Final Exam
In a Karyn type of a male, which of the following would indicate an abnormality?
Three copies of chromosome 22
Which of the following would be found in the oviduct immediately after fertilization?
a zygote
The structures that carry signals away from the cell body of a neuron are called
axons
What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?
base
Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably. This, cancer cells
have a relatively short G1 phase
Minerals are
required by human body in small amounts
Another name for the "pacemaker" of the heart is the
sinoatrial (SA) node
A thoroughbred racehorse could have at most _____alleles of the same gene
2
The first eukaryotes evolved approximately _______years ago.
2 billion
Which of the following genetic change would NOT be passed from parent to child?
A mutation in a skin cell
Which of these carries the most energy
ATP
Which of these kingdoms share a most recent, common ancestor?
Animal and Fungi
Which of the following choice represents the genotype of an individual diploid organism?
BbCCdd
Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction in animals is true?
Bother parents contribute genes to the offspring
Which of the following is difference between binary fission and mitosis?
Breakdown of the nuclear envelope
Which of the following statement about cardiac muscle is true?
Cardiac muscle contains bands like skeletal muscle, but it's contractions are involuntary like smooth muscle
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the biological hierarchy of a multicellular organism?
Cell -> tissue -> organs -> individual
What is biological evolution?
Change in the inherited characteristics of a group of organisms over generations
Which of the following is NOT a part of an atom
Element
If a father is affected by an X-linked condition and the mother is a carrier, What is the probability of their children being affected
Half of the sons will be affected
Who two competent denature proteins
Heat and pH
Which of the following is not a type of study under the scientific method
Identifiable
Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the______portion of cell division
Metaphase
Which of the following statements about negative feedback is true?
Negative feedback slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reach
Which following things happens during inhalation?
Oxygen-rich air enters the alveoli
Which of the following statements about the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is NOT true?
The PNS stimulate organs?
Two organisms that are true-breeding for a certain genetic characteristic are mated and their offspring analyzed. which of the following statements about this situation is true?
The offspring are either 100 percent homozygotes or 100 percent heterozygous
Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?
They are both metabolic processes
Which of the following statements is true of Mendel's laws?
They correctly explain how genes are inherited
Carbohydrates and fats are both
Used as energy sources
Which of the following features could be found in vein, but NOT in an artery?
a one-way valve
Adaptive evolution allows species to
adjust to environmental changes
New alleles arise by
allele frequency
The development of upright posture in horminins is likely
an adaptation for living on the ground instead of in the trees
Chromosomes that are NOT involved in determining gender are known as
autosomes
Which of the following terms describes all organisms on Earth plus their environments?
biosphere
All primates Have opposable thumbs. This means the thumbs
can be touch to each of the other fingers on the same hand.
The central element found in organic molecules is
carbon
The function of the esophagus is to
carry food to the stomach
For human to inhale, the rib muscles and the diaphragm must
contract, decreasing pressure inside lung?
Two different species may have similar features because of
descent from a common ancestor
The order of the base pairs in DNA molecule
differs from species to species
Two copies of the same gene on a single chromosome would indicate a(n)______had occurred
duplication
The first law of thermodynamics states that
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,
energy is released and can power cellular activities.
Geographic isolation limit the _______between populations of a species
gene flow
Populations within a species are connected by
gene flow
An increase in average temperatures worldwide called
global warming
Which step of cellular respiration occurs outside the mitochondria
glycolysis
The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are
glycolysis, The Karen's cycle , and oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is a collection of organs
heart, lungs, and liver
Both humans and whales evolved from a common ancestor. Although our forelimbs are quite different, they are made of the same bones. This is an example of a(n)
homologous structure
Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus?
intron removal
Protein coding gene specify the production of ______as their immediate product
mRNA
Mendel's laws of segregation and indecent assortment both have their biological basis in events that take place during
meiosis
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through our digestive tract?
mouth to esophagus to stomach to small intestine to anus
Evolutionary changes occur when _____acts upon populations containing individuals with genetic differences
natural selection
Sympatric speciation
occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier.
Fossils found in deeper layer are _____than fossils found in more shallow layers
older
Once replication in a DNA molecule is complete, each new DNA molecule contains
one old strand and one new strand
The appearance of eukaryotes may have been delayed until more ______accumulated in Earth's atmosphere
oxygen
Which of the following hormones is partially responsible for initiating labor contractions?
oxytocin
A ______is a chart that shows genetic relationships within a family over several generations
pedigree
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the organization of muscle tissue from smallest to largest component?
sacromeres myofibrils to muscle fibers
DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all
share the same chemical DNA structure
The gender of a human child is determined by the
sperm
As transcription begins, RNA polymerase binds to a segment of a gene called a(n)
start codon
Evolution is
strongly supported by scientific evidence
In Mendel's controlled mating experiments the individuals produced by crossing two true-breeding parent are referred to as
the P generation
Which of the following does NOT represent a phenotype?
the alleles in a mouse that control hair color
By what mechanism do most hormones travel though the organism that produces them?
the circulatory system
Which of the following organs coordinate(s) communication between the endocrine system and the nervous system?
the hypothalamus
Which of the following organs plays role in producing vitamin D?
the skin
Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if
they encounter a substrate that fits their active site.
At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is the
universal ancestor
Which of the following functions occurs in the urinary bladder but NOT in nephrons?
urine storage
The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species. This is the basis for
variations in phenotypes
Large blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart are
veins
Evolution can be described as
a change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time
What is the total of alleles present for any Give gene in a population individuals
200
Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are
Artificially Isolated?
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by_____bonds between their base pairs
Hydrogen
The Cambrian Explosion
Increased the diversity of animal life on Earth
Natural Selection
Is the principle cause of evolutionary change
Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?
It is process by which organism grow and maintain their tissues.
What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants
Photosynthesis captures energy that other organism access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants
They key enzyme used during transcription is
RNA polymerase
A scientific hypothesis must be ______; if not, science cannot evaluate it
Testable
One side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit, and the other side of the heart pumps
The left side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall than the right side.
The pulmonary _______ carries ________ blood from the heart to the lung
artery; oxygen-poor
Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use _______ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.
artificial selection
Disruptive selection operates whenever
both extremes of the phenotype are more successful
The liquid portion of human blood cannot absorb enough oxygen to meet the body's demands. However, __________ in our red blood cells greatly increase(s) the oxygen-carrying capacity of human blood.
hemoglobin
DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life;
it is the blueprint that guides the growth, development, behavior, and reproduction of all organisms
Which of the following sensory receptor types is NOT found in humans?
magnetoreceptors
Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees they live on. Populations of peppered moths found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color.
natural selection
For homework, your instructor ask you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?
organ system
Most inherited human disorders are the result of
recessive mutations of genes located on autosomes
Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrient when it reaches which of the following organs?
the large intestine
Of the following nitrogenous bases DNA, which one does not belong?
thyroxine