Exam 4a
In general, old people tend to be pretty much alike. True/False
False
It is almost impossible for the average old person to learn something new. True/False
False
Men are just as susceptible to osteoporosis as women. True/False
False
Aged drivers have fewer accidents per driver than those under age 65. True/False
True
Older workers have fewer accidents than do younger workers. True/False
True
According to the terminology that demographers use, people at ages 75-84 are called a) old old. b) young old. c) geriatric. d) oldest old.
a
Approximately what percent of people 85 and older have Alzheimer's disease? a) 50% b) 25% c) 75% d) 35%
a
At what age does the period of late adulthood begin? a) 65 b) 75 c) 55 d) 80
a
The term "senescence" is another name for a) primary aging. b) secondary aging. c) outward aging. d) inward aging.
a
What percentage of the elderly has inadequate nutrition and even suffers from hunger in the U.S.? a) 15-50% b) 60-75% c) 10-40% d) 5-25%
a
According to the terminology that demographers use, the age range of 65-74 is called a) old old. b) young old. c) geriatric. d) oldest old.
b
One out of every ____ people in the U.S. is 65 years of age or older. a) 10 b) 8 c) 15 d) 5
b
The most common sexual practice of late adulthood is _____________. a) sexual intercourse b) masturbation c) frottage d) abstinence from all sexual activity
b
What is the term for a progressive brain disorder that produces loss of memory and confusion? a) dementia b) Alzheimer's disease c) drug intoxication d) a stroke
b
Approximately how many deaths are a result of Alzheimer's disease annually in the U.S.? a) 150,000 b) 50,000 c) 100,000 d) 75,000
c
Drug therapy to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease focuses on the loss of the neurotransmitter a) serotonin. b) dopamine. c) acetylcholine. d) ribonucleic acid.
c
Memories from one's own life are called a) visual memories. b) implicit memories. c) autobiographical memories. d) explicit memories.
c
Sophia is a 98-year-old woman who still lives independently, has no major illnesses, and is able to take daily walks to the local grocery store. Which of the following best describes Sophia's functional age? a) oldest old b) old old c) young old d) geriatric
c
What are the two major factors that determine whether or not an elderly person can engage in sexual activity? a) family approval and personal sexual history b) participation in an exercise program, and whether they have an available partner c) good physical and mental health and previous sexual activity d) the level of testosterone in males, and estrogen in females
c
Which type of memory capacity changes during old age, and especially slips around age 70? a) long-term memory b) implicit memory c) short-term memory d) episodic memory
c
_____________ are the tiny areas at the tip of chromosomes that grow shorter each time a cell divides and eventually disappear, ending cell replication. a) Genes b) Cells c) Telomeres d) Rapamycin
c
______________, which combines declining memory, lessened intellectual abilities, and impaired judgment, is the most common mental disorder among older people. a) Psychosis b) Amnesia c) Dementia d) Schizophrenia
c
Evidence for the ______________ theory of aging is the finding that human cells can only divide successfully around 50 times. a) environmental determinism b) wear-and-tear c) gradual decline d) genetic programming
d
In the final stage of Alzheimer's disease, people a) lose olfactory buds. b) have trouble recalling particular words during conversation. c) demonstrate unusual forgetfulness. d) lose voluntary control of their muscles and are bedridden.
d
Which eye disease is caused by changes in the physical apparatus of the eye in older people? a) conjunctivitis b) presbycusis c) tinnitus d) macular degeneration
d
Which of the following is a leading cause of death in elderly people? a) auto accidents b) broken bones c) Alzheimer's disease d) stroke
d
Which of the following is a potentially disabling disease that causes painful inflammation and swelling of one or more joints? a) hypertension b) high blood pressure c) Alzheimer's disease d) arthritis
d
Which of the following is a term for prejudice and discrimination directed at older people? a) oldest old b) young old c) old old d) ageism
d
Which of the following is the term for cloudy or opaque areas on the lens of the eye that interfere with the passing of light? a) glaucoma b) myopia c) age-related macular degeneration d) cataracts
d
Which of the following is true regarding brain development and aging? a) The brain becomes smaller but denser and more efficient. b) The brain grows, taking up double the amount of space between the brain and the skull. c) The structure, function, and number of neurons in the brain are significantly reduced. d) Blood flow to the brain is reduced within the brain, and less glucose and oxygen are used.
