Final Exam

Of all the social structures of society, which one is identified as the super structure upon which all other structures are built by the structural functionalists?

family and marriage

What factors account for most of the differences in the earnings of working women and men in most part of the world?

gender discrimination

Dressing infant girls in pink and infant boys in blue to identify their sex is an example of ___.

gender identity

Although sexual harassment is a major social issue, it is a reflection of the deeper broader issue of ______.

gender inequality

Social scientists have concluded from their studies that ____.

gender roles are flexible

Gender socialization begins____.

virtually at the moment of birth (or earlier sometimes) when the physician announces to the parents that the child is a girl or a boy

Which of the following are agents of gender socialization?

- parents - schools - mass media

Gender is not just a matter of differences but also a matter of ____.

- power - wealth - privileges

in which of the following ways do parents socialize their children into gender roles?

- they encourage girls to sit quietly and display proper manners - they give to boys toys that encourage them to manipulate their environment - they decorate girls' rooms with homemaking toys such as dollhouses and tea sets

Comparing the athletic performances of females and males over time in history shows, _______.

- women have been closing the gap with men in moth athletics

Comparing women and men, women's social and political power is the lowest in societies on which continent? A. Africa B. South America C. Europe D. North America

A. Africa

Which of the following is true about gender? A. gender roles are socially constructed B. gender roles are similar from society to society C. Gender roles are constant within a society through time D. all of the above

A. gender roles are socially constructed

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. men and women differ physically in some limited ways B. overall, men are physically superior to women C. overall, women are physically superior to men D. there are no physical differences between men and women

A. men and women differ physically in some limited ways

From which of the following categories of the US population is it true that women do most of the housework? A. employed people B. married people C. people with children D. all of the above

D. all of the above

In the scientific approach to the issue of gender, which of the following has been found to be correct? A. some agreement as to masculine and feminine tasks B. men and women were equally likely to be engaged in working C. most tasks were considered masculine by some societies and feminine by others D. all of the above are correct

D. all of the above are correct

In their global study of gender, sociologist have found ____. A. some agreements as to feminine and masculine tasks B. men and women were likely to be engaged in farming C. most tasks were considered masculine by some societies and feminine by others D. all of the above are correct

D. all of the above are correct

All over the world, women earn less then men in which of the following categories of jobs? A. executives, administrations, and managers B. sales C. machine operators D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

Which of the following is a major reason behind the rising share of women in the paid labor force? A. the increase in farming B. a high divorce rate C. urban rural migration D. increased family size E. all of the above

E. all of the above

T or F: In the US, majority of Bachelor's Degree are earned by men.

False

T or F: In the teaching profession, including teaching at the University levels, the higher the level of education, the larger the share of women.

False

T or F: On the average, males live longer than females.

False

T or F: Research has shown that young males have less mathematical ability but greater verbal ability than young women.

False

T or F: Since no society has been able to eliminate patriarchy, we can conclude that it is inevitable.

False

The 1973 Supreme Court decision that recognized women's constitutional right to and abortion was ____.

Roe vs. Wade

T or F: It is true that in many developing societies, women and children are in the majority in terms of numbers but in the distribution of social and political power, they were the minority.

True

T or F: Most sociological research suggest that gender is socially constructed and thus is subjected to change.

True

T or F: People in the US are reluctant to see women in military combat because of the gender gap.

True

T or F: Pornography dehumanizes women as the sexual playthings of men.

True

T or F: Sexism is that assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.

True

T or F: Do most women in the USA think of themselves as minority?

True (yes)

John went to church on Sunday morning. At the close of the service he greeted the female minister at the door by standing at attention, and giving her a snappy salute. John's behavior has violated:

a folkway

Comparable worth refers to the idea that _____.

all jobs should be rewarded equally

Scientific researches on gender all over the world have revealed that ____.

all societies display changing gender definitions

In observing children at play, gender sociologists have concluded that ____.

boys favor games with clear winners and losers

Pink collared work refers to what type of jobs?

clerical

Under gender and power discussion, which of the following paradigm refers to marriage as creating social inequality at home?

conflict

Resistance to feminism is ____.

directed mostly at socialist and radical feminism

What is the term that refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions?

glass ceiling

Men show greater ___ ability than women; women show greater ____ ability than men.

mathematical; verbal

What is the term of social organization in which males dominate females?

patriarchy

When a woman marries, she traditionally replaces her last name with that of her husband. This practice reflects ___.

patriarchy in society

What type of feminism links the social disadvantages of women to the capitalist economic system?

radical feminism

What type of feminism seeks to eliminate patriarchy by elimination the idea of gender itself?

radical feminism

Gender refers to:

the personal and social position that members of a society attached to being female or male

Current research about gender and education reveals that in US colleges, men outnumber women in courses dealing with ___.

the sciences

The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that ____.

women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance.