Final Exam

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

What is the just-world hypothesis?

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

anorexia nervosa

Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________.

are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex

Late maturing boys are ________.

at a higher risk of depression

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa.

bulimia

_______ is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed

bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage?

conservation

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

developmental milestones

Specific normative events are also called ____________________.

developmental milestones

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

Carl mows the yard of his elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this?

extrinsic

Which of the following are examples of the social level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

family and friendship

Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of ________.

fine motor skills

_______ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

flow

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?

forming an identity

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

groupthink

Temperament refers to ________.

inborn, genetically based personality differences

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

infant rooting for a nipple

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

An infant sucking is a good example of a(n) ________.

instinct

________ motivation is based on internal feelings rather than external rewards.

intrinsic

The________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

Personality is thought to be ________.

long term, stable and not easily changed

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

motor

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralization

The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ________.

personality

typically, bullying from boys is to ________ as bullying from girls is to ________.

physical harm; emotional harm

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives

positive psychology

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?

preoperational

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.

psychotic

Which of the following are good examples of the security level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

safety and employment

______are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.

safety behaviors

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

A(n) ________ is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.

social norm

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

social support

The way a person reacts to the world, starting when they are very young, including the person's activity level is known as ________.

temperament

Which of the following adolescents is least likely to be targeted for bullying?

the captain of the football team

_______ proposed the hierarchy of needs.

Abraham Maslow

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Adderall

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Which of the following is a way that anorexia nervosa is different from bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia is associated with starvation, and bulimia is associated with binge eating.

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study?

Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity—including race, class, and gender.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

_______ is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality

Freud

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism

Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?

This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior.

The word "Asch" should be replaced by "Zimbardo."