art history midterm
Who is depicted here?
Herakles
Compare Augustus as Imperator with the seated statue of Livia. Which of the following elements is NOT shared by both sculptures?
Reference to divine lineage.
What is the function of this building?
This building is a tomb.
What is the main reason that elite and royal tombs of the Middle Kingdom included wooden models?
To supply the needs of the dead in the afterlife.
Which of the following public monuments commemorates the military success of the Romans in the Dacian Wars?
Trajan's Column
What is the architectural term for the rounded end of the church of Santa Sabina, shown here?
apse
What artistic strategy did the kings of Kush (modern Sudan) use to legitimize their rule?
archaism
How were petroglyphs in the Large Wild Fauna Style evidently created?
By incising, scraping, or rubbing lines into a rock surface.
Which of the following was a major Middle Kingdom departure from Old Kingdom-era pyramid complexes?
Carving into rocky cliffs to house burials.
In the absence of resources to build monuments, what medium did emperors use to advertise their regimes?
Coins.
Based on your understanding of the Flavian dynasty's interest in verism over idealism and heroism, which Nerva-Antonine emperor's portrait most drastically contrasts with the portrait of Vespasian?
Commodus as Hercules.
Which statement best describes the shift in portraiture seen in the Bust of Commodus as Hercules?
Commodus contrasts the Classical and modest portrait style of his father by likening himself to the hero Hercules.
Paleolithic-era figurines of nude women were once thought to be mother goddess-type depictions. However, recent art-historical scholarship favors which of the following interpretations?
The exaggerated features indicate experience and continuity across generations.
What piece of evidence has suggested to some scholars that the figure depicted on a well-known Indus seal is an early proto-Shiva image?
The figure appears to be seated in a yoga pose, and one of the Hindu god Shiva's titles is Master Yogi.
What aspect of this sculpture best illustrates benefits of the bronze medium?
The figure's greatly outstretched arms.
What is an accurate statement about the stone bust sculpture found at Mohenjo Daro?
The figure's groomed beard, armband, diadem, and robe with a trefoil pattern indicate that he represents someone of high status.
What town, along with Pompeii, was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius?
Herculaneum
What statement below describes the work shown here?
It is a mortar made in the New Guinea prehistoric stone sculpture tradition.
Which of the following best describes a fresco?
It is a painting on a wall or ceiling on wet plaster.
What is significant about the material used in this sculpture?
It is a type of stone from Egypt reserved for sculptures of gods or imperial families.
What did kings often commission as part of temple complex expansions in the New Kingdom?
pylons and obelisks
Which of the following best characterizes the artwork found in private (non-royal) Egyptian tombs?
It is more lifelike than that found in royal tombs, often depicting workers and servants in specific occupations.
Why is this Vergina tomb painting a remarkable discovery?
It is one of the few surviving paintings from ancient Greece that is fairly well preserved.
Which of the following accurately describes the Ambum Stone?
It was probably used as part of religious ceremonies.
The Narmer palette is thought to have been a temple offering. Of the following qualities, which indicates that it was a symbolic object, rather than a functional one?
Its large size and weight.
What might explain Praxiteles' portrayal of Aphrodite in the nude?
Its location near West Asia, where depictions of Ishtar were unclothed, may have been influential.
What noteworthy difference is there between kore and kouros figures?
Kore figures are always clothed.
With whom was this fang ding buried?
Lady Fu Hao
Which philosophy did the Qin embrace?
Legalism
Which of the following was not a technique used by the artists of Livia's wall painting to create the illusion of nature indoors?
Linear perspective.
Which of the following is the oldest known sculpture in human history, dated to around 40,000-35,000 BCE?
Lion-human statuette from cave in southwest Germany.
What makes this figure characteristically Greek?
Male nudity.
This object was made by which culture?
Middle Jōmon
What evidence still exists attesting to the high quality of now-lost Greek painting?
Painted ceramic vessels.
