Experience Psychology Chapter 6/7 (4th edition)

What is true about explicit memory?

It is sometimes referred to as declarative memory. It has two subtypes of memory: episodic and semantic.

When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Because Don vividly remembers the theory today, this is an example of _____.

imagery

Encoding failure occurs when the information was _____.

never entered into long-term memory

Alan had a list of items to buy at the hardware store, but when he arrived at the store, he found he had forgotten to bring his list. "Oh, well," he said, "I remember the first three, so I may as well get those." This illustrates the _____ effect.

primacy

attention involves focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring other stimuli.

selective

You are driving down the highway and see a billboard with a phone number on it. You tell yourself to remember it, but after you drive a little farther, you find you've forgotten it. This describes the limitations of _____-_____ memory.

short-term

Neuroscientists studying memory have benefited greatly from the use of MRI scans. They are able to see brain activation while a person is remembering. This has led them to conclude that _____.

there is no one memory center in the brain

The Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory proposed that there are _____ systems in memory.

three

True or false: Memories in the brain are stored in a specific location.

False

True or false: There are five levels of processing in the encoding process.

False

_____ memory is when behavior is affected by prior experiences without conscious recollection of the experience.

Implicit

A relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information is _____ memory.

Long term

_____ is defined as the retention of information or experience over time.

Memory

_____ is a memory task in which the person has to retrieve previously learned information

Recall

_____ is a memory task in which the person has to identify learned items.

Recognition

Which of the following is the memory process by which information held in memory is brought out of storage?

Retrieval

_____ memory holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses.

Sensory

Which of the following holds information from the world in its original form for only a brief moment in time?

Sensory memory

A special form of episodic memory is _____ memory, which includes individuals' recollections of their life experiences, which generally include some memory and some myth.

autobiographical

Explicit memory is the _____ recollection of information such as facts and events.

conscious

Dr. Marsh has her General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of _____.

elaboration

When _____ is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.

elaboration

According to levels of processing, the process of _____ involves three levels.

encoding

Ari is watching a movie. Which initial memory process is Ari using?

encoding

The initial recording of information into memory is called _____.

encoding

Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on _____.

forgetting

In order to remember the way to the library, Kareem created a mental picture of all of the things he sees on his usual route. Kareem used mental _____ to remember the necessary route.

imagery

You know how to tie your shoes, and when you do, the procedure can be carried out non-consciously. This is an example of _____ memory.

implicit

Long-term memory is a _____ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information.

permanent

In terms of the effects of serial position, the _____ effect refers to better recall for items at the beginning.

primacy

Allison lived in a foreign country for a year, and she didn't drive a car during that time. When she came back to the United States, she found it effortless to drive her car. Her ability to remember how to drive is an example of _____ memory.

procedural

Jon hasn't ridden a bicycle for five years; yet, when he hops on, he finds he can still ride. This is an example of _____ memory.

procedural

The type of memory that involves remembering information about doing something in the future is _____ memory

prospective

Jason is actively trying to remember his teammates' names, so he writes down the numbers from their jerseys and the position they play on the team, along with the first letter of their names. He is using the numbers as _____ cues to help his memory for the names of his teammates.

retrieval

A _____ is a general mental framework that helps people to organize and understand information.

schema

Marisol is reading her textbook while ignoring the argument her younger siblings are having in the same room. Marisol's situation is a good example of _____.

selective attention

The three stages of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory are _____ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

sensory

_____ memory is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for less than a minute unless strategies are used to retain it longer.

Short term