Final Exam Study Guide

Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues? a. decreased turnover of minerals in bone b. increased heart rate and force of contraction c. increased sensitivity of respiratory centers to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations d. decreased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation

b

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting a. antidiuretic hormone b. thyroid hormone c. glucagon d. GHIH e. aldosterone

c

Prostaglandins are examples of which type of hormones? a. tryptophan derivatives b. catecholamines c. eicosanoids d. steroid hormones

c

What is the primary role of G protein in the cell? a. The G protein activates metabolic enzymes. b. The G protein transports hormones across the plasma membrane. c. The G protein aids in the activation of a second messenger. d. The G protein acts as a hormone receptor.

c

Which of the following is NOT characterized by high levels of cortisol in the blood? a. Cushing's disease b. Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome c. Addison's disease d. Cushing's syndrome

c

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome is _______. a. often referred to as "steroid diabetes" b. a result of treatment with glucocorticoid hormones c. physician induced d. All of the above are correct.

d

In a dehydrated person, how would the amount of ADH released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary change? (Module 16.6C) a. It would increase b. It would decrease c. It would stay the same

a

In which mechanism of intercellular communication are target cells in distant tissues and organs? a. endocrine communication b. direct communication c. paracrine communication d. synaptic communication

a

The target cells for the hormone ACTH are located in the _______. a. adrenal cortex b. hypothalamus c. posterior pituitary d. anterior pituitary

a

Which structure secretes hormones involved in the stimulation and coordination of the immune response? a. thymus b. kidneys c. thyroid gland d. pineal gland

a

Which type of hormone is associated with an increase in ATP production? a. Thyroid hormones b. Steroid hormones c. Peptide hormones d. Eicosanoids

a

Why is the plasma membrane a barrier for thyroid hormone to enter a cell, but steroid hormones pass through easily? a. Steroid hormones are hydrophobic and can pass through the lipid bilayer. b. Thyroid hormone uses an intracellular G protein and does not need to enter the cell. c. Steroid hormones are of opposite electric charge than the inside of the cell and are thus pulled inward. d. Thyroid hormones are much larger than steroid hormones.

a

Which endocrine structure secretes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction? a. pancreas b. hypothalamus c. pituitary gland d. pineal gland

b

Which of the following enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling? a. G protein b. phosphodiesterase c. protein kinase d. adenylate cyclase

b

Oxytocin __________. a. stimulates cell growth and reproduction b. stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex c. is released in response to a variety of stimuli, most notably a rise in the solute concentration in the blood, or a fall in blood volume or blood pressure d. rises (in its concentration) during sexual arousal and peaks at orgasm in both sexes

d

Tropic hormones include which of the following? a. CRH b. cortisol c. ACTH d. both ACTH and CRH e. cortisol, ACTH, and CRH

d