EXS 310 final exam!!
The Q angle is usually ... or less for males and ... or less for females.
15; 20
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus
Which of the following muscles performs action in the frontal plane?
Abductor pollicis longus
Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis?
All are superficial and palpable, except the vastus medialis
The flexor hallucis longus perform which of the following actions?
All of these answers are correct
Which of the following correctly identifies the indication (by the arrow) muscle in the figure, the origin, and insertion?
Anconeus, origin- posterior surface of lateral condyle of humerus; insertion- posterior surface of upper ulna and olecranon process
The insertion of the tensor fascia latae is one-fourth of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract, which in turn inserts onto Gerdy's tubercle of the ... tibial condyle.
Anterolateral
The femoral nerve innervates all of the following muscles except:
Biceps femoris
Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?
Biceps femoris
Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?
Decreases stability
Which of the following is the primary function of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extension of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Which of the following is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extension of the thumb
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Which of the following muscles originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Extensor digitorum
The gluteus maximus is stretched in the supine position with full hip flexion to the ipsilateral axilla and then to the contralateral axilla with the knee in ... .
Flexion
Which of the following muscles does not perform wrist extension?
Flexor pollicis longus
Which of the following is considered to be an agonist muscle during hip abduction?
Gluteus medius
The ... originates on the inner surface of the ilium and the lower borders of the transverse processes (L1-L5), sides of the bodies of the last thoracic vertebrae (T12), lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), intervertebral fibrocartilages, and base of the sacrum.
Iliopsoas
Which of the following statements is true about the biceps femoris?
It is best developed through hamstring curls or leg curls
Which of the following is true regarding the medial collateral ligament?
Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing the knee from being abducted
Which of the following is NOT an action of the gluteus minimus?
Posterior pelvic rotation
The insertion of the ... is on the posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle.
Semimembranosus
Which of the following muscles is important in providing dynamic medial stability to the knee joint because of the manner in which it crosses the joint and is also responsible for internal rotation of the knee?
Semitendinosus
The vastus lateralis provides a(n) ... pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.
Superolateral
Newton's law of inertia states that:
a body in motion tends to stay in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force
The origin of the rectus femoris is the anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and the groove above the ... .
acetabulum
The medial compartment of the thigh contains the muscles-adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, and gracilis- that are primarily responsible for ... .
adduction of the hip
Radioulnar supination is performed by all of the following muscles except the:
anconeus
The chief function of the ... is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension of the elbow.
anconeus
Which of the following is a posterior upper extremity muscle?
anconeus
The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the ... .
anterior cruciate ligament
The iliospoas muscle is located ... and performs ... of the hip.
anteriorly, flexion
Radioulnar pronation is performed by all of the following muscled except the:
brachialis
Which of the following elbow flexors acts in "true flexion of the elbow"?
brachialis
Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?
bursae are composed mainly of hyaline cartilage
The gluteus maximus originates on the posterior one-fourth of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and ... near the ilium, and fascia of the lumbar area.
coccyx
The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in ... .
extension
Which of the following muscles inserts on the four tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanges of the four fingers on the dorsal surface?
extensor digitorum
Which of the following is the "pointing muscle" that originates between middle and distal one-third of the posterior ulna?
extensor indicis
There is a synergy that exists among the glenohumeral, elbow, and radioulnar joint muscles. Actions that involve radioulnar supination (such as tightening a screw with a screwdriver) also involve glenohumeral ... and elbow ... .
external rotation, flexion
A movement of the forearm away from the shoulder is best described by the term "flexion." (T/F)
false
As the elbow reaches full extension, the coronoid process of the ulna is received by the coronoid fossa of the humerus, and this increases joint stability (T/F)
false
Each finger has three interphalangeal joints, whereas the thumb has only two. (T/F)
false
Hip flexion refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline. (T/F)
false
In the context of the pelvic girdle motions, anterior pelvic rotation refers to the anterior movement of the upper pelvis in which the iliac crest tilts forward in the transverse plane. (T/F)
false
In the context of wrist and hand movements, radial flexion (abduction) refers to the movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm. (T/F)
false
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint (T/F)
false
The elbow is a hinge-type joint that allows only internal and external rotations. (T/F)
false
The flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1). (T/F)
false
The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump. (T/F)
false
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the obturator foramen of the pelvic girdle. (T/F)
false
The iliofemoral, or Y, ligament is located posteriorly and prevents hyperextension. (T/F)
false
The insertion of teh brachioradialis is on the styloid process of the ulna. (T/F)
false
The insertion of the brachialis is on the coracoid process of the radius. (T/F)
false
The origin of the biceps brachii is on the radial tuberosity. (T/F)
false
The popliteus originates on the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. (T/F)
false
Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?
flexor carpi ulnaris
Which of the following is the only muscle that flexes the finger distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) joints?
flexor digitorum profundus
Which of the following is an action of the biceps brachii?
horizontal adduction of the shoulder joint
The tibia is ... to the fibula
medial
Which of the following is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
Which of the following is the origin of the palmaris longus?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
The pronator teres inserts on the :
middle third of the lateral surface of the radius
The only "true flexor" of the knee is the ... .