Which of the following persons is depicted in the only surviving painted portrait of a Roman emperor?
Septimius Severus
Which ancient plan would influence Islamic design a thousand years later?
The four-part garden plan.
Several strategies are used to assert the deceased's status EXCEPT which of the following?
The inscription discusses her wealth.
How does this Middle Kingdom statue of Senusret III differ in style from Old Kingdom images of kings?
The king appears expressive and individualistic.
What stylistic choice identifies this sculpture as being from the Late Roman Empire?
The lack of realistic forms or sense of movement in the figures.
Why did Persian kings support religious temples dedicated to a range of Mesopotamian gods?
The Persian rulers believed it would signal the gods' approval of them.
The grooves on the face of this small figure resemble ichi, the lines cut into the face of twentieth-century Igbo men. What were the scars intended to show?
The men had earned their society's highest honors.
What does this grave stele suggest about the identity or values of the culture that created the burial?
They valued contests of strength and perhaps competition.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about New Guinea prehistoric stone sculpture and Lapita art traditions?
They were almost certainly NOT the only art traditions in Oceania between 2600 BCE and 300 CE; they survive because some of the artwork they produced was made from durable materials.
What best describes early Cycladic settlements?
They were fortified with walls and towers.
Which statement best describes the function of obelisks in New Kingdom Egypt?
They were offerings to the solar deities, often linking ruler to gods.
From what material were Cycladic figures made?
marble
What was the preferred building material for Greek temples?
marble
What is the name of the triangular architectural element shown in this image?
pediment
While most known Cycladic figures are depictions of women, a small number of male figures have been found, and are usually in what position?
playing a harp
What is the medium of this artwork?
What is the term for the type of object shown here?
sestertius
What is the medium of this artwork?
stained glass
What was the primary function of bronze vessels in the Shang culture?
to perform ritual offerings to the ancestors
The gold bowl from Ugarit, adorned with an intricate array of images created through the repoussé technique, is an important example of what?
Vast trade networks and resultant cross-cultural taste.
Why did the Hittites build water monuments near springs and rivers, such as the sacred pool complex, Eflatun Pinar?
Water was considered a site of communication with ancestors and gods of the underworld.
Although its purpose continues to be debated, Stonehenge has had multiple functions. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
dwelling
A floorplan tells us which of the following?
how an architectural space is laid out
Which architectural site transcended power struggles and maintained its importance across Mesopotamia?
the ziggurat and sanctuary at Ur
What best describes a hypostyle hall?
A multi-columned room.
Which new type of pottery was developed in the city of Corinth?
black-figure
Why was the Athenian Akropolis in ruins after 479 BCE?
It was destroyed by Persian forces and left by the Greeks as a memorial.
Which of the following is the earliest in date?
"flame" vessels
Which of the following observable details is more Hellenistic than Classical?
The twisting action of the scene.
Gudea's clean-shaven face suggests what?
His religious dedication.
What is a mastaba?
A massive, flat-topped rectangular tomb building with slanted side walls; built of either mud brick or cut stone.
Which of the following best characterizes the stylistic shift that occurred in the Late Classical era?
A movement toward more realist works representing the everyday can be seen.
What is a tholos?
A round, vaulted building, often a tomb.
What is the likely source material for the Laocoön sculpture?
A scene related to the defeat of Troy in which a priest and his sons are punished by the gods.
What do scholars suggest is the theme of this painting in House Xeste 3?
A scene representing stages in a rite of passage.
What was the function of an ancient Greek temple?
A temple was the setting for sacrifices and offerings.
Which ruler proclaimed that there was one official state deity, rather than a multiplicity?
Akhenaten
Why do scholars believe red-figure pottery became more popular than black-figure?
Artists could paint fine details to create the illusion of three dimensions.
Kamares ware is a type of pottery made by early Minoans. Why is it also called eggshell ware?
Because its walls are very thin.
