Exam 3 Questions OCN SUST

Ancient Egyptian jobs and religion were based around the seasons. Match the ancient Egyptian seasons with the modern calendar months.

1. Agriculture Season (Beret):B January through April 2. Harvest Season (Shomu):C June through August 3. Flood Season (Akht):A September through December

What is the correct sequence of events that contributed to the Younger Dryas? A. The slowing or stopping of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) which transports heat from the tropics B. Partially fresh water from the Arctic mixing with the Atlantic Ocean C. A 1,000 year long drought D. The melting of glacial dams containing Agassiz Lake E. The melting of the Laurentide ice sheet F. A mega flood of fresh water running into the Arctic Ocean

1:E 2:D 3:F 4:B 5:A 6:C

What evidence is there for the Green Sahara (select all that apply)?

A. A mega lake in the Sahara larger than the great lakes combined B. Saharan dust flux from deep-sea sediment cores C. Pollen from grasses and sedges in sediment core records D. Detailed ancient artwork depicting hippos and giraffes

What contributed to the desertification of the Sahara (select all that apply)?

A. A shift in Earth's natural orbital cycles B. Cooling of the northern hemisphere C. A southward shift of the monsoons

Why is Göbekli Tepe so important? Select all that apply.

A. It may provide a connection to the development of written language B. The artwork features the human form rather than just animals D. It shows collaboration between different HFG groups as a communal ritual site

What contributed to sedentary behavior in Mesoamerica ~ 9,000 years ago?

A. Large, migratory herd animals disappeared

What new technologies helped to support ancient Egypt's agriculture (select all that apply)?

A. New ways of record-keeping, such as calendars and the use of papyrus B. The nilometer to measure the depth of the Nile C. Water-lifting devices such as the shadoof and the noria D. Irrigation canals, dams, dikes, and water storage facilities

How did the advent of agriculture radically change human cultural evolution? Select all that apply.

A. People began to see themselves as caretakers of the world rather than part of nature. B. People began to value and take ownership of objects and property. D. A food surplus allowed for advancements in technology, arts, and trade.

Paleoenvironmental records from Mesoamerican lake sediment cores show that (select all that apply):

A. Precipitation increased between 12,000-9,000 years ago C. Forbs dominated until ~9,000 years ago

What happened during the "4.2k event"?

A. There was a shift in climate that led to aridification of the region B. There was a decline in rainfall C. The amount of water flowing in the rivers declined.

How did civilizations adapt to the unpredictable floodings of the rivers?

A. They built large reservoir dams to store water. B. They used water lifts to transport water to flood furrowed fields. C. They used sluices and diversion ditches to drain fields.

Why is it important to understand the cause and impacts of the Younger Dryas? Select all that apply.

A. To know that climate changes can occur quickly B. To understand the sustainability and survival of human civilization C. To predict the impact of current continental ice melt D. To understand the transition to agriculture in our ancestral history

The Natufians (select all that apply)

A. were egalitarian hunter-gatherers B. lived in the Levant region C. developed the first sedentary society D. lived 13,000 - 10,500 years ago in the Mesolithic

Why has the Nile River remained in the same place for 30 million years?

B. A magma hot spot in Earth's interior creates a slope from Ethiopia to the Mediterranean Sea.

Times when the summer monsoons were less intense at the Blue Nile in Ethiopia (upstream river that flows into the Nile) led to (select all that apply):

B. Famine and instability C. Civil unrest and political turnover E. A lack of fertile black silt in soil

What allowed for sedentary behavior?

C. A novel behavior of manipulating the environment to get resources D. A warmer, more stable climate E. Dependable access to wild game and plants

What was NOT an impact of the Agricultural Revolution?

C. More diverse diets

Which statement is false?

D. Around the world, beer was discovered accidentally while people were collecting grains to make bread.

What is the paradox of farming/food production?

D. Farming communities were less well nourished than HFGs because human population densities rose slightly more steeply than did the availability of food.

Ancient Egyptian farmers experienced the same soil salinization problems as the Sumerians.

False

Cuneiform is a type of building structure.

False

Mesopotamia is a Greek term that means "the land between rivers". The two rivers were the Nile River and Euphrates River.

False

Over 80% of the water in the Nile River comes from the White Nile River originating at Lake Victoria 3,000 miles away.

False

Sedentism, or staying in one place rather than moving with the seasons, was the result of the development of agriculture

False

The African Humid Period, or Green Sahara, ~11,000 to 5,000 years ago, was an isolated event that occurred only once in the past 8 million years.

False

The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a band of rainfall in the tropics that is located farther south in the northern hemisphere summer than in the winter and is responsible for summer monsoons in India.

False

The Uruk model of city-states included houses that were spread out throughout the city. Each house had its own garden that they harvested. This model lacked walls that provided protection against enemies.

False

The benefits of farming were so abundant and apparent that HFGs switched to farming immediately when the technology was developed.

False

The relative scale of environmental manipulation was equivalent for HFGs and farming/herding communities.

False

The transition to sedentism led to more community or tribe-oriented societies with less social hierarchy.

False

There was an area within the Fertile Crescent where most of the technological advancements occurred called the Garden Square.

False

What is the correct sequence of events?

Hunter-fisher-gatherer, semitism, farming

Studies of mouse molars from wild versus house mice revealed that:

Hunter-gatherers alternated between nomadic and sedentary lifestyles for thousands of years before settling into agriculture.

What are the Milankovitch cycles?

The cycle of changes in Earth's wobble, tilt, and orbit

An agricultural society dependent on the rivers made them vulnerable to enemies who were situated upstream

True

Large volcanic eruptions cause droughts in monsoon areas by releasing sulfurous gases and aerosols into the stratosphere which reflect solar radiation.

True

The Younger Dryas was a small ice age that occured 13,000 years ago and lasted for 1,000 years.

True

The south-easterly winds during the summer monsoon bring moist air from the ocean towards East Africa, thus causing heavy rainfall in Ethiopia from June to September.

True

The three Intermediate Periods in the history of ancient Egypt mark the collapse of Egyptian governments (the Old, Middle, and then New Kingdom) caused by natural cycles of drought.

True -The Intermediate Periods did follow and mark the collapse of the Kingdoms. They were caused by the instability and famine from natural drought cycles.