Exploration and Conquest Unit Test Study

The encomienda system was A. A slavery system except that the enslaved could not be sold off the land B. A noble attempt to care for the native people C. A system in which land was distributed to the native people D. A model for the medieval system to be developed in Spain

A. A slavery system except that the enslaved cannot be sold off the land

What was the commercial revolution? A. A trade war between European countries following the colonization of the New World B. The decrease in global trade between Europe, the Americas, and Africa. C. And enormous change in the rules of commerce due to the Columbian exchange D. The replacement of colonialism with mercantilism

A. A trade war between European countries follow the colonization of the New World

Playing tribute included giving gold or human sacrifice victims to a larger, more powerful empire. Which empire forced others to pay tribute? A. Aztec empire B. Inca empire C. Spanish empire D. Portuguese empire

A. Aztec empire

What did the Chavíns and the Incas have in common? A. Both civilizations lived in the Andes Mountains B. Both civilizations lived along the gulf coast C. Both civilizations fell around 200 BCE D. Both civilizations fell in the 1530s

A. Both civilizations lived in the Andes Mountains

During the age of discovery, the purpose of most European explorations was to search for resources and trade routes and to A. Claim territory outside of Europe B. Find religious sites and relics C. Bring food and supplies to the rest of the world D. Expand the Holy Roman Empire

A. Claim territory outside of Europe

Which statement best describes the affect of Triangular Trade on Africa? A. Communities were devastated, the population declined, families were torn apart, and slave trading wars claimed even more African lives B. Societal fabric was destroyed, between 10-15 million Africans were sent to the New World, and the rise of African state banks occurred C. Young, healthy Africans were sent to the New World, a smallpox epidemic further decreased the population, and Africa began growing coffee D. 10 to 20% of Africans on the middle passage died due to inhumane conditions, west Africa became a trading post for corn and wheat, and wars for colonial control began

A. Communities were devastated, the population declined, families were torn apart, and slave trading wars claimed even more African lives

Exploration was carried out A. Competitively among European nations B. Cooperatively between the peoples of the world C. Cooperatively between the nations of Europe D. With a sense of goodwill toward all people

A. Competitively among European nations

The Olmec people A. Constructed giant stone monuments B. Built pyramids out of blocks of stone C. Develop a writing system with pictographs D. Created a system of numbers that included zero

A. Constructed giant stone monuments

Slash-and-burn agriculture is best defined as the process of A. Cutting plants and settling fires to fertilize farmland for crops. B. Citting steps into a hillside to make a flat surface for crops. C. Using ash from fires to make farmland fertile for decades. D. Clearing forests to make farmland fertile for generations.

A. Cutting plants and settling fires to fertilize farmland for crops.

What was one difference between Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias? A. Dias reached the tip of Africa, while de Gama's sailed around it B. Dias was from Spain, while de Gama was from Italy C. Dias circumnavigated the globe, while de Gama did not D. De Gama found the Cape of Good Hope, while Dias did not

A. Dias reached the tip of Africa, while de Gama's sailed around it

Who explored North America and the Arctic? A. Henry Hudson B. James Cook C. Robert de La Salle D. Samuel de Champlain

A. Henry Hudson

Atahualpa was the leader of the A. Inca empire B. Aztec empire C. Mexican empire D. Spanish empire

A. Inca empire

The illustration shows a section of a slave ship along the middle passage. What does this drawing show about enslaved Africans aboard the ship? A. It shows how tightly they were packed, which led to a harsh and often deadly Journey B. It shows how loosely they were packed, which led to a very safe and calming journey C. It shows how comfortably they were packed, which led to a secure and harmless journey D. It shows how carelessly they were packed, which led to a casual and effortless journey

A. It shows how tightly they were packed, which led to a harsh and often deadly journey

Which aspect of the financial system created by the commercial revolution most clearly pave the way for today's corporations? A. Joint stock companies B. State created banks C. Stock markets D. Stable currencies

A. Joint stock companies

Which leader was imprisoned by Cortés? A. Moctezuma II B. Atahualpa C. Pizarro D. Columbus

A. Moctezuma II

Arrange from greatest privileges to fewest privileges, which is the correct order of the Spanish class system? A. Penisulares, criollos. Mestizos, Indians, and enslaved persons B. Peninsulares, mestizos, criollo's, Indians, and enslaved persons C. Criollo's, peninsulares , mestizos, Indians, and enslaved persons D. Mestizos. Peninsulares, criollos, Indians, and enslaved persons

A. Penisulares, criollos. Mestizos, Indians, and enslaved persons

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain returned to Canada to establish ________, the first successful French settlement in North America. A. Quebec B. Ottawa C. Montreal D. Halifax