popliteus
The radial nerve innervates all of the following muscles except the:
pronator teres
Which of the following is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?
proximal three-fourths of the anterior and medial ulna
Which of the following muscles is best stretched in a side-lying position by having a partner take the knee into full flexion and simultaneously take the hip into extension?
rectus femoris
Flexion of the elbow occurs in the ... plane of motion, and supination of the forearm occurs in the ... plane of motion.
sagittal, transverse
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates all of the following muscles except:
sartorius
Which of the following muscles is a two-joint muscle, effective as a hip flexor or as a knee flexor, and is sometimes referred to as the tailor's muscle?
sartorius
In the context of radioulnar joint movements, which of the following terms refers to the "external rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-down to the palm-up position"?
supination
Which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
the base of the fifth metacarpal on the dorsal surface
Which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
the base of the second metacarpal on the dorsal surface
Which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
the base of the third metacarpal on the dorsal suface
Anteriorly, the pelvis bones are joined to form the pubic symphysis, an amphiarthrodial joint. (T/F)
true
As the knee approaches full extension, the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles. (T/F)
true
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is an increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which interferes with the normal function of the median nerve. (T/F)
true
Elbow motions primarily involve the movement between the articular surfaces of the humerus and ulna (T/F)
true
In the context of wrist and hand movements, opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges. (T/F)
true
One head of the biceps brachii muscle originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. (T/F)
true
Tears in menisci can occur due to both compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running. (T/F)
true
The distal attachments (insertions) of the radioulnar joint muscles are located on the radius. (T/F)
true
The extensor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi ulnaris are the only muscles involved in ulnar deviation (adduction). (T/F)
true
The extensor digiti minimi is innervated by the radial nerve (C6-C8). (T/F)
true
The extensor digitorum is the only muscle involved in extension of all four fingers. (T/F)
true
The flexor pollicis longus inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb on the palmar surface. (T/F)
true
The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally, although some individuals can extend slightly further. (T/F)
true
The obturator nerve innervates both the adductor longus and the gracilis muscles. (T/F)
true
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension. (T/F)
true
The pronator teres is innervated by the median nerve (C6, C7). (T/F)
true
The pronator teres originates from the distal part of the medial supracondylar ridge of the humerus and the medial side of the proximal ulna. (T/F)
true
The pubofemoral ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive extension and abduction. (T/F)
true
The three wrist flexors, from medial to lateral, are the flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis. (T/F)
true
The triceps brachii inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna. (T/F)
true
The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius. (T/F)
true
The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity. (T/F)
true
The wrist flexor muscles have their origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. (T/F)
true
To stretch the flexor carpi ulnaris, the elbow must be fully extended with the forearm supinated while a partner passively extends and abducts the wrist. (T/F)
true
Wrist joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction (radial flexion), and adduction (ulnar flexion). (T/F)
true
Which of the following DOES NOT describe a way in which machines function?
By enhancing force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance
The shoulder girdle motion the usually accompanies glenohumeral adduction is:
Downward rotation
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Extensor hallucis longus
Both the tibialis posterior and the flexor digitorum longus are innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2). (T/F)
FALSE
Each toe has three interphalangeal joints, except the great toe, which only has two. (T/F)
FALSE
Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off, the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation (T/F)
FALSE
Inversion is turning the ankle and foot outward away from the midline of the body where the weight is on the medial edge of foot (T/F)
FALSE
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes?
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles does NOT perform eversion of the foot?
Flexor hallucis longus
Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs about the ________ axis.
Frontal
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the posterior surface of the calcaneus?
Gastrocnemius
Which term describes the following movement: the angle between the femur and leg decrease because the heel is moving toward the buttocks?
Knee flexion
Footprints left in the sand are an example of which Newton's law of motion?
Law of reaction
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg?
Medial compartment
Which of the following correctly identifies the origin and insertion of the teres minor?
Origin- lateral border of the posterior scapula; insertion- greater tubercle of humerus on posterior side
... fiber arrangements generally produce a greater range of motion, while ... fiber arrangements generally increase the muscle's force production capability.
Parallel, pennate
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)?
Peroneus (Fibularis) brevis
Which of the following muscles has its origins on the head and upper 2/3rd of lateral surface of the fibula?
Peroneus (Fibularis) longus
Which of the following muscles does NOT perform plantar flexion?
Peroneus (Fibularis) tertius
Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?
Peroneus (Fibularis) tertius
Which of the following correctly identifies the indicated (by the dark gray color and arrow) muscle in the figure, the origin, and insertion?
Rhomboid major and minor; Origin- spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5; insertion- medial border of the scapula below spine
Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion?
Soleus
Heel-strike normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation (T/F)
TRUE
Motions of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the toes include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (T/F)
TRUE
Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (T/F)
TRUE
The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons to increase the mechanical advantage of the respective muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions. (T/F)
TRUE
The flexor hallucis longus muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2). (T/F)
TRUE
The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2). (T/F)
TRUE
The most common type of ankle sprain results from excessive inversion that causes damage to the anterior talofibular ligament (T/F)
TRUE
The tibialis anterior performs dorsiflexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane (T/F)
TRUE
Toe flexion is movement of the toes toward the plantar surface of the foot (T/F)
TRUE
Which of the following muscles can perform inversion of the foot when concentrically contracting?