d
Which of the following reflect internal changes due to aging? a) The heart's capacity to pump blood through the circulatory system to the brain is increased and more efficient due to the hardening and shrinking of blood vessels. b) The reduction in gray matter makes the aging brain less efficient. c) The respiratory system is more efficient with age. d) The digestive system is less efficient pushing food through the system, which leads to constipation.
d
Which of the theories promotes the existence of a "death gene" that is programmed to direct the body to deteriorate and die? a) wear-and-tear theories b) inevitable death theories c) life expectancy theories d) genetic programming theories of aging
d
At least one-tenth of the aged are living in long-stay institutions (such as nursing homes, mental hospitals, and homes for the aged). True/False
False
Drivers over the age of 70 have fewer fatal accidents per mile than teenagers. True/False
False
Elderly people do not contract sexually transmitted diseases. True/False
False
Hearing aids can be helpful in compensating for hearing loss in 100% of the elderly. True/False
False
Older adults usually have difficulty maintaining their standing in rigorous college classes. True/False
False
Older workers usually cannot work as effectively as younger workers. True/False
False
Research indicates that memory loss in old age is an inevitable part of aging. True/False
False
The elderly display the same behavioral symptoms of a psychological disorder as young adults. True/False
False
The elderly population shows a higher percentage of psychological disorders than young adults. True/False
False
The majority of old people (age 65 and older) have defective memory, are disoriented, or are demented. True/False
False
The majority of old people are socially isolated. True/False
False
The majority of old people are unable to adapt to change. True/False
False
The majority of old people have no interest in, nor capacity for, sexual relations. True/False
False
The percentage of people over the age of 65 is projected to decline by the year 2050. True/False
False
The population explosion of the oldest old is limited to the United States. True/False
False
The triggers for Alzheimer's disease have been uncovered by researchers. True/False
False
Ageism directed toward people in late adulthood may be considered a peculiarly modern and Western cultural phenomenon. True/False
True
Aging affects a person's ability to hear higher frequencies. True/False
True
By 2050, the number of adults worldwide over age 60 will exceed the number of people under the age of 15 for the first time in history. True/False
True
Demographers have taken to dividing their measurements of the elderly population by age. True/False
True
Gerontologists suspect that the lifespan can be increased to approximately 120 years before some major genetic alteration in humans is necessary to extend life. True/False
True
Hearing aids make it difficult for wearers to separate what they want to hear from other sounds, such as background noise. True/False
True
Hearing loss in the elderly can hasten cognitive decline. True/False
True
It is suggested that older people's perception of time is different than that of younger people because of the way the brain coordinates the internal time clock. True/False
True
K. Warner Schaie's sequential studies research suggests that there is no uniform pattern in adulthood of age-related changes across all intellectual abilities. True/False
True
Many elderly do not get sufficient exercise to receive the benefits of exercise, such as increased muscle strength and flexibility, reduced blood pressure, and reduced risk of heart attack. True/False
True
Old people usually take longer to learn something new. True/False
True
Older people tend to react slower than do younger people. True/False
True
Over three-fourths of the aged are healthy enough to carry out their normal activities. True/False
True
Physical strength tends to decline in old age. True/False
True
Societal expectations in the United States present negative attitudes toward the elderly being sexually active, which is not necessarily true in other cultures and societies. True/False
True
Testosterone declines during adulthood. True/False
True
The Road Scholar program is the largest educational program for people in late adulthood. True/False
True
The five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell) all tend to weaken in old age. True/False
True
The majority of old people say they are seldom bored. True/False
True
The most common form of dementia is called Alzheimer's disease. True/False
True
The notion that older people become less cognitively adept arose from misinterpretations of research evidence comparing younger and older people's performance on the same IQ test, using cross-sectional methods. True/False
True
Because the elderly begin to lose their sensitivity to taste and smell, they begin to do which of the following? a) eat less b) eat more, because they don't remember what they ate c) experience healthy levels of weight loss d) lose the ability to determine when food is spoiled and suffer more food poisoning
a
Maria is a 65-year-old woman who has difficulty managing simple everyday tasks because of the painful swelling of the joints in her hands. Maria is likely diagnosed with a) arthritis. b) high blood pressure. c) Alzheimer's disease. d) hypertension.
a
Muriel is an 86-year-old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness, especially with recent memories. She has trouble recalling the names of her best friends when they call on the phone, and she worries that she may have a form of dementia called a) Alzheimer's disease. b) Huntington's disease. c) schizophrenia. d) Parkinson's disease.
