exam 6

The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers?

Four

The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats?

Four

Which drug may be given to the patient before a double-contrast examination of the stomach to relax the gastrointestinal tract?

Glucagon

The majority of AP, PA, and oblique images taken during a barium enema are done on 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IRs. Where is the IR centered on sthenic patients for the majority of these projections?

Iliac crests

Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine?

Iliac crests

The spleen is located in the _____ of the abdomen.

LUQ

Which projection is used for images made during defecography?

Lateral

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the posterior portions of the colon?

Lateral, ventral decubitus

Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine?

Midcoronal plane

How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination?

No more than 4 inches

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?

PA oblique, LAO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?

PA oblique, RAO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?

PA oblique, RAO

The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection?

PA or AP

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?

Right hypochondrium and epigastrium

In which position should the patient be placed to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?

Sims

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:

barium sulfate.

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the:

cecum.

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

cecum.

The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:

descending colon.

The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to produce and secrete:

digestive juice

One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is:

elimination of motion.

The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is:

enterostomy.

The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the:

haustra.

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:

peristalsis.

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:

right colic flexure.

The gallbladder functions to:

store and concentrate bile.

The respiration phase for all projections of the large intestine is:

suspended respiration.

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal? 1. Mouth and pharynx 2. Stomach and intestine 3. Liver and pancreas

1 and 2

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon? 1. PA oblique, LAO 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. Left lateral

1 and 2

Preparation of the intestinal tract for examination of the colon includes: 1. laxatives. 2. dietary restrictions. 3. cleansing enemas.

1, 2, and 3

Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine? 1. By mouth 2. Reflex filling 3. Enteroclysis

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal? 1. Anus 2. Colon 3. Esophagus

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following can be used to record the fluoroscopic image? 1. TV 2. Cine 3. Video recorders

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? 1. Air 2. Barium sulfate 3. Water-soluble iodinated solution

1, 2, and 3

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? 1. Lateral 2. PA axial 3. AP axial

1, 2, and 3

How far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?

18 to 24 inches

Methods of radiographically examining the colon include: 1. enteroclysis. 2. single contrast. 3. double contrast.

2 and 3

The main functions of the large intestine are: 1. digestion of food. 2. reabsorption of fluids. 3. elimination of waste products.

2 and 3

Which of the following describes the function of the spleen? 1. Produces glucagon 2. Produces lymphocytes 3. Stores and removes dead red blood cells

2 and 3

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? 1. Right lateral 2. AP oblique, LPO 3. PA oblique, RAO

2 and 3

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the images? 1. Stomach 2. Small intestine 3. Large intestine

2 only

Which of the following is true regarding inflation of the retention balloon for a barium enema? 1. It should be inflated by the radiographer using fluoroscopy. 2. It should be inflated by the radiologist using fluoroscopy. 3. It should be inflated by the radiologist without using fluoroscopy.

2 only

How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the rectum?

24 hours

Which of the following demonstrates the rectum and rectosigmoid area in a true axial projection? 1. AP axial 2. Left lateral decubitus 3. Chassard-Lapiné method

3 only

How long is the entire alimentary canal?

30 feet

What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?

30 to 40 degrees caudad

The central-ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is:

30 to 40 degrees cephalad.

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is _____ degrees.

35 to 45

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is _____ degrees.

35 to 45

What is the length of the large intestine?

5 feet

What percentage of the population will have a combination of sthenic and hyposthenic body habitus?

85%

At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine?

A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the medial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, left lateral decubitus

Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, right lateral decubitus

At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area?

ASIS

For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen?

Asthenic