Why are the paintings at the Knossos palace still so vivid?
Because they used the true fresco technique, which is painting on wet plaster.
The raised podium and frontal stairway of this temple reflect the influence of what culture?
Etruscan
What artistic evidence suggests to scholars a wide range of Minoan influence beyond the Aegean?
Frescoes in the Minoan style found as far away as Syria and the Nile Delta in Egypt.
How can we BEST characterize the stylistic shift in sculpture that distinguishes the Early Classical from the earlier Archaic period?
From stiff to dynamic and serious.
Which of the following is the best definition of foreshortening?
In two-dimensional art, creating the illusion of recession in space.
What does the veristic portrait style of this work indicate?
It bears the stylistic influence of the Roman Republican period.
What is unique about the inscription on this monument?
It credits a non-specific god, reflecting the newly established religious tolerance in Rome.
This faience figurine is one of a pair found where in the palace of Knossos?
Near the throne room in boxes in the floor.
Which Julio-Claudian emperor built the extravagant and expansive Domus Aurea?
Nero
Which of the following is an example of corbeled vaulting?
Regolini-Galassi Tomb.
Which of the following public artworks would have best communicated Augustus's lasting lineage and rule in Rome?
Relief of the imperial family on the Ara Pacis.
In which creative form did the Romans resist Greek influences?
Republican portrait sculpture.
According to this chapter, the Colosseum was used for all the following EXCEPT:
Sacrifices to the Roman gods.
Which of the following statements best describes the statues of Hatshepsut at her funerary complex?
She is depicted as a traditional king, mummy wrapped and wearing the ceremonial crown and beard.
What aesthetic goal did the Temple of Portunus have in common with First Style wall painting?
Simulating the appearance of the marble the Greeks used in important buildings.
What event is depicted here?
The Battle of Issos.
Which of the following statements best describes the historical accuracy of the continuous narrative on Trajan's column?
The narrative is mixed with stock scenes that convey a highly propagandistic message and should not be considered an accurate historical document.
What practical function did objects of this type serve?
The objects were pestles, used for pounding or crushing food or other substances.
Why is one face in this work noticeably missing?
The person was subjected to damnatio memoriae, a dishonor in which his or her image was intentionally erased.
Temples built on ziggurats were elevated, and the highest spaces were reserved for whom?
The priestly class who cared for the site.
What might explain the development of the Marine Style evident in Minoan ceramic ware?
The region's emphasis on seafaring.
Which of the following details is notably Hellenistic?
The use of diagonals and overlapping.
Several features of the paintings at Akrotiri suggest an influence from Minoan Crete. Which of the following is not one of them?
The use of green in landscape details.
Which of the following paintings best demonstrates the settled life of a Neolithic community?
The wall painting depicting large animals and lively human figures from Çatalhöyük, Turkey.
How are kouros figures, like the Anavysos Kouros, markedly different from Egyptian statuary?
They are nude.
What is a possible political reading associated with the mythological battle scenes included on the Parthenon's exterior, such as this one?
They may have symbolized the Greek defeat of the Persians.
The two stones used in the Heb-Sed ritual were symbolic markers of which of the following boundaries?
Those of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Why is this figure depicted with five legs?
To create the illusion of it striding forward when seen from the side.
What was Vespasian's main motivation for building the Colosseum?
To earn back the trust of the Roman people after the rule of Nero.
Which column style is used here?
Tuscan
How does the relief of the imperial family on the Ara Pacis communicate the stability of the dynasty?
Using portraits of his family to represent the imperial lineage.
What is terra-cotta?
a type of low-fired pottery
What technique was used to make this object?
abrading with drills and sand
Which of the architectural terms listed below is not pictured in this interior view of the Treasury of Atreus?
engaged columns
What artistic technique is demonstrated in this piece?
granulation
What is the medium of this elephant figure?
jade
Which of the following artworks provides the best illustration of Mycenaean reactions to the unrest in the region around 1200 BCE?
krater called the Warrior Vase.
