POLSCI CH5

When did American Indians gain American citizenship and the right to vote?

1924.

Mexican American civil rights activists organized protests and boycotts addressing social and economic problems specific to Latinos during the

1960s and 1970s.

When did gays and lesbians begin organizing marches to protest unfair treatment?

1970s

When did the Supreme Court rule that assigning students to schools based on the race of the student is unconstitutional?

2007.

Which group is disproportionately harmed by state voter ID laws?

A. Elderly. B. Urban. C. Poor.

Which of the following was a form of government discrimination against American Indians?

A. Forced assimilation. B. Forcible removal from lands. C. Genocide.

Segregated water fountains and restrooms would be legal under the

A. Jim Crow laws. B. Separate but equal principle

Which of the following is a major concern regarding Arizona's 2010 SB 1070?

A. Law enforcement officers are required to arrest anyone suspected of being in the country illegally who cannot present proper documentation. B. The law basically allows law enforcement officers to target and harass Latinos, including American citizens

Which of the following worked to discriminate against Asians?

A. Naturalization Act of 1790. B. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. C. 1913 California Alien Land Act.

Which of the following is a dimension on which civil rights have been denied?

A. Race. B. Gender. C. Sexual orientation

Which of the following cases was specific to the issue of racial quotas in higher education?

A. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978). B. Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). C. Fisher v. University of Texas (2012).

Civil rights activists formed interest groups, such as the NAACP, to lobby the national government to end

A. Terrorist violence. B. De jure segregation. C. Inequality of opportunity.

Mexicans who became American citizens by virtue of their land being signed over to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) were subjected to

A. The same kinds of violent intimidation faced by Blacks in the South. B. The same kinds of segregation faced by Blacks in the South. C. The same kinds of discrimination faced by Blacks in the South.

Corrective policies that attempt to help racial and ethnic minorities (as well as women) achieve equality in education and the workforce by providing them with advantages in college admissions, hiring, promotion, and the awarding of contracts is known as

Affirmative action.

Which of the following demonstrates inequality of outcome suffered by women on account of their gender?

Being paid less than men for the same job.

Laws passed in Southern states during the immediate aftermath of the Civil War that singled out African Americans for mistreatment and discrimination were known as the

Black codes

The case that proved most significant that was litigated by the NAACP Legal and Education Defense Fund was

Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

The landmark Supreme Court case that prohibited government-sponsored segregation as a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause was

Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

A federal law that prevented private businesses from discriminating in service and personnel policies is the

Civil Rights Act of 1964

What are protections against unequal treatment that the government guarantees to all groups?

Civil rights

Government policies that provide official legal recognition of same-sex couples without sanctioning marriage are known as

Civil unions.

High levels of racial segregation within a county-based school system that has high levels of residential racial segregation acts as an example of

De facto segregation

The physical separation of groups that is not legally sanctioned or imposed by the government but instead stems from individual preferences and economic forces is known as

De facto segregation

The physical separation of groups that results from laws or official government actions is known as

De jure segregation.

Two distinct school systems for White and Black students act as an example of

De jure segregation.

A government group denying a group the right to vote is known as

Disenfranchisement.

Which of the following is a controversial Supreme Court decision that ruled that Congress lacked the power to regulate slavery and Blacks had no civil rights?

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

An executive order issue by President Lincoln during the Civil War that freed the slaves in the Confederacy is known as the

Emancipation Proclamation.

What was one of the first ways that Blacks were denied civil rights in America?

Enslavement

A proposed, but unratified, constitutional amendment that would have prevented gender discrimination to the same extent that the Fourteenth Amendment prevents racial and ethnic discrimination, is called the

Equal Rights Amendment.

A specific provision that prevents states from passing laws that treat people differently on account of race or ethnicity is known as the

Equal protection clause

Which president issued Executive Order 9066 ordering the internment of Japanese Americans and allowing for the seizure of their property?

F. D. Roosevelt.

An amendment to the Constitution that prevents states from racial discrimination in voting is known as the

Fifteenth Amendment.

