EXAM 4

Australopithecines existed from Select one: 4.5-1mya 10-5mya 12.5-4mya 8-3mya

4.5-1mya

Which of the following is not a species of Australopithecus Select one: A. aethiopicus A. bahrelghazali A. robustus A. floresiensis

A. floresiensis

Why is the "Taung Baby" still known as Australopithecus africanus, even though it is now classified as a hominid? Select one: The rules of scientific nomenclature require that first-used names stick, even if they later prove to be descriptively inaccurate Dart's relatives will not let the name be changed Some scientists still think the "Tuang Baby" is an ape It would be a pain to change all those textbooks

The rules of scientific nomenclature require that first-used names stick, even if they later prove to be descriptively inaccurate

Lucy probably lived in Select one: the forest a mixed forest and bushland area the desert the bushland

a mixed forest and bushland area

The habitats in sub-Sahara Pliocene Africa did not include Select one: savanna gallery forest boreal forest open woodland

boreal forest

Australopithecus garhi is important because Select one: they were the first confirmed tool users they ate meat they had unusually large brains both a and b

both a and b

The importance of the kind of trees found in a tropical rainforest is that they Select one: provide lots of shade keep out large animals are resistant to decay create their own weather

create their own weather

According to Daniel Lieberman, the most likely explanation for the evolution of bipedalism is Select one: freeing the hands for tools speed compared to other primates the ability to see over tall grass energy savings

energy savings

Homo habilis has Select one: a very long cranium a brain twice the size of Australopithecines ape-like brain size expansion of the frontal lobe

expansion of the frontal lobe

Robust australopithecine teeth have Select one: large surface area and deep linear scratches extensive pitted wear with chips of enamel missing highly polished flat surfaces very thick enamel and concave wear

extensive pitted wear with chips of enamel missing

The valgus angle is related to the orientation of the Select one: vertebral column pelvis neck femur

femur

Evidence for Australopithecine habitats and diets does not come from Select one: fossilized plant remains pollen dental wear fossilized animal remains

fossilized pants remains

Which of the following is NOT a condition conducive to the preservation of organic remains? Select one: heavy accumulation of fallen leaves each autumn cold and dry conditions at high altitudes extreme dryness lack of oxygen around the remains

heavy accumulation of fallen leaves each autumn

Prognathism in australopithecines is Select one: about the same as chimpanzees about the same as gorillas nearly the same as modern humans intermediate between chimpanzees and humans

intermediate between chimpanzees and humans

Australopithecines had a pelvic structure that Select one: indicates only partial adoption of bipedalism is very different from ours resembles a chimpanzee's is nearly identical to ours

is nearly identical to ours

Encephalization quotients Select one: indicate intelligence are higher in primates than other mammals predict ability to do complex association tasks both a and b

predict ability to do complex association tasks

Rick Potts suggests that the impetus for the transition to humans was Select one: the expansion of the Sahara rapidly fluctuating environments steady cooling of the planet the expansion of savannas in Africa

rapidly fluctuating environments

The valgus angle Select one: refers to the angling of the knees toward the midline can only be seen with a scanning electron microscope has to do with the orientation of the chewing muscles is only found in vegetarian hominids

refers to the angling of the knees toward the midline

The majority of Australopithecine anatomy Select one: resembles that of chimpanzees is related to increased intelligence indicates a radical shift in the direction of modern humans is completely different from ancestral primates

resembles that of chimpanzees

Australopithecines had cranial capacities that were Select one: half the size of humans slightly larger than chimps almost the same size as humans twice the size of chimps

slightly larger than chimps

The evidence of bipedalism exhibited by "Lucy" specimen comes from: Select one: the length of the leg the position of the foramen magnum the knee anatomy the foot anatomy

the knee anatomy

According to Ralph Holloway, Australopithecine brains showed an organization like ours based on Select one: the position of the lunate sulcus a very large frontal lobe a large visual cortex emphasis on the temporal lobe

the position of the lunate sulcus

Brain size Select one: has steadily increased in primates over the last 65 million years gives a precise idea of the behavior of a species varies widely in humans is directly related to intelligence

varies widely in humans

The dental macrowear for robust australopithecines suggests that they Select one: were omnivores were carnivores were grinding hard foods ate soft vegetation

were grinding hard foods