What are the rounded structures shown here called?
tumuli
What did the decorative program at the Temple of Athena Nike focus on?
victory
What makes this calmly seated figure a work of Hellenistic art?
The specificity of the individual's experience rather than an ideal.
What is noteworthy about the legs of the Kritios Boy?
The stance suggests potential movement, or contrapposto.
The First Emperor of Qin is responsible for which of the following?
The terra-cotta army
Which of the following statements is NOT true about petroglyphs?
They are fossilized.
Ramesses II commissioned two temples at the southern frontier of Egypt. What was their function?
They were dedicated to the king and queen, deifying them.
Why did Septimius Severus have himself depicted with a split beard and large corkscrew curls?
To visually reinforce a connection between himself and Marcus Aurelius.
One recent excavation site has changed the way scholars understand the early Neolithic era, because it evidences hunter-gatherers working together to build a megalithic mountain sanctuary. Which site is it?
Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey.
The female form is most common in Paleolithic sculpture, but other forms have been found, too, including hybrid figures, such as the Lion-Human figurine found in Germany. What do scholars think might explain these early human-animal combinations?
Artists may have exaggerated certain characteristics to express ideas beyond what they saw.
Where was the fabric used for this jacket made?
India
Which of the following characterizes the way space is represented in the tomb painting at Hierakonpolis?
Informally positioned figures who are grouped together based on the activities they perform.
What figure from Roman mythology does the figure of Christ in this mosaic resemble?
Orpheus
What is corbeling?
Overlapping wood, stone, or brick wall projections arranged so that each course extends farther from the wall than the course below.
Why do most scholars now think Paleolithic people went through the trouble of painting wild animals deep in caves, such as at the 1300-foot-long Chauvet Cave?
Paintings may have transformed caves into potent and potentially divine spaces.
Utilitarian coarseware bowls were mass-produced between 3800-3100 BCE in the Uruk period. This development indicates which of the following?
Pottery production needed to keep up with a rapidly growing population.
What subject matter appears in the ceiling mosaics of Santa Constanza?
Vines and figures stomping grapes.
Which of the following is true about the site of Çatalhöyük?
The settlement was inhabited continuously for more than 1,000 years.
What might Claudius's shift to a more rustic style, in contrast to the Classical style of Caligula, indicate?
A break from the excesses of Caligula's rule.
Where is this mural located?
A synagogue.
Which of these works is made mostly of tesserae?
Alexander Mosaic, House of the Faun.
The kinds of ornament found on bronze weapons and vessels of the Shang culture include which of the following?
All of the answer options are correct.
Where would a sculpture like this one have been placed?
Along the roof of an Etruscan temple.
While some ancient Egyptian ideas may have been influential in ancient Greece, which of the following was not?
An artistic focus on the afterlife.
Why is this structure called the Great Bath?
Archaeologic evidence shows that the massive structure was designed to hold water, and it also had two large staircases. This evidence has led some scholars to conclude that it might have been a public bath, but the structure's function is still not fully understood.
Flavian portraiture of women indicates that Romans valued which of the following?
Both youth and maturity.
How did Julius Caesar disseminate his portrait throughout Roman territories?
By emblazoning his profile on denarius coins.
What city did Constantine rename Constantinople and declare the New Rome?
Byzantium
Which of these works most clearly alludes to the legendary founding of Rome?
Capitoline Wolf
How is the gesture of prayer shown in early Christian art?
Figures standing upright, with their arms extended.
What was the function of the Parthenon's cella?
It housed a colossal and expensive cult image.
What is faience?
It is a glassy fired substance made of crushed stone or sand.
Which definition BEST describes a stele?
It is a stone slab that is placed upright and often includes imagery and/or inscriptions.
Which of the following best characterizes the role of a cella?
It is an inner chamber of a temple, usually housing a statue of a deity.