a
Prejudice and discrimination directed at older people is called ______________. a) ageism b) stereotyping c) gerontology d) senescence
a
The goal of most professionals is not only to extend the life span of older adults but to expand the _____________. a) active life span b) intelligence levels of their caretakers c) amount of time in nursing homes d) religious observances of the elderly
a
The term primary aging refers to physical and cognitive changes due to ______________. a) the biological passage of time b) illness or health problems c) behavioral choices and habits d) individual differences
a
The theories that the mechanical functions of the body simply wear out with age are called the a) wear-and-tear theories. b) inevitable death theories. c) life expectancy theories. d) genetic programming theories of aging.
a
The wear-and-tear theories of aging argue that the body constantly manufactures energy and creates ___________, which eventually reach(es) such high levels as to impair the body's normal functioning. a) by-products b) radiation c) diseases d) toxins
a
What portion of older people has hypertension, or high blood pressure? a) one-third b) one-half c) one-fifth d) two-thirds
a
Which of the following are contributors to developing Alzheimer's disease? a) predisposed genetic inheritance b) a diet rich in protein c) vegetarian diets d) increased stress level
a
Which of the following aspects of memory loss involving information processing deficits has received the most research support? a) Memory declines due to changes in the ability to pay attention to and organize tasks involving memory skills. b) People in late adulthood have a different ability to inhibit irrelevant information and thoughts, which interfere with learning and recalling memorized information. c) The speed at which the elderly process information becomes slower, and perhaps contributes to slow reaction times in retrieving memories. d) The elderly suffer neuron loss, which inhibits their ability to hold and retrieve information.
a
Which of the following contributes to a person getting osteoporosis? a) insufficient exercise earlier in life b) thickening of the bones due to too much protein and calcium intake earlier in life c) improper posture throughout life d) increases in estrogen in women following menopause
a
Which of the following cultural factors has been found to play a role in delaying intellectual decline? a) marriage to an intelligent spouse b) dissatisfaction with one's accomplishments c) an inflexible personality style d) a changing socioeconomic status
a
Which of the following is considered an age-related change in the physical apparatus of the eye of an elderly person? a) the retina of a 60-year-old person receives a third as much light as a 20-year-old person b) the optic nerve becomes more efficient in transmitting nerve impulses to the brain c) the lens of the eye becomes thinner and more transparent d) the elderly are less able to distinguish colors
a
Which of the following is the definition of "old old"? a) some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities b) healthy and active c) frail and in need of care d) geriatric
a
Which of the following is the term for when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases either because it cannot be drained properly or too much fluid is produced? a) glaucoma b) myopia c) age-related macular degeneration d) cataracts
a
Which vision disease, if diagnosed early, can be treated with medication, lasers, and in some cases, a diet rich in antioxidant vitamins? a) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) b) myopia c) glaucoma d) cataracts
a
While the store of information, skills, and strategies that people have acquired during life holds steady, the ability to deal with new problems and situations, called ______________ intelligence, declines with age. a) fluid b) emotional c) crystallized d) creative
a
Wilma is a 65-year-old woman who has chronic pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and recently suffered a stroke. She relies on relatives and caretakers to help her on a daily basis, even with some of her most basic tasks. Which of the following best describes Wilma's functional age? a) oldest old b) old old c) young old d) geriatric
a
Alzheimer's patients make up _______ of the people living in nursing homes. a) one-fourth b) two-thirds c) two-fifths d) one-third
b
Changes in physical functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual differences, but which are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable, are called a) primary aging. b) secondary aging. c) outward aging. d) inward aging.
b
Deron is a 68-year-old man who smoked most of his life and is now battling asthma. He struggles to complete some of his daily activities; otherwise, he is able to live an independent, full life. Which of the following best describes Deron's functional age? a) oldest old b) old old c) young old d) geriatric
b
Donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Razadyne), rivastigmine (Exelon), and tacrine (Cognex) are among the common drugs prescribed to treat a) Huntington's disease. b) Alzheimer's disease. c) schizophrenia. d) Parkinson's disease.
b
In which of the following countries are the elderly likely to show less memory loss? a) United States b) China c) Italy d) Canada
b
Memories that are related to specific life experiences, such as recalling the events of a vacation, are called a) life memories. b) episodic memories. c) semantic memories. d) visual memories.
