Exercise 7 - The Integumentary System
matrix, papilla
a layer of actively dividing epithelial cells called the hair ____ is located on top of the hair ______
hair papilla
a small nipple of dermal tissue that protrudes into the hair bulb from the peripheral connective tissue sheath and provides nutrition to the growing hair
hair follicle
a structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells
split ends
abrasion of the cuticle at the top of the hair shaft results in?
stratum germinativum
alternate name for stratum basale due to its cells constantly undergoing mitosis to form new cells
follicle, papillary, dermis
arrector pilli muscle are small bands of smooth muscle cells that connect each hair ____ to the _____ layer of the _____
collagen, elastic
both the papillary and reticular layers are abundant in ____ and ___ fibers
adrenal, hypoactive, Addison's
bronzing of the skin hints that a person's ____ cortex is ______, this occurs in _______ disease
hair bulb
collection of well-nourished epithelial cells at the base of the hair follicle
stratum spinosum
consists of several layers of keratinocytes joined by desmosomes
stratum basale
deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells
merocrine
eccrine sweat glands are also called ____
nail bed
extension of the stratum basale beneath the nail
melanin, cortex
hair color depends on the amount and type of ____ pigment found in the hair ____
pressure
lamellar corpuscles are ____ receptors
stratum corneum
most superficial layer, 20-30 layers of dead cells
stratum granulosum
one to five layers of flattened cells, cytoplasm full of lamellar granules and keratohyaline granules
free edge
portion of nail that grows out away from the body
eponychium
projection of the thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle
lunule
proximal region of the thickened nail matrix, looks like white crescent moon
nail folds
skin folds that overlap the borders of the nail
exocrine
sweat glands are ____ glands
eccrine
sweat glands distributed over the body, important in perspiration and thermoregulation
apocrine
sweat glands found primarily in the axillary and genital areas
sebaceous, sweat
the categories of cutaneous glands
dense irregular
the dermis is composed of what type of tissue
medulla, cortex, cuticle
the hair shaft and the hair root have three layers of keratinized cells: the ____ in the center, surrounded by the ____, and the protective ______
adipose
the hypodermis consists of mainly what type of tissue
superficial fascia
the hypodermis is also known as the _______ ______, and is not considered part of the skin
papillary layer
the more superficial dermal region
areolar connective tissue
the papillary layer is composed of
root
the part of nail embedded in the skin and adheres to an epithelial nail bed
hyponychium
the region beneath the free edge of the nail
epidermis, dermis
the skin has two distinct regions. The superficial layer is the _____, and the underlying connective tissue is the _____
stratum lucidum
the thick skin contains which additional layer?
5
thick skin of the epidermis has ___ layers
nail matrix
thickened proximal part of the nail bed, contains germinal cells responsible for nail growth
hair shaft, hair root
two primary regions of the hair
papillary layer, reticular layer
two principal regions of the dermis
dermal papillae
what connects the papillary layer to the epidermis
arteries, veins, glands, pressure receptors
what does the reticular layer contain
langerhan, immunity
what is another name for dendritic cells, and the role they play?
keratinocytes
what is the most abundant epidermal cell?
epidermal ridges
what produces fingerprints
epidermal-dermal junction
where are tactile (merkel) cells located?