Tibialis anterior
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the inner surface of the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal bones?
Tibialis anterior
The "Tom, Dick, and Harry" phrase refers to the _________________, respectively.
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and branches of C3 and C4)?
Trapezius
Which of the following shoulder girdle movements involves moving the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column to assist in raising the arm out to the side?
Upward rotation
Identify Newton's law of acceleration:
a change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it
Which of the following is a common action of the middle fibers of the deltoid and supraspinatus?
abduction
The shoulder girdle motion that usually accompanies glenohumeral internal rotation is:
abduction (protraction)
In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movements of teh scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?
adduction (retraction)
Muscles which cause or control joint motion through a specified plane of motion are known as ... muscles
agonist
Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever?
all the answers are correct
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.
axon
Most articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement, such a synchondroses and sympheses, are structurally classified as ... .
cartilaginous
The ... is the point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions
center of gravity
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
communication
A defined area of skin supplied by the dorsal or sensory root fibers of a single spinal nerve is know as a(n):
dermatome
The pronator quadratus originates from the :
distal fourth of anterior side of ulna
Which term describes the following movement: the movement of the top of the ankle and foot toward the anterior tibia>
dorsiflexion
... occurs when all the applied and inertial forces acting on a moving body are in balance, resulting in movement with unchanging speed or direction
dynamic equilibrium
The trapezius lower fibers are involved in all of the following actions except:
elevation
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is ... .
extension
An action common to the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles is ... .
external rotation
During an eccentric muscle action, the force developed by the muscle is greater than that of the resistance. (T/F)
false
The clavicular head (upper fibers) of the pectoralis major is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve arising from C5-C7. (T/F)
false
The insertion of the coracobrachialis is on the coracoid process of the scapula. (T/F)
false
The origin of the levator scapulae is the spinous processes of C7 and T-T5 (T/F)
false
The scapulothoracic joint is a true synovial joint, and its movements are independent of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints. (T/F)
false
While in the anatomical position the radius is medial with respect to the ulna. (T/F)
false
In the human body when the triceps applies force to the olecranon in extending the nonsupported forearm at the elbow (like when performing an overhead elbow extension), it exemplifies:
first-class lever
Spindle-shaped muscles with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end are:
fusiform
Which term describes the following movement: the femur moves straight posteriorly away from the pelvis?
hip extension
The long head of the triceps brachii originates from the :
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is ______
internal rotation
Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle?
latissimus dorsi
Which of the following is not an origin of the latissimus dorsi?
medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
The pectoralis minor is innervated by the:
medial pectoral nerve arising from C8-T1
Which of the following exemplifies a second-class lever in the human body?
plantar flexion of the ankle to raise the body on the toes
Which of the following muscles is best stretched by using a partner to grasp the wrist and passively take the forearm into extreme supination?
pronator quadratus
The subconscious mechanism by which the body is able to regulate posture and movement is:
proprioception
Which of the following joints do not have motion in the sagittal plane?
radioulnar
Hip abduction takes place around which axis?
sagittal
Flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm occur in the ... and ... plane respectively.
sagittal, transverse
Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by scapular winging?
serratus anterior
Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the ... .
subscapularis
The transverse plane divides the body into ... .
superior and inferior halves
Which of the folloiwng is not an anterior muscle of the shoulder joint?
supraspinatus
Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?
supraspinatus
Biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems. (T/F)
true
Bone markings can be divided into two categories: processes and cavities, and exist to enhance the functional relationship with joints, muscles, tendons, nerves, and blood vessels. (T/F)
true
During an isometric muscle action, tension is developed within a muscle but joint angle remains constant. (T/F)
true
Glenohumeral joint stability is enhanced slightly by the glenoid labrum. (T/F)
true
Hip internal rotation occurs in the transverse plane and around the vertical axis. (T/F)
true
The action performed by the subscapularis is opposite to the action performed by the infraspinatus. (T/F)
true
The coracobrachialis is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve arising from C5-C7.
true
The deltoid is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6. (T/F)
true
The elbow is a hinge-type joint that allows for flexion and extension. (T/F)
true
The insertion of the pectoralis major is on the flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. (T/F)
true
The insertion of the serratus anterior is on the anterior aspect of the whole length of the medial border of the scapula. (T/F)
true
The levator scapulae inserts on the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the scapular spine. (T/F)
true
The origin of the deltoid includes the anterior lateral third of the clavicle, the lateral aspect of the acromion, and inferior edge of spine of scapula. (T/F)
true
Muscle fibers running obliquely from a tendon on one side only are:
unipennate
Which of the following actions is performed by the serratus anterior?
upward rotation
Which of the following actions is associated with the middle fibers of the trapezius?
upward rotation, adduction (retraction), and elevation