too many WBCs are made
Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases
at 15-22wks pregnant women should be screened for
NTD, trisomy 21 & 18
1/2 of men in their 60's have?
low androgen levels (male gondal disfunction)
Elevated HTN
SBP 120-129 AND DBP <80
Fatty acid carbons bound to as much H+ as possible. NO double bonds, solid at room temp, MOST animals,
Sat Fat
AVD testing: The triglyceride is elevated above baseline and you believe the LDL is falsely low, what happened?
The pt did not fast
NO double bonds, flat, unlinked Produced by incomplete hydrogenation
Trans Fat
Prdeominant lipid in chylomicrons & VLDL
Triacylglycerols
Forms complex that regulates interaction of actin/myosin to regulate cardiac contracton
Trop T (tropmyosin) Trop I (inhibitory) Trop C (Ca2+ binding)
Fewer H+ bound to carbon. DOUBLE BONDED w/ Kinks in the tails. Liquid at room temp. Most plant fats (OILS)
Unsat Fat
Associate nonpolar lipids w/ amphipathic lipds (phospholipids & cholesterol) & proteins.
Water-miscible lipoproteins
Most common tipe of pancreatic exocrine tumor? Most commonly formed where?
adenocarcinoma exocrine cell in pancratic ducts
Highly sensitive MAB immunoassays have been developed for _______ & ________. ex. HTN can cause dame to heart, producing an elevated level of this. But hospitalization is not necessary.
cTnI & cTnT
normal BP range
less than 120/80
Dx marker for CaP
free PSA to total PSA levels correlate w/ prostate size. confirm elevated levels q 2-3 mo
TP52, PTEN, STK11, & CDH1 are linked to mutations from
highly penetrating forms of hereditary BrCA
Who should be offered genetic testing for breast CA mutations?
personal/fam hx of BrCA Suspicious for hereditary breast/ovarian CA syndrome women @ risk of fam w/ known deleterious mutations
Vit K deficiencies, warfarin therapy & malabsorption can all cause
prolonged PT