A. Quebec

Which explorer extended Francis influence in the Americas through his establishment of Quebec? A. Samuel de Champlain B. Vasco de Gama C. Robert de La Salle D. Christopher Columbus

A. Samuel de Champlain

The Treaty of Tordesillas best facilitated exploration by A. Settling competition over colonized territories B. Establishing sea routes to Asia C. Sponsoring voyages along Africa's West Coast D. Selecting trained explorers

A. Settling competition over colonized territories

As navigation skills advanced, explorers reached the area now known as the Straits of Magellan. The Straits of Magellan are located A. South of Chile and Argentina B. At the southern most point of Brazil C. Between the South China Sea in India D. At the southern tip of Africa

A. South of Chile and Argentina

What was the most significant result of the Spanish colonization of central and South America? A. Spain became rich by stealing the wealth of the American colonies B. Spain brought advanced cultural values to the American colonies C. Spain brought religion and high moral values to the American colonies D. Spain was transformed by the cultural richness of the New World

A. Spain became rich by stealing the wealth of the American colonies

Read this passage from a British newspaper. The French and Indians, the number of each not known, had, as we found after, possessed the sides and brow of a hill, in a circular form, from the extreme of which some of them fired upon one of our advanced flank parties. This immediately struck a general panic; The men could not be persuaded to form regularly; and great confusion they fell back...... No order could be restored. -The Public Advertiser September 20, 1755 Based on this passage, which statement is true? A. The British panicked when they were shot at. B. The French and the American Indians were very alarmed. C. The British were on a hill in a circle. D. The British fired and then panicked.

A. The British panicked when they were shot at.

Which statement best describes the political structure of the ancient Mayas? A. The Mayas developed city-states that were powerful but independent. B. The Maya civilization included different groups unified under a single religion. C. The Maya civilization was ruled by an emperor and had about 400 tribute states D. The Mayas were ruled by representatives from different city-states

A. The Mayas developed city-states that were powerful but independent

How did Olmec civilization differ from Maya civilization? A. The Olmec's were the first culture to live in Mesoamerica. The Mayas came later and adopted some of the Olmecs' early practices B. The Mayas were the first culture to live in Mesoamerica. The Olmecs came later and rejected most of the Mayas early practices C. The Olmec civilization declined after a prolonged drought, while the Maya civilization continue to flourish into the 1500s D. The Maya civilization declined after a prolonged drought, while the Olmec civilization declined after years of warfare

A. The Olmec's were the first culture to live in Mesoamerica. The Mayas came later and adopted some of the Olmecs' early practices

How did the Spanish and French differ in their treatment of American Indians? A. The Spanish force American Indians to convert to Christianity while the French build relationships with them. B. The French arrived in large numbers, while the Spanish arrived in small numbers. C. The French were dependent on the fair trade, while the Spanish were dependent on the sugar trade. D. The Spanish built relationships with American Indians, while the French force their culture on to them.

A. The Spanish force American Indians to convert to Christianity while the French build relationships with them.

How was the Inca empire impacted by European exploration and colonization? A. The Spanish forced the Incan's to adopt their language, religion, and way of life B. The Spanish crowned Atahualpa as emperor of the Inca C. The Spanish enriched the Inca empire by buying goods with gold and silver D. The Spanish forced many Inca to work as conquistadors

A. The Spanish forced the Incan's to adopt their language, religion, and way of life

The conquistadors were driven primarily by A. The desire for gold B. A religious duty to acquire land for Spain C. An urge to distribute land to the native peoples D. A desire to have American Indians experience power and fame

A. The desire for gold

How did the Columbian exchange affect the African people? A. The introduction of new crops in the decimation of the native population in the New World led to the capture and enslavement of many African people B. The introduction of new crops in the commercial revolution in Europe lead to the transfer of goods for African land. C. The introduction of new animals and diseases to the Americas led to the middle passage, a ship route that transported many American Indians to Africa. D. The introduction of a joint stock company and the rise of cities and towns led many African people to invest in the New World

A. The introduction of new crops and the decimation of the native population in the New World led to the capture and enslavement of many African people

How did interactions among the peoples and societies of the world during the age of discovery affect European technology? A. They lead to technological growth B. They had no real impact on technology C. They were damaging to technological know-how D. They stifled technological growth

A. They lead to technological growth

In traditional African slavery, what happened to enslaved people who integrated into the society of their captors? A. They often had an opportunity to purchase their freedom B. They were generally not allowed to earn wages C. They were not allowed to marry D. They had a few opportunities to improve their social position

A. They often had an opportunity to purchase their freedom

Which statement is the most accurate description of the middle colonies in the 1700s? A. They were home to diverse immigrants, they were a center of trade, and they eventually came under British control. B. They were home to Dutch immigrants who sought religious freedom, they were a center for banking, and they exported large amounts of grain. C. They were home to wealth seekers, they were a center of commerce, and they exported large amounts of cattle. D. They were home to solely British colonist, they were a center of trade, and they chiefly exported wood.