How does the Etruscan statue of Apulu from Veii differ from a typical Greek Archaic sculpture?
It is in an active pose, making a distinctive gesture.
Which of the following is a good description of material culture?
It is the materials, objects, and technology that accompany everyday life.
What might be the reason ancient sculptors gave their statues the Archaic smile?
It makes the sculpture appear more lifelike.
Which is the best clarification of the term Hellenistic?
It means Greek-like, referring to the mixed culture that succeeded Alexander's empire.
How did the style of Constantine's colossal portrait depart from the trend seen in the portrait of the Tetrarchs?
It moves away from abstraction and depicts an idealized but individual ruler with aspirations toward global domination.
What was the main cultural effect of the Edict of Milan in 313?
It outlawed the persecution of Christians, allowing the new faith to grow in size and influence.
Why do art historians argue that the Gemma Augustea was created after the death of Augustus?
It shows Augustus as a god.
Which of the following accurately describes this figure from the Lapita culture?
It shows stylistic affinities with later Polynesian sculpture.
What did this particular depiction of Cleopatra convey about her?
It used characteristics of aging to imbue her image with wisdom and dignity.
Which of the following provides the description of the Parthenon?
It was a predominantly Doric temple, rich with refinements such as entasis, and a sculptural program that represents the Greeks as victorious.
How was this object made?
It was built by stacking coils of clay.
Why was King Tutankhamun's tomb so remarkable?
It was found intact, which is extremely rare.
Which of the following makes this sculptural pair unique to the era?
It was the earliest known sculpture commemorating people.
This vessel's form and decoration communicate several things EXCEPT which of the following?
Its form tells us that it was used for serving wine at the funeral.
The elaborately carved cameo Gemma Augustea shows an eagle resting at the feet of which god or goddess?
Jupiter
What is the best explanation for why there is so much male nudity in Classical Greek sculpture?
Nudity suggests heroism in battle, which was a cultural value.
A major component of Augustus's imperial ideology was Pax Romana. What does Pax Romana mean?
Peace of Rome
Early Christian basilicas are modelled after what kind of Roman building?
Roman law courts.
Certain objects are evidence of previously unknown cultures contemporaneous with the Shang, such as this bronze standing figure. From which site was it excavated?
Sanxingdui, in present-day Sichuan province
Book of the Dead illustrate shifting views on beliefs about the afterlife in the New Kingdom?
Scenes of judgement were included, such as weighing the deceased's heart.
What is the meaning of the shape typically found at the very center of the flat top of a Dong Son drum?
Scholars typically interpret it as a star or splash of water.
Which element of iconography on the sculpture of Augustus as imperatorsymbolizes the peace during Augustus's rule?
The Roman solider receiving a standard.
Rock-cut tombs, such as the tomb of a priest named Amenemhat, allowed for what innovation?
The carving of columns and lintels as decorative features, rather than functional.
Based on this plan, what is the main feature of a Minoan palace complex?
The central courtyard
If the date of this tomb were unknown, what aspect of the painting would place it clearly in the Late Classical fourth century BCE?
The dramatic gestures and expressions.
How does Winged Victory (Nike) of Samothrace sculpture exemplify Hellenistic art?
The dramatic treatment of the drapery pressing against her form.
The Ain Ghazal statues found near Amman, Jordan were found buried together in a group of 30. What do scholars believe this suggests?
The figures may have had a funerary function.
The Arch of Titus was built to commemorate Roman victory in the Jewish Wars. Choose which detail on the arch best illustrates the Flavian dynasty's interest in building for the people.
The inscription SPQR.
What characteristic of this sculpture is uniquely Etruscan?
The inscription on the toga.
How does the Law Stele of Hammurabi portray the dispensing of royal power on the ruler?
The king is receiving the insignia of royal power, the rod and ring.
Which of the following is NOT portrayed in the Law Stele of Hammurabi?
The king's power symbolized by throne and crown.
