exam 4

Warm and cold-sensitive neurons are located in what part of the brain? Choose the correct option.

Anterior hypothalamus

Which of the following describes the ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome? Choose the correct option.

Hypothalamic lesions that cause overeating and obesity

Several brain structures besides the amygdala have effects on aggression. These structures include which of the following? Choose the correct option.

Hypothalamus and midline periaqueductal gray matter

What is the most common symptom of amygdala lesions in humans? Choose the correct option.

Inability to recognize the facial expression of fear

Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits what response in humans? Choose the correct option.

Increased anxiety and fear.

What is the consequence of leptin deficiency? Choose the correct option

Increased feeding behavior and decreased metabolism; increased MCH in the lateral hypothalamic area; and increased NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus

at is the consequence of leptin deficiency? Choose the correct option.

Increased feeding behavior and decreased metabolism; increased MCH in the lateral hypothalamic area; and increased NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus

Which neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus respond to an increase in blood leptin levels? Choose the correct option

MSH and CART-containing neurons

Which neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus respond to an increase in blood leptin levels? Choose the correct option.

MSH and CART-containing neurons

Vervet monkeys were injected with drugs that either increased or decreased serotonergic activity. These experiments showed which of the following about the relationship between serotonin and aggression? Choose the correct option.

More aggression is associated with less serotonergic activity

Which of the following statements reflects the argument against a discrete emotion system? Choose the correct option

Solid evidence indicates that some structures involved in emotion are also involved in other functions

Which of the following statements reflects the argument against a discrete emotion system? Choose the correct option.

Solid evidence indicates that some structures involved in emotion are also involved in other functions.

Hypothalamic neurons maintain homeostasis by responding to a sensory stimulus with humoral, visceromotor, and somatic motor responses. Which of the following describes the humoral response? Choose the correct option.

Stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones

Insulin levels are maximal during which of the following phases of short-term regulation of feeding behavior? Choose the correct option

Substrate

Which of the following describes satiety signals responsible for short-term regulation of feeding behavior? Choose the correct option

Terminate a meal and inhibit feeding for some time afterwards

Which of the following describes satiety signals responsible for short-term regulation of feeding behavior? Choose the correct option.

Terminate a meal and inhibit feeding for some time afterwards

What led to the belief that anterior thalamus plays an important role in emotion? Choose the correct option.

The observation that lesions in the anterior thalamus led to spontaneous laughing and crying

Which of the following is the process of breaking down complex macromolecules? Choose the correct option.

catabolism

Affective aggression is an attack made against a member of a different species for the purpose of obtaining food.

false

Glycogen reserves are found in adipose tissue

false

Glycogen reserves are found in adipose tissue.

false

CCK is a gastrointestinal peptide and a satiety signal released by cells of the intestines in response to the presence of fatty food.

true

Dopamine-depleted animals appear to lack the motivation to seek food even though they seem to enjoy it when it is available.

true

Empirical evidence shows a clear correlation between androgen levels and aggression.

true

The proposed circuit for learned fear suggests that the autonomic response to a fearful stimulus is mediated by the hypothalamus

true

When the drug PCPA (parachlorophenylalanine) was administered to experimental animals, the injected animals increased their attacks on others in their cage

true

When the drug PCPA (parachlorophenylalanine) was administered to experimental animals, the injected animals increased their attacks on others in their cage.

true

When your stomach is full, mechanoreceptors in the stomach wall sense the distension and transmit the sensation to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla via what nerve? Choose the correct option.

vagus

Which of the following describes ghrelin? Choose the correct option

A peptide highly concentrated in the stomach that is released into the bloodstream when the stomach is empty

Information from the sensory systems feeds into which part of the amygdala? Choose the correct option.

Basolateral nuclei

Which of the following is strong evidence linking the amygdala with fear? Choose the correct option

Bilateral amygdalectomy in profoundly reduces fear and aggression.

Which of the following is strong evidence linking the amygdala with fear? Choose the correct option.

Bilateral amygdalectomy in profoundly reduces fear and aggression.

Which of the following represents the humoral response to a drop in leptin levels? Choose the correct option.

Decreased secretion of TSH and ACTH from the pituitary gland

In the proposed neural circuit for learned fear, the state of the ANS is altered by what neural connection? Choose the correct option.

Efferents from the central nucleus of the amygdala project to the hypothalamus

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion? Choose the correct option

Emotional experience can be independent of emotional expression

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion? Choose the correct option.

Emotional experience can be independent of emotional expression

How do neurons of the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) respond to a decrease in blood volume? Choose the correct option

Excite magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete vasopressin and stimulate osmotic thirst

How do neurons of the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) respond to a decrease in blood volume? Choose the correct option.

Excite magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete vasopressin and stimulate osmotic thirst

What is the empirical evidence for the experience of unconscious emotions? Choose the correct option.

Experiments by Arne Öhman, Ray Dolan, and their colleagues showed autonomic responses to angry faces that had not been consciously perceived

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes insipidus? Choose the correct option.

Large volumes of pale watery urine

Anorexia can result from damage to which of the following parts of the brain? Choose the correct option.

Lateral hypothalamus

Which of the following structures is associated with predatory aggression? Choose the correct option.

Lateral hypothalamus

Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus that receive a direct projection from leptin-sensitive cells in the arcuate nucleus contain which of the following peptide neurotransmitters? Choose the correct option.

MCH and orexin

5-HT1B receptors are found in which of the following structures? Choose the correct option.

Raphe nuclei, amygdala, PAG and the basal ganglia

What is the behavior of mice lacking 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors? Choose the correct option.

Unusually anxious

Serotonin levels in the hypothalamus spike during a meal, especially in response to carbohydrates.

True