A. They were home to diverse immigrants, they were a center of trade, and they eventually came under British control.

Why did Europeans travel across the Mediterranean sea to reach the Silk Road? A. To obtain cloths, spices, and other goods B. To discover ancient religious sites C. To escape natural disasters at home D. To search for a new home with opportunities

A. To obtain cloths, spices, and other goods

What aspect of the commercial revolution would bring discord between colonists and their mother countries? A. There was a lack of a stock exchange in the colonial outpost B. All goods in raw materials were tightly regulated by the mother country C. Colonial farmers were taxed on goods they produced D. Colonist were not permitted to buy shares in joint stock companies

B. All goods and raw materials were tightly regulated by the mother country

What is the best definition for mercantilism? A. An economic policy in which investors buy shares in a company in order to share the risks and profits B. An economic policy in which countries collect gold or silver and control trade C. An economic system in which individuals and businesses D. An economic system in which money is put into something, such as a business, in order to make a profit

B. An economic policy in which countries collect gold or silver and control trade

How were the Mayas and the Zapotecs similar? A. Both civilizations are ruled by an emperor B. Both civilizations played a ball game with hoops C. Both civilizations practice monotheistic religions D. Both civilizations existed well into the 1400s

B. Both civilizations played a ball game with hoops

Which statement most accurately describes the reasons for the seven years war in North America? A. The French control the fair trade, and the British wanted to. B. Both the French and the British wanted control of the Ohio River Valley. C. The British wanted to convert American Indian to the Anglican religion. D. The British wanted to form alliances with American Indians, but all of them were already allied with the French.

B. Both the French and the British want to control the Ohio River Valley.

Which Spanish class included Spanish colonist born in the Americas? A. Peninsulares B. Criollos C. Mestizos D. Conquistadors

B. Criollos

In the first Spanish colonies, how did nearly all American Indians die? A. Poison B. Disease C. Sacrifice D. Neglect

B. Disease

What was one reason the number of enslaved Africans in the Americas increased? A. American demand for goods produced in African villages B. European demand for crops grown by American plantations C. African demand for goods manufactured in the American colonies D. Native American demand for labor to produce food for a growing population

B. European demand for crops grown by American plantations

Whose explorations lead to a greater knowledge of North America, the Arctic, Australia, and the Hawaiian islands? A. Robert de La Salle's and Henry Hudson's B. Henry Hudson's and James Cook's C. Samuel de Champlain's and Robert de La Salle's D. James cooks and Samuel de Champlain's

B. Henry Hudson's and James Cook's

Cuzco was once a large city in the A. Aztec Civilization B. Inca Civilization C. Maya Civilization D. Zapotec Civilization

B. Inca Civilization

Which statement is true of the British colony of Jamestown? A. It was founded as a debtors colony for British people who had lost their land as a result of a debt. B. It consisted of British people who were uninterested in spreading their religion or language C. It suffered severe loss is due to disease and warfare with the Spanish D. It was seen by the British as their most immediately successful colony due to a rich economy based on tobacco

B. It consisted of British people who were uninterested in spreading their religion or language

The Incas develop a record-keeping system using A. Shells and beads on strings B. Knots and designs in strings C. Writing and pictographs D. Numbers and calculations

B. Knots and designs in strings

The tribute states of the ancient Aztec empire A. Were governed directly by the emperor B. Made regular payments to the emperor C. Acted as powerful independent city states D. Surrounded the main Aztec city state

B. Made regular payments to the emperor

The Aztecs controlled the most powerful empire i A. Peru B. Mexico C. Bolivia D. Panama

B. Mexico

Read this account of an incident in the French and Indian war. September 20, 1755 When we came there we were attacked by a party of French and Indians, whose number, I am persuaded, did not exceed 300 men; While ours consisted of about 1300 well armed troops, chiefly regular soldiers, who are stuck with such a panic, that they behaved with more cowardice than it is possible to conceive. The officers behaved gallantly, in order to encourage their man, for which they suffered greatly, they're being near 60 killed and wounded. -George Washington July 18, 1755 Which of the following can be assumed after reading this passage? A. The size of the trip was about the same. B. The British panicked when they were attacked. C. The officer did not help their men. D. The British struck first.

