Files and Folders

File extensions like _________ can be hidden

.docx

Gigabyte

1 billion bytes

Megabyte

1 million bytes

Defragmenter

Alliance data in adjacent sectors to speed retrieval time

Details pane

At bottom; information on selected file

windows explorer

Change file or folder names, Delete , open, rearrange, files/folders, Rename a folder or file, copy/move files/folders, See personal or public (can be shared with others) folders - Start/File Explorer/This PC/ C:/Users, Create a new folder: R click/New/Folder

To select the series of files

Click the first file, hold down the shift key and click the last file

Formatting

Creates the electronic tracks and sectors to hold data

d:/budget/mybudget/january.xlsx

Device letter, folder name, sub folder name, file name and extension

d:/budget/mybudget

Device letter, folder, name and file name

Folder

Groups files for easy retrieval, indicated by small yellow folder icon

To select non-contiguous files

Hold down the CTRL key while you select each file

Recycle bin

Holding area for files you have deleted from the hard disk

When you delete a file

It remains on the disk

The read/write heads hover

Just above the disk surface but do not touch the surface

Windows file explorer

List files by date, by size and type, alphabetical order, folders and files can be displayed as text or icons

Three Types of Storage

Magnetic, Optical, Solid State

Device letter, folder

Name and filename

Folders pane

On left; all storage devices and folders

File pane

On right; contents of clicked file or border

Virus

Program that attaches itself to legitimate software, replicate itself to other programs, has unique bites that distinguish it from legitimate files (virus signature)

Use system restored when needed

Repairs operating system files, reverts settings to earlier point in time (restore point), preserves data files

For extreme damage; system recovery disk

Restores your computer to factory new status, image of your hard disk as it was configured by the manufacturer

You can copy

Single file or files. Use R click/copy

Purchase antivirus software

Skins for virus signatures and email attachments, downloads and storage devices

Clipboard

Temporary holding area in memory; used to copy and paste or cut and paste

Access time

The average time it takes to read/right heads to locate and collect data from the disks

Avoid losing data

Use a surge strip, safe work frequently, use a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) Will keep computer running long enough to save files and shut down

PC hard disk

Usually contains 2 to 4 platters which cannot be removed

Saving a File

Windows is not case sensitive, can be stored on hard disk, CD, DVD, UFD (flash drive), other storage device, Storage devices have unique device letters, C= hard drive, A or B = floppy drive

File Format

based on type of data the file contains and the software used to create it

File

collection of dat, e.g. spreadsheet, music, webpage

Pits

dark spots on a CD/DVD

Native file format

format an application works with docx for Word.tif, .png, .bmp, etc. for photos

Lands

light areas on a CD/DVD

Magnetic

magnetizes microscopic particles on a disk/tape surface; permanent but modifiable; gradually lose their charge

Optical

records data as microscopic light and dark spots on surface of specially-coated disc

Solid State

stores data in erasable, rewritable circuitry; each cell in a grid of circuits has two transistors (gates) which can be open or closed; also called flash memory

Windows Explorer

the folder window left click on Start - File Explorer