b
On average, senior citizens spend almost ____% of their total expenditures on healthcare, which is more than twice the amount spent by younger individuals. a) 25 b) 13 c) 30 d) 10
b
One lifestyle factor that has been shown to be effective in slowing the changes associated with aging is ______________. a) vegetarianism b) physical exercise c) meditation d) an optimistic attitude
b
One of the major determinants of whether older people will engage in sexual activity is ______________. a) sexual curiosity b) previous regular sexual activity c) absence of inhibition d) physical attractiveness
b
Research suggests that, with age, regular exercise contributes to which of the following? a) less loss of muscle fiber b) increased bone fractures c) worse performance on mental tests and increase in brain tissue d) cognitive loss
b
Short-term memory slips gradually until _______, when the decline becomes more pronounced. a) middle age b) age 70 c) age 80 d) age 90
b
The ______________ of autobiographical memory holds that people tend to recall pleasant memories more readily than unpleasant ones. a) sunshine effect b) Pollyanna principle c) shining light d) Disney effect
b
The cumulative cost of medical care during late adulthood is now put at about _________ for the average 65-year-old couple. a) $100,000 b) $200,000 c) $500,000 d) $1,000,000
b
The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is susceptible to experience is called a) learning. b) plasticity. c) life experience. d) intellectual functioning.
b
The idea that memory declines may be due to changes in the ability to pay attention to and organize tasks involving memory is an example of a(n) ______________ that may affect memory. a) environmental factor b) information processing deficit c) biological factor d) genetic tendency
b
The notion that the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and brain become less efficient with age is called a) dendrite/axon theory. b) peripheral slowing hypothesis. c) generalized slowing hypothesis. d) decreased myelination theory.
b
The researcher Timothy Salthouse suggests that if people are mentally active all of their lives, they enter late adulthood with a) a higher IQ. b) a "cognitive reserve" that allows them to continue to perform at a relatively high mental level. c) learned practice skills that help the elderly "use it or lose it." d) the knowledge of how to find and take advantage of adequate or proper mental stimulation.
b
The theory suggesting that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system with increasing age is called a) pulmonary hardening theory. b) peripheral slowing hypothesis. c) generalized slowing hypothesis. d) decreased myelination theory.
b
What is the term for the average age of death for members of a population? a) cohort effect b) life expectancy c) peer group expectancy d) theory of aging
b
What percentage of adults between the ages of 65 and 74 has some degree of hearing loss? a) 25% b) 30% c) 50% d) 75%
b
What percentage of people over the age of 65 shows some symptoms of a psychological disorder? a) 10% to 20% b) 15% to 25% c) 25% to 30% d) 30% to 50%
b
When the production of the protein beta amyloid precursor protein, which normally produces neurons, goes awry and produces clumps of cells that trigger inflammation and deterioration of nerve cells, this is called a) Huntington's disease. b) Alzheimer's disease. c) schizophrenia. d) Parkinson's disease.
b
Which of the following best describes the meaning of "functional age"? a) cognitive functioning b) physical and psychological well-being c) emotional/behavioral functioning d) how well people recuperate from illness
b
Which of the following is considered a group or part of functional age? a) middle young b) young old c) old young d) oldest older
b
Which of the following is considered an expert who studies aging? a) genealogist b) gerontologist c) oncologist d) endocrinologist
b
Which of the following is the definition of "young old"? a) some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities b) healthy and active c) frail and in need of care d) senior citizen
b
Which of the following is the most common mental disorder of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning? a) glaucoma b) dementia c) Alzheimer's disease d) schizoaffective disorder
b
Which of the following people is most likely to show the symptoms of dementia? a) 63-year-old Caucasian b) 85-year-old African American c) 64-year-old Hispanic American d) 67-year-old Asian American
b
Which of the theories promotes the idea, based upon the survival of the species, that a long life after the reproductive years is unnecessary? a) wear-and-tear theories b) genetic programming theories of aging c) life expectancy theories d) inevitable death theories
b
Which of the theories promotes the view that the cells of the body can only duplicate a certain number of times, and that the genetic instructions for running the body can be read only a certain number of times before they become illegible? a) wear-and-tear theories b) genetic programming theories of aging c) life expectancy theories d) inevitable death theories
b
Which sensory decline is likely to have the most negative effect on the social lives of older people? a) vision b) hearing c) smell d) taste
b
________________ is a well-known program that provides educational programs for older adults. a) Older-but-Smarter b) Road Scholar c) Travel Master d) E-Training
b
72-year-old Angelo is demonstrating the following symptoms: serious memory loss, lessened intellectual ability, and impaired judgment. What diagnosis is Angelo likely to receive from his doctor? a) drug intoxication b) Alzheimer's disease c) dementia d) a stroke
c
A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet, is called a) osteopathy. b) endocrinology. c) osteoporosis. d) rickets.