B. The British panicked when they were attacked.

The map shows the area of the seven years war. According to this map, why did the French do so well at the beginning of the seven years war? A. The French had more land. B. The French fought on their own territory. C. The French repeatedly defeated the British Navy near the coast. D. The French surrounded the British.

B. The French fought on their own territory.

Look at these graphs. What is the most likely reason why southern colonies had such different exports from those of New England? A. New England colonies were not able to farm. B. The colonies had different growing seasons. C. New England colonies had limited access to waterways D. Southern colonies did not have a plantation system

B. The colonies had different growing seasons.

The Mesoamerican leader Pakal the Great was A. The emperor of the Aztec people B. The king of a Maya city state C. The head of the Inca religion D. The ruler of a Zapotec state

B. The king of a Maya city state

The map below shows a graphic representation of an important movement in the 16th-18th centuries. What do the arrows show? A. The three primary trade winds that helped ships travel in the 1500s B. The movement of goods, money, and enslaved people that made up triangular trade C. The movement of silver during the commercial revolution D. The three primary routes for commercial trade between Hispaniola and the old world

B. The movement of goods, money, and enslaved people that made up triangular trade.

What was one of Portugal's main goals in exploring the west coast of Africa? A. To find the northern most point of the continent B. To claim territory along the coast C. To find a sea route to North America D. To complete maps of the continent

B. To claim territory along the coast

Which is the most accurate list of mercantilism rules? A. i. Collect gold and silver. ii. Import more goods than what one exports. iii. Provide raw materials to colonies. iv. Sell manufactured goods from colonies to the mother country. B. i. Collect gold and silver ii. Export more goods than what one imports. iii. Have the colonies provide raw materials. iv. Sell the manufactured goods from the mother country to colonies C. i. Sell gold and silver. ii. Import more goods than what one exports. iii. Sell raw materials to colonies iv. Provide manufactured goods to colonies. D. i. Sell gold and silver. ii. Export more goods than what one imports. iii. Have colonies sell raw materials. iv. Still manufactured goods from the mother country colonies

B. i. Collect gold and silver ii. Export more goods than what one imports. iii. Have the colonies provide raw materials. iv. Sell the manufactured goods from the mother country to colonies

The Aztecs adopted which aspect of Maya civilization? A. Cacao bean currency B. A central government C. A stone calendar D. A strong military

C. A stone calendar

The chart shows the Taino population in 1492 was nearly 300,000 and under 10,000 in 1548. What does the chart illustrate about American Indian populations? A. The steep decline of the native population due to exodus of Hispaniola following Columbus's arrival B. The complete disappearance of the Taino from Brazil due to the Columbian exchange C. An example of the impact that European exploration had on American Indians populations D. And example of the severe decline of the Taino religious population after the mission system ended

C. An example of the impact of European exploration had on American Indians population.

Which country sought control of North America during the seven years war? A. The Netherlands and France B. Spain and Britain C. France and Britain D. Spain and France

C. France and Britain

What was one characteristic of early European exploration A. It was safe B. It was fast C. It was expensive D. It was predictable

C. It was expensive

This photo shows an early Mesoamerican structure, specifically from the Zapotec Culture What was the structure most likely used for? A. Creating terraces for farm fields B. Practicing religious ceremonies C. Playing a ball game with stone hoops D. Protecting a city from invading armies

C. Playing a ball game with stone hoops

Which statement best describes the political structure of the ancient Aztecs? A. The Aztecs developed city-states that were powerful but independent B. The Aztecs civilization included different groups unified under a single religion C. The Aztec civilization was ruled by an emperor and had about 400 tribute states D. The Aztecs were ruled by representatives from different city-states

C. The Aztec civilization was ruled by an emperor and had about 400 tribute states

Moctezuma II ruled over A. The Aztec as king near the beginning of the 18th century B. The Incas as king near the beginning of the 16th century C. The Aztecs as king near the beginning of the 16th century D. The Spanish as king near the beginning of the 16th century

C. The Aztecs as king near the beginning of the 16th century

This photo shows ruins at Machu Picchu Which early American civilization built this ancient city? A. The Aztecs B. The Chavins C. The Incas D. The Maya

C. The Incas

The fact that the astrolabe was developed in the Muslim empire implies that A. Europeans had more advanced technology B. Europeans did not make use of new knowledge C. The Muslim empire was technologically advanced D. The world outside of Europe was undeveloped

