Final Exam

In a Karyn type of a male, which of the following would indicate an abnormality?

Three copies of chromosome 22

Which of the following would be found in the oviduct immediately after fertilization?

a zygote

The structures that carry signals away from the cell body of a neuron are called

axons

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

base

Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably. This, cancer cells

have a relatively short G1 phase

Minerals are

required by human body in small amounts

Another name for the "pacemaker" of the heart is the

sinoatrial (SA) node

A thoroughbred racehorse could have at most _____alleles of the same gene

2

The first eukaryotes evolved approximately _______years ago.

2 billion

Which of the following genetic change would NOT be passed from parent to child?

A mutation in a skin cell

Which of these carries the most energy

ATP

Which of these kingdoms share a most recent, common ancestor?

Animal and Fungi

Which of the following choice represents the genotype of an individual diploid organism?

BbCCdd

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction in animals is true?

Bother parents contribute genes to the offspring

Which of the following is difference between binary fission and mitosis?

Breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Which of the following statement about cardiac muscle is true?

Cardiac muscle contains bands like skeletal muscle, but it's contractions are involuntary like smooth muscle

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the biological hierarchy of a multicellular organism?

Cell -> tissue -> organs -> individual

What is biological evolution?

Change in the inherited characteristics of a group of organisms over generations

Which of the following is NOT a part of an atom

Element

If a father is affected by an X-linked condition and the mother is a carrier, What is the probability of their children being affected

Half of the sons will be affected

Who two competent denature proteins

Heat and pH

Which of the following is not a type of study under the scientific method

Identifiable

Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the______portion of cell division

Metaphase

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is true?

Negative feedback slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reach

Which following things happens during inhalation?

Oxygen-rich air enters the alveoli

Which of the following statements about the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is NOT true?

The PNS stimulate organs?

Two organisms that are true-breeding for a certain genetic characteristic are mated and their offspring analyzed. which of the following statements about this situation is true?

The offspring are either 100 percent homozygotes or 100 percent heterozygous

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

They are both metabolic processes

Which of the following statements is true of Mendel's laws?

They correctly explain how genes are inherited

Carbohydrates and fats are both

Used as energy sources

Which of the following features could be found in vein, but NOT in an artery?

a one-way valve

Adaptive evolution allows species to

adjust to environmental changes

New alleles arise by

allele frequency

The development of upright posture in horminins is likely

an adaptation for living on the ground instead of in the trees

Chromosomes that are NOT involved in determining gender are known as

autosomes

Which of the following terms describes all organisms on Earth plus their environments?

biosphere

All primates Have opposable thumbs. This means the thumbs

can be touch to each of the other fingers on the same hand.

The central element found in organic molecules is

carbon

The function of the esophagus is to

carry food to the stomach

For human to inhale, the rib muscles and the diaphragm must

contract, decreasing pressure inside lung?

Two different species may have similar features because of

descent from a common ancestor

The order of the base pairs in DNA molecule

differs from species to species

Two copies of the same gene on a single chromosome would indicate a(n)______had occurred

duplication

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created nor destroyed

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

energy is released and can power cellular activities.

Geographic isolation limit the _______between populations of a species

gene flow

Populations within a species are connected by

gene flow

An increase in average temperatures worldwide called

global warming

Which step of cellular respiration occurs outside the mitochondria

glycolysis

The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are

glycolysis, The Karen's cycle , and oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following is a collection of organs

heart, lungs, and liver

Both humans and whales evolved from a common ancestor. Although our forelimbs are quite different, they are made of the same bones. This is an example of a(n)

homologous structure

Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus?

intron removal

Protein coding gene specify the production of ______as their immediate product

mRNA

Mendel's laws of segregation and indecent assortment both have their biological basis in events that take place during

meiosis

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through our digestive tract?

mouth to esophagus to stomach to small intestine to anus

Evolutionary changes occur when _____acts upon populations containing individuals with genetic differences

natural selection

Sympatric speciation

occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier.

Fossils found in deeper layer are _____than fossils found in more shallow layers

older

Once replication in a DNA molecule is complete, each new DNA molecule contains

one old strand and one new strand

The appearance of eukaryotes may have been delayed until more ______accumulated in Earth's atmosphere

oxygen

Which of the following hormones is partially responsible for initiating labor contractions?

oxytocin

A ______is a chart that shows genetic relationships within a family over several generations

pedigree

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the organization of muscle tissue from smallest to largest component?

sacromeres myofibrils to muscle fibers

DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all

share the same chemical DNA structure

The gender of a human child is determined by the

sperm

As transcription begins, RNA polymerase binds to a segment of a gene called a(n)

start codon

Evolution is

strongly supported by scientific evidence

In Mendel's controlled mating experiments the individuals produced by crossing two true-breeding parent are referred to as

the P generation

Which of the following does NOT represent a phenotype?

the alleles in a mouse that control hair color

By what mechanism do most hormones travel though the organism that produces them?

the circulatory system

Which of the following organs coordinate(s) communication between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

the hypothalamus

Which of the following organs plays role in producing vitamin D?

the skin

Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if

they encounter a substrate that fits their active site.

At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is the

universal ancestor

Which of the following functions occurs in the urinary bladder but NOT in nephrons?

urine storage

The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species. This is the basis for

variations in phenotypes

Large blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart are

veins

Evolution can be described as

a change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time

What is the total of alleles present for any Give gene in a population individuals

200

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are

Artificially Isolated?

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by_____bonds between their base pairs

Hydrogen

The Cambrian Explosion

Increased the diversity of animal life on Earth

Natural Selection

Is the principle cause of evolutionary change

Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

It is process by which organism grow and maintain their tissues.

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organism access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants

They key enzyme used during transcription is

RNA polymerase

A scientific hypothesis must be ______; if not, science cannot evaluate it

Testable

One side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit, and the other side of the heart pumps

The left side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall than the right side.

The pulmonary _______ carries ________ blood from the heart to the lung

artery; oxygen-poor

Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use _______ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.

artificial selection

Disruptive selection operates whenever

both extremes of the phenotype are more successful

The liquid portion of human blood cannot absorb enough oxygen to meet the body's demands. However, __________ in our red blood cells greatly increase(s) the oxygen-carrying capacity of human blood.

hemoglobin

DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life;

it is the blueprint that guides the growth, development, behavior, and reproduction of all organisms

Which of the following sensory receptor types is NOT found in humans?

magnetoreceptors

Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees they live on. Populations of peppered moths found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color.

natural selection

For homework, your instructor ask you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?

organ system

Most inherited human disorders are the result of

recessive mutations of genes located on autosomes

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrient when it reaches which of the following organs?

the large intestine

Of the following nitrogenous bases DNA, which one does not belong?

thyroxine