exocrine glands vs Endocrine glands

Gestational

Only while pregnant Placenta inhibits the action of insulin Can affect baby's health if not addressed

AC: Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)

Overactive thyroid; fast metabolic rate

HGH Conditions

Pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, acromegaly

3 Chemical categories of hormones

amines proteins steroids

oxytocin

brings about uterine contractions helps with milk let down reflex

AS: seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

depression when not exposed to enough sunlight

Amines

derived from one amino acid (tyrosine) ex.) Thyroid hormones

Type 1 (juvenile onset)

do not produce enough insulin usually insulin dependent

Posterior Lobe (neurohypophysis)

does not actually make any hormones - just stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothalamus

Thymus

embedded in the connective tissue behind the sternum large in puberty then decreases greatly in size

melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)

encourages melanin production in particular situations

AC: goiter

enlarges thyroid due to iodine deficiency

luteinizing hormone (LH)

has reproductive function in males and females lh

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

has reproductive functions in males and females

Melatonin

helps regulate the bodes circadian rhythms (daily change in physiological processes and sleep cycles) secretes more melatonin at night

glucocorticoids

helps to keep glucose levels constant

Diabetes Mellitus

high blood sugar

glucagon

increases blood levels of glucose

Aldosterone

increases reabsorption of sodium and water during urine formation

prolactin

involved in milk production

Thymosin

involves cellular immunity by helping to mature T cells

Thyroid Gland

located between larynx with a lobe on either side of trachea has two type of specialized cells

Pineal Gland

located in the head

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

AC: hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

steroids

made from cholesterol ex.) reproductive hormones

-Medulla

main section of adrenal gland

-cortex

main section of adrenal gland

calcitonin

moves calcium from the bloodstream to the bones

AC: Diabetes Insipidus

not enough ADH Symptoms: excessive thirst and frequent urination

pituitary dwarfism

not enough HGH during the growing years

Example of Exocrine glands

oil glands, sweat glands, pancreas

Adrenal Glands

one adrenal gland is located on the top of each kidney

Example of Endocrine gland

pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas

parafollicular cells

produce calcatonin

adrenaline (epinephrine)

produced by chromatin cells involves the fight or flight response

parathyroid hormone (pth)

produced by specialized cells called principle cells moves calcium from bones to blood stream opposing horomone is calcitonin

antidiuretic horomone (adh)

returns more water to the blood stream during urine production less urine is produced

Endocrine Glands

secrete hormones (powerful chemical messengers), have no specific duct, they are dumped outside of the gland and eventually travel in the blood stream

exocrine glands

secrete simple substances through ductwork to the desired location

Pancreas

serves both endocrine and exocrine gland islets of langerhans are specialized cells within

Human Growth Hormone

stimulates lengthwise bone growth

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

stimulates the cortex region of the adrenal gland

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

stimulates the thyroid gland

AC: Myxedema (hypothyroidism)

under active thyroid; slow metabolic rate

AC: cretinism

underactive thyroid in infancy which impairs physical and mental development

insulin

decreases your glucose level

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Human Growth Hormone

Type 2 (old age)

Insulin resistance Often controlled through diet and medication

follicular

Thyroid hormones :thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 Iodine is required to manufacture these Regulate the bodys metabolic rate

AC: Cushing's Syndrome

abnormally high levels of hormones from the adrenal cortex

AC: Addisons Disease

abnormally low levels of hormone from the adrenal cortex

Proteins

chains of amino acids ex.) insulin

Infindubulum

the hypothalamus is physically attached to the pituitary gland by this

parathyroid glands

there are two parathyroid glands on th posterior side of each lobe of thyroid glands

acromegaly

to much HGH after growing years

gigantism

to much HGH during the growing years