C. The Muslim empire was technologically advanced

What gave rise to the slave trade? A. The lack of a skilled labor force in the America's and the decline of the west African population caused residents to seek a living elsewhere B. The shipment of gold from the Americas to Europe cause plantation owners to seek inexpensive laborers C. The death of many American Indians to disease and the planting of labor intensive crops D. The global expansion of the spice trade and the rise of Christianity in the Americas

C. The death of many American Indians to disease and the planting of labor-intensive crops

In Inca Society, the Sapa Inca served as A. A chief B. A farmer C. The emperor D. The religious leader

C. The emperor

Read the following passages from John Newton's diary. Saturday 22 June Being pretty warm, got up the men and washed all the slaves with fresh water. I am much afraid of another ravage from the flux [diarrheal infection] , for we have had eight taken within these few days. Thursday 27 June When we were putting the slaves down in the evening, one that was sick jumped overboard. Got him in again but he died immediately between his weakness and the salt water he had swallowed, though I imagine he would have lived but a little while being quite worn out. Which claim is supported by this reading? A. The men on board the ship treated the enslaved people well B. The ship suffered an epidemic of bacterial infection C. The enslaved people on board suffered from illness with some frequency D. A large percentage of the enslaved people on board had died.

C. The enslaved people on board suffered from illness with some frequency

Read the passage from Olaudah Equiano's autobiography. The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. The air soon became unfit for respiration from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died... The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. Which is described in the text? A. The death of very few enslaved people B. A crowded but cool place C. The existence of human suffering D. A small and dark space

C. The existence of human suffering

The impact of the commercial revolution could be most felt in which realm? A. There was a social impact; the merchant class grew and towns and cities became more populated B. there was a trade related impact; The increase of global trade had an enormous effect on the old and new world C. There was an economic impact; The birth of the banking system, growth of capitalism and companies dramatically increased the wealth of Nations D. There was an environmental impact; The increased movement of goods and people drastically changed the environment

C. There was an economic impact; The birth of the banking system, growth of capitalism and companies dramatically increased the wealth of Nations

Which statement most completely explains why the French settled in new France? A. They were hunting and trading fur and were seeking a route to the Pacific. B. They sought to convert American a Indians and were looking for new land to explore. C. They came to trap and trade fur, were looking for new land and a route to the Pacific, and sought to convert American Indians D. They came to trap and trade fur, and they sought new land and a way to the Pacific.

C. They came to trap and trade fur, were looking for new land and a route to the Pacific, and sought to convert American Indians

Why did Spain create missions in the colonies? A. To create forced labor using American Indians B. To adapt to American Indian traditions C. To assimilate American Indians D. To return land to American Indians

C. To assimilate American Indians

For what primary purpose did the Spanish and slave many American Indians? A. To build churches and grow coffee B. To build ships and grow tobacco C. To work in mines and grow sugar D. To work on ranches and grow corn

C. To work in mines and grow sugar

The map shows the countries that founded the 13 colonies. According to the map the majority of the 13 colonies were founded by A. Spain B. The Netherlands C. Sweden D. Britain

D. Britain

What most accurately describes the relationship between the British colonies and the American Indians? A. British colonies wanted to integrate American Indians into their culture and religion B. British colonies developed strong trading partnership with American Indians C. British colonies wanted to share land with American Indians D. British colonies wanted American Indians out of the way so the colonies could profit more

D. British colonies wanted American Indians out of the way so the colonies to profit more

The middle colonies were founded A. As safe havens for Catholics and Quakers B. As trading posts for fur C. For profit and a strategic trading posts D. For religion, profit, and strategy.

D. For religion, profit, and strategy

Where were the first Spanish colonies located in the New World? A. In Canada B. In North America C. In South America D. In the West Indies

D. In the West Indies

The Dutch East India Company, the British East India Company, and the Virginia company were A. Single stock companies B. Multiple stock companies C. Monarchy funded companies D. Joint stock companies

D. Joint stock companies

Global exploration by sea was made possible primarily by A. Longer routes B. Larger ships C. Military strength D. New technology

D. New technology

What was one similarity between the Mayas, the Incas, and the Aztecs? A. They all dug canals B. They all created calendars C. They all built roads D. They all built Temples

D. They all built Temples

Why did the Spanish government establish the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies? A. To grant land to American Indians B. To divide land equally C. To defend the American Indians D. To set up a labor supply

D. To set up a labor supply

During the age of discovery, interactions between Asia and Europe lead to competition for land and resources and A. Caused trade setbacks for Europeans B. Led to the creation of maps that were too difficult to read C. Were welcome and peaceful D. Were accompanied by an increase in trade

D. Were accompanied by an increase in trade