c
A large generational divide involves the use of technology. People over 65 are less likely to use technology than younger individuals. Which of the following would be considered a barrier as to why people over 65 are less interested and motivated to learn new technology skills? a) physical b) emotional c) cognition d) psychological
c
About one-third of older people have ______________, or high blood pressure. a) arthritis b) immune disease c) hypertension d) coronary disease
c
According to surveys conducted in the U.S., almost ________ of people 65 years old and older rate their health as good, very good, or excellent. a) one-half b) two-thirds c) three-quarters d) one-fourth
c
Age-related memory declines are mostly limited to ______________ memories, while ______________ memories are largely unaffected by age. a) implicit; episodic b) semantic; implicit c) episodic; semantic d) semantic; episodic
c
Elderly people experience a decline in their taste and smell sensitivity because of which of the following? a) They have more and denser taste buds on the tongue. b) They use too much salt on their food. c) The olfactory bulbs on the brain begin to shrivel. d) They often overeat and lose sensitivity to different tastes and textures.
c
Evidence supporting the genetic programming theories of aging comes from research showing that when human cells are permitted to divide in the laboratory, they can do so successfully only around ____ times. a) 100 b) 75 c) 50 d) 65
c
Memories about which people are generally unaware, such as how to ride a bike, are called ______________ memories. a) autobiographical b) episodic c) implicit d) semantic
c
Memories that are related to general facts, such as the names of the capitols of states or addition facts, are called a) factual memories. b) episodic memories. c) semantic memories. d) visual memories.
c
Memory changes in old age are explained by three of the following factors. Which of the following is one of those factors? a) information processing efficiencies that are affected by a person's ability to inhibit relevant information b) poor nutrition, inadequate diet, and inadequate vitamin and supplement intake c) environmental factors such as prescription drugs, life changes in adulthood such as less practiced memory, and low motivation d) biological factors such as brain and body improvements and wellness
c
Physical and cognitive changes in an individual that are due to illness or health habits are referred to as ______________ aging. a) primary b) environmental c) secondary d) traumatic
c
Research shows that ________ declines with age, while ________ remains steady and sometimes improves. a) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence b) information processing; fluid intelligence c) fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence d) crystallized intelligence; information processing
c
Research suggesting that free radicals may cause negative effects on other body cells can be used as evidence for a ______________ theory of aging. a) genetic programming b) gradual decline c) wear-and-tear d) internal self-destruction
c
The goal of professionals such as social services workers is to help senior citizens extend their a) periods between illnesses. b) lives. c) active lifespans. d) mental capabilities.
c
The theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, is less efficient is called a) dendrite/axon theory. b) peripheral slowing hypothesis. c) generalized slowing hypothesis. d) decreased myelination theory.
c
To research intellectual changes, K. Warner Schaie has used sequential studies, which examine ______________. a) different-age groups at one time b) one same-age group over several years c) different age groups at a number of points in time d) randomly selected individuals at one time
c
What are the theories of aging that argue that the body's constant manufacturing of energy creates by-products, which combine with toxins such as radiation, chemical exposure, accidents, and disease, eventually reach such high levels that they impair the body's ability to function normally? a) life expectancy theories b) genetic programming theories of aging c) wear-and-tear theories d) inevitable death theories
c
What is the term for the part of the protective area(s) or tip of the DNA that grow(s) shorter every time the cell divides? a) chromosomes b) ribonucleic acid c) telomeres d) antigen
c
What percentage of adults over the age of 75 has some degree of hearing loss? a) 25% b) 30% c) 50% d) 75%
c
What statement best describes the use of technology by older adults? a) The rate of use of technology remains among the lowest of all age groups. b) People in late adulthood have unusual difficulty with technology because of lack of motor skills in terms of inputting information into a keyboard. c) People in late adulthood are increasingly embracing and using technology. d) Older adults' declining cognitive capabilities largely prevent them from using new technologies.
c
When a cell's _________ has/have just about disappeared, the cell stops replicating, making it susceptible to damage, and producing signs of aging. a) chromosomes b) ribonucleic acid c) telomeres d) antigen
c
When pleasant memories are more likely to be recalled than unpleasant memories, this is called a) implicit memory. b) explicit memory. c) the Pollyanna principle. d) autobiographical memory.