Which of the following explains why this object appears to be missing a limb?
The limb was broken intentionally, perhaps in a ritual offering or sacrifice.
Which iconographical element found within the narratives on the Arch of Titus reveals that it was constructed after his death?
The scene of Titus' apotheosis.
Which of these Roman structures would later become the basis for Christian churches?
basilicas
How do we know that this sculpture represents the bodhisattva Tara?
its iconography
Cycladic figures are fairly abstract, geometrical in form, and devoid of decorative details other than some incised lines and what else?
paint
Which of the following public works was sponsored by the Flavian Dynasty?
the Colosseum
According to Plato, who lived around the time of Polykleitos, the Greek concept of beauty was based on what?
proportion
What shape does apsidal designate?
semi-circular
What term refers to the use of realistic signs of age to convey wisdom and character in portraiture?
verism
Where is this building located?
Baku, Azerbaijan
The cylinder seal was an innovation of the Uruk period. What was innovative about it?
Its round design, which enabled a continuous image.
Coffin texts in the Middle Kingdom reflect what changing belief about the afterlife?
That elites could dwell among the gods, too.
Why are the near life-size, gift-bearing figures adorning the Apadana described as having turned the architecture into "imperial theater"?
Because they replicated actual activities that would have been undertaken in the hall.
Mesopotamian cylinder seals have been found in Egypt demonstrating the existence of direct or indirect trade between these two ancient cultures. Which of the following provides additional evidence of potential contact?
A similar figure to the priest-king is found on a knife carved in Egypt.
The funerary enclosure of Khasekhemwy at Abydos was an open-air structure that contained which of the following?
A structure that held offerings to the deceased king.
The post-and-lintel system is best described as which of the following?
A system in which two upright posts support a horizontal one.
The Temple of Anu at Uruk was built of mudbrick atop which of the following structures?
A tall earthen platform that raised the temple above the city's urban center.
What is depicted on this object?
Biblical narratives.
What feature of the Seated Scribe statue indicates that the deceased was a wealthy man?
Folds of stomach fat, which were culturally viewed as highly desirable.
Why are some paintings in the Archaic Style now barely visible, as documented in new photographs?
Foreign visitors sponged these figures with water so they could take better photographs of them, in turn washing away pigment.
Given the associations between specific materials and religious values in many African cultures, for what reason, according to many art historians, was gold chosen for this pendant?
Gold was believed to contain the solar powers of Hathor, an Egyptian and Nubian goddess of the sun.
How does Ti compare to the other figures represented in his tomb?
He is portrayed in hierarchical scale, with each bodily element shown from the most identifiable angle, while other figures are smaller and in more animated poses.
How was St. Lawrence martyred?
He was burned to death on a grill.
The bearded man in a long robe, who grasps the throats of two lions, on the Gebel el-Arak knife has been identified as an example of which of the following?
Intentional iconographic exchange between Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Why do scholars think the lion in this scene was depicted with such sharply observed and naturalistic detail?
It demonstrated the king's prowess when faced with the lion's size and strength.
How does the Stele of Naram-Sin completely break from previous Mesopotamian visual conventions?
It eliminates the horizontal registers.
The Akkadian Disk of Enheduanna is noteworthy for which reason?
It identifies the ruler's daughter in text and likely depicts her on the other side.
Which of the following is true about comparative analysis?
It often leads to insights that we might not get by looking at just one artwork.
By depicting the parts of the human body from various perspectives in two-dimensional media, such as the head and legs in profile while the torso and eye face frontally, Egyptian artists sought to do which of the following?
Represent it in a harmonious, identifiable way.
In what way does this imposing entrance to a Kushite temple at Naqa differ from Egyptian temples of the same time period?
The Kushite temple is protected by an image of a queen and a king; Egyptian queens were never shown in this pose.
Twentieth-century Yoruba artists exaggerated the size of the heads of statues because they were focusing on character and destiny, believed to originate in the head. What do the proportions of this small Nok Style figure suggest?