An amendment to the Constitution that prevents states from denying on the basis of race full citizenship to their residents is the

Fourteenth Amendment.

Which amendment does the equal protection clause belong to?

Fourteenth.

A policy designed to disenfranchise Blacks by exempting Whites who had been able to vote at the end of the Civil War, but not Blacks, from literacy tests is known as

Grandfather clauses.

Laws that enhance criminal penalties for crimes committed out of prejudice toward certain groups are called

Hate crime legislation.

Which president ended Reconstruction?

Hayes.

A form of inequality in which laws or official actions deny specific groups social, political, or economic benefits that are available to other groups is known as

Inequality of opportunity.

A form of inequality in which social and demographic forces, not official laws or policies, cause one group to enjoy more political, social, or economic benefits than another group is known as

Inequality of opportunity.

The lack of voting rights for women prior to the Nineteenth Amendment acts as an example of

Inequality of opportunity.

The difficulty of many high-performing racial minority students in getting accepted to a prestigious university because of the lack of rigor of their high school acts as an example of

Inequality of outcome.

The extent to which one group enjoys more political, social, or economic benefits than another group is known as

Inequality.

The southern practice of racially segregating all public facilities, such as transportation, schools, libraries, hotels, hospitals, theaters, parks, and cemeteries, was based on

Jim Crow laws.

Which Supreme Court case upheld internment of an ethnic group as constitutional?

Korematsu v. United States (1944).

Which of the following terms refers to people of Spanish or Portuguese colonial ancestry?

Latino.

Abolitionists were

Nineteenth-century political activists who sought to end slavery.

Which amendment to the Constitution forbids gender discrimination in voting?

Nineteenth.

Once slavery was abolished in northern states, Blacks in these states

Obtained limited civil rights varying by state.

Which controversial Supreme Court decision ruled that, under the Fourteenth Amendment, states were allowed to segregate by race?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Fees charged as a condition of registering to vote, which disenfranchises the impoverished, especially African Americans, are known as

Poll taxes.

Which provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1964 did the Supreme Court invalidate in 2013?

Preclearance.

The period during which former Confederate states were brought back into the Union, often characterized by a military presence in the South and civil rights progress for Blacks, is known as

Reconstruction

Portions of land set aside for American Indians removed from their ancestral lands by the federal government are known as

Reservations

Which of the following was not a form of protest used in the civil rights movement?

Riots

The concept concerning a dominant group physically separating itself from a subordinate group is known as

Segregation.

A legal doctrine that allowed segregation of the races in public facilities as long as each race received the facility in question was known as the

Separate but equal principle

Unwelcome sexual comments or treatment in the workplace or an educational institution is known as

Sexual harassment.

Which of the following is a form of protest against segregated restaurants in which Black patrons refused to move from Whites-only sections?

Sit-ins

A government policy toward American Indians that allows each tribe to regulate its own people and operate according to its own customs is known as

Sovereignty.

In Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), the Supreme Court ruled that

State laws protecting runaway slaves were superseded by federal laws and slaveholders' property rights.

In which state was there a controversial bill in 2010 (SB 1070) that would require law enforcement officers to arrest anyone they suspected of being undocumented who could not produce documentation of being in the country legally?

State laws protecting runaway slaves were superseded by federal laws and slaveholders' property rights.

Large-scale efforts of organizations and activists during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to secure the right to vote for women were known as

Suffrage movement.

Ethnicity is defined as

The classification of people based on national origin or culture.

Race is defined as

The classification of people based on physical characteristics, especially skin color.

Gender is defined as

The classification of people based on sex.

What allowed for the enforcement of the Civil Rights Acts of 1870, 1871, and 1875?

The strong military presence in the South during Reconstruction.

An amendment to the Constitution that prohibits slavery throughout the United States is the

Thirteenth Amendment

A federal law significantly curtailing disenfranchisement of racial and ethnic minorities by banning literacy tests and requiring federal supervision of jurisdictions with a history of voting discrimination is the

Voting Rights Act of 1965.

What was a key turning point in the civil rights movement in terms of the improvement of prospects for Blacks?

World War II.