c
Whether an old person is ill or healthy, their health depends upon which of the following? a) toxins in the environment b) only current environmental factors c) psychological factors d) cognitive capabilities
c
Which of the following is a reason why life expectancy has continued to rise for the world's population? a) major alterations in the human genetic code b) increased nutrition and the rise in obesity c) vaccinations and preventive measures against diseases d) improved ranges of leisure activities
c
Which of the following is most likely an example of ageism? a) A younger man offers to hold the grocery bag of an older man fishing for his car keys. b) A younger woman asks an older woman squinting at an airline schedule if she needs help. c) A police officer insists on a vision test for an older man pulled over for a broken tail light. d) A younger woman offers to help an older woman solve a difficult crossword clue.
c
Which of the following is one of the biological factors associated with declines in memory in older people? a) myelination of the frontal lobes of the brain b) an increase in estrogen c) loss of cells in the hippocampus d) information processing deficits
c
Which of the following is related to the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis in women? a) inadequate exercise throughout life b) adequate protein intake throughout life c) drug therapy with such medications as Fosamax d) bone marrow replacement therapy
c
Which of the following is the definition of "oldest old"? a) some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities b) healthy and active c) frail and in need of care d) senior citizen
c
According to the peripheral slowing hypothesis, the increased reaction time of older people is attributable to changes in all the ______________. a) circulatory system, including the heart b) entire nervous system, including the brain c) rate of blood flow in the brain d) nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord
d
According to the terminology that demographers use, age 85 and older is called a) old old. b) young old. c) geriatric. d) oldest old.
d
Aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that, due to genetic programming, occur as people get older is called a) inward aging. b) secondary aging. c) outward aging. d) primary aging.
d
During a geriatrics conference, discussion focused on internal aging, specifically, brain size and cognitive decline. Which of the following summaries is most notable for this discussion? a) The brain will remain the same size and cognitive function can remain the same if the person keeps active. b) Brain structure and cognition will decline slightly. c) Brain structure will drastically be reduced and cognitive functioning will decrease. d) The brain becomes smaller and lighter with age but will retain its structure and function in the absence of disease.
d
Hannah is a strict parent, and does not recall that she got drunk at her senior prom, which does not "fit" with the way she currently views herself. This is an example of a) implicit memory. b) explicit memory. c) autobiographical memory. d) the Pollyanna principle.
d
In which of the following cultures/societies would ageism most likely be seen? a) Asian b) Native American c) African d) Western societies
d
K. Warner Schaie has employed an ongoing study of intelligence in older people using the _________ research method. a) cross-sectional b) longitudinal c) experimental d) sequential studies
d
K. Warner Schaie has used ______________ studies, which examine several different age groups at a number of points in time, to provide the most recent and informative conclusions about changes in intelligence across different ages. a) cohort b) cross-sectional c) longitudinal d) sequential
d
Memories that are related to unconscious information, such as how to ride a bike or boil water, are called a) factual memories. b) episodic memories. c) semantic memories. d) implicit memories.
d
Research indicates that the fastest growing segment of the population is the a) old old. b) young old. c) geriatrics. d) oldest old.
d
The reduced flow of blood to the brain in older people is primarily due to ______________. a) body changes caused by osteoporosis b) the swelling of the brain with aging c) rapid declines in the number of active brain cells d) the lower pumping capacity of the heart
d
The theory that suggests that slowing reaction time is attributable to changes in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, is called the ______________ hypothesis. a) neuronal deceleration b) peripheral slowing c) delayed processing d) generalized slowing
d
Theories that suggest that our body's DNA genetic code contains a built-in time limit for the reproduction of human cells are called a) wear-and-tear theories. b) inevitable death theories. c) life expectancy theories. d) genetic programming theories of aging.
d
What advance has led to the possibility of a longer life span? a) telomere therapy b) unlocking longevity genes c) reducing free radicals through antioxidant drugs d) all of these
d
What is a category of by-product that is produced in the body and has been related to aging? a) carbon dioxide production b) oxygen-deprived ribonucleic acid c) acetylcholine d) free radicals
d
What is the name for the protein that forms the basic fibers of body tissue? a) derma b) ectoderm c) membrane d) collagen
d
When an elderly person demonstrates difficulty with verbal information that is presented quickly, the person is exhibiting problems with _________ memory. a) episodic b) long-term c) implicit d) short-term
d