The Nok Style artist may have had religious or philosophical reasons for exaggerating the size of the head.
Which part of the palace does the Investiture of Zimri-Lim fresco at the Palace of Mari appear to replicate?
The ceremonial courtyard near the throne room.
One of the earliest known world maps, made in the first millennium BCE, is organized as a circle with what feature placed prominently at the center?
The city of Babylon.
Why is the Ishtar Gate referred to as the ceremonial entrance to the city?
The gate played a major role in the city's central religious festival.
Djoser's funerary complex contains Egypt's first known example of which architectural structure?
The step pyramid.
What item was said to have been housed in the Ark of the Covenant?
The stone tablets of the Ten Commandments.
The sites of Göbekli Tepe and Mnajdra have several similarities, except for which of the following?
The structures were built for calendrical purposes.
The textbook defines iconography as "images or symbols used to convey specific meanings in an artwork." Which of the following is another way of describing iconography?
The subject matter depicted.
Which of the following BEST supports that fact that the temple was the center of life in ancient Uruk?
The temple had great economic power, organizing agriculture and trade.
Which of the following details from the Standard of Ur is a good example of hierarchical scale?
The top register with seated and standing figures.
How are the cultural values of Pastoralist Style artists revealed in their choice of materials?
Their paints were made of pigments bound with cow's milk.
Why did the Egyptians depict papyrus plants in spaces like the House of the North in Djoser's funerary complex?
They believed that these plants occupied the marsh on the journey to the afterlife.
Akkadian art differs from Mesopotamian art that came before in one specific way; which is it?
They increasingly depicted military victories and Akkadian rulers.
What do the size and shape of two of the heads found near the town of Lydenburg, in South Africa, suggest?
They may have been worn over the head as helmet masks.
Study of the trove of statues found at the Temple of Abu from the Early Dynastic Period (2950-2350 BCE) suggests their function. Which of the following is NOT a possible function of the statues?
They were laid to rest as part of a funerary rite.
Which of the following best characterizes the large animals that appear most frequently in the rock art of the uKhalamba or Drakensberg?
They were very large antelopes called elands.
Why does this statue of King Menkaure and his queen portray the couple as young, calm, and strong?
To embody the Egyptian ideal for rulers: youthful, healthy, and united.
Why was Memphis' necropolis, Saqqara, built on the plateau of the western bank of the Nile?
To facilitate the deceased's transition to the afterlife, as death was associated with the west and the setting sun.
What was the purpose of the ka statue?
To house a person's ka (life force) and receive devotional offerings from visitors and priests.
Why did Egyptians develop the mummification process?
To preserve the body after death so that the person's ba and kacould return to it.
Why does the Old Testament story of Jonah appear in early Christian catacombs?
To suggest the resurrection of the dead.
What comprises the figure's head in this sculpture?
a globe tracing Hong Kong's stock-market activity from 2013
Which is the most accurate definition of a megalithic structure?
a structure that is built with massive stones
What do the children in the foreground of this painting notice?
an anamorphic projection of a blonde woman's head
A formal analysis of this ceremonial board from Papua New Guinea would consider all of the following EXCEPT:
its original function during initiation ceremonies
Who occupies the center of this painting's composition?
the Buddha
Rising global temperatures around 9600 BCE generated a transition from a hunting-gathering lifestyle in small groups to a settled life in larger, year-round communities. Based on archaeological evidence, where did this transition occur first?
the Fertile Crescent in West Asia
This textbook examines art from all six inhabited continents. In contrast, historically, the canon of art history has focused on which of the following?
the art of western Europe and white North America at the expense of art from other cultures
What is the subject matter of this painting?
the bombing of a town during the Spanish Civil War
Low-relief carving is best described by which of the following?
the depth of carving is low
Which techniques were used to shape the final form of this woven artwork?
warp and weft