final

A common Mesoamerican practice of constructing shells indicating earlier walls nesting within the later walls is called superimposition. a. True b. False

a. True

What architectural feature has been found in nearly all Mesoamerican cultures? a. A circular temple b. A ballcourt c. A rectangular plaza with a fountain at the east end d. An open courtyard with a kiva in the center

b. A ballcourt

Two Native American empires destroyed by Spanish invaders were the a. Aztec and Maya b. Aztec and Inca c. Maya and Olmec d. Olmec and Toltec

b. Aztec and Inca

The Inca Empire included the a. Valley of Mexico b. Yucatan Peninsula c. Andes Mountains d. Mexican Gulf Coast

c. Andes Mountains

Which of the following is not part of the Mesoamerica region? a. Mexico b. Guatemala c. Bolivia d. Honduras

c. Bolivia

Which of the following reflects the influence of Middle American civilizations on North American cultures? a. Iroquois League b. Potlach c. Cahokia temple mound d. Dog sleds

c. Cahokia temple mound

Who governed the Aztec Empire? a. There was no organized government b. The army ran the government c. Each city-state had a king d. A single king ruled the empire

d. A single king ruled the empire

The Aztec Empire grew to reach the borders of present-day a. New Mexico b. Columbia c. Panama d. Guatemala

d. Guatemala

The feathered serpent is one guise of which Mesoamerican deity? a. Tlaloc b. Coatlicue c. Coyolxauhqui d. Quetzalcoatl

d. Quetzalcoatl

The Maya civilization had begun to collapse by a. 100 BC b. 300 AD c. 900 AD d. 1500 AD

b. 300 AD

The Toltec gods Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were later adopted by the a. Inca b. Aztec c. Olmec d. Moche

b. Aztec

Which of the following cities had become a pilgrimage site for the Aztecs? a. La Venta b. Teotihuacan c. Tula d. Chichen Itza

b. Teotihuacan

The modern day region occupied by the Classic Maya was which of the following? a. Caribbean coast of South America b. Belize, southern Mexico, Honduras and Guatemala c. Southwestern Mexico d. Valley of Mexico

b. Belize, southern Mexico, Honduras and Guatemala

Which of the following describes the Temple I at Tikal? a. It is almost 150 feet below sea level b. The tomb of a ruler is found beneath it c. It is an excellent example of Aztec workmanship d. It is made of cement

b. The tomb of a ruler is found beneath it

The feathered serpent is one guise for which Mesoamerican deity? a. Quetzalcoatl b. Tlaloc c. Coatlicue d. Coyolxauqui

a. Quetzalcoatl

Which illusion appears at sunrise during the equinoxes on the Castillo at Chichen Itza? a. Serpent b. Bird of prey c. Human sacrifice d. Wolf

a. Serpent

Which of the following best describes Mesoamerican society? a. Sharply divided class structure b. Egalitarian c. Communistic d. Democratic

a. Sharply divided class structure

Which of the following would account for the unique cosmopolitan character of Teotihuacan? a. The city's diversified populations b. The city's tolerant acceptance of all deities c. The city's position as the most important pilgrimage site d. The city's relationship with the Maya in Guatemala

a. The city's diversified populations

A traveler in Tikal might have seen: a. Pyramids, plazas, and palaces b. Stone-paved courts for ball games c. The Temple of the Giant Jaguar d. Kings, priests, nobles, merchants, slaves and war captives e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following destroyed the Inca Empire a. Foreign diseases b. Internecine warfare c. Earthquakes d. Foreign invasion e. Both a and d

e. Both a and d

The Maya developed an accurate solar calendar so they could a. Plant crops at the proper time b. Hold religious ceremonies at the correct moment c. Build pyramids on schedule d. Record historical events e. Both b and d

e. Both b and d

The chinampa system of agriculture: a. Introduced new Mexica crops into the central valley b. Required the Mexica to move on to new lands after the soil had been exhausted c. Was based on the rotation of crops to replenish the soil d. Was similar to the slash-and-burn agriculture practiced by the Maya e. Created fertile plots of land from the mud dredged off the bottom of Lake Texcoco

e. Created fertile plots of land from the mud dredged off the bottom of Lake Texcoco

Which of the following was typical of Mayan art and architecture? a. Unornamented architectural construction b. Use of wood for sacred construction c. Creation of huge ceremonial centers d. Use of groined vaults

c. Creation of huge ceremonial centers

The first American civilization emerged along the A. Mississippi River. B. Mexican Gulf Coast. C. desert coast of South America. D. Amazon River. ANSWER: B

B. Mexican Gulf Coast.

The Nazca people carved geometric patterns and animals on a miniature scale. a. True b. False

b. False

The Classic period of Maya culture is: a. 1000 - 500 BC b. 400 - 900 AD c. 250 - 900 AD d. 1500 BC - 100 AD

c. 250 - 900 AD

Which of the following was not one of the Maya advances in learning? a. A numbering system b. A 365-day calendar c. A method for making paper d. A hieroglyphic writing system

c. A method for making paper

The Conquistadors arrived in Mexico in a. 1200 b. 1600 c. 1945 d. 1519

d. 1519

Which was the largest Pre-Columbian empire in South America? a. Maya b. Aztec c. Olmec d. Inca

d. Inca

Which ancient Americans made the most accurate calendar? a. Olmec b. Aztec c. Nazca d. Maya

d. Maya

The earliest people who migrated to the Americas came from A. Europe. B. Asia. C. Africa. D. Australia.

B. Asia.

Which of the following peoples united their empire with a road system that extended more than 20,000 miles? a. Inca b. Aztec c. Maya d. Olmec

a. Inca

The Incas united their empire by a. Imposing their language and religion on people they conquered b. Forcing the conquered people to pay tribute c. Encouraging trade throughout the empire d. Establishing one common language

a. Imposing their language and religion on people they conquered

The Aztec founded their capital on Lake Texcoco in AD a. 1300's b. 110 c. 865 d. 600

a. 1300's

Who called themselves the Mexica? a. Aztecs b. Maya c. Mixtecs d. Toltecs

a. Aztecs

The most important natural resource to the Plains peoples was a. Bison b. Maize c. Abalone d. Squash

a. Bison

Which of the following statements does not describe Maya government? a. Each city had its own ruling lord b. Only men could rule c. A king ruled all Maya city-states d. The emperor claimed divine power

a. Each city had its own ruling lord

Like most Mesoamerican cities, Teotihuacan had a mural program. One mural features a goddess, earth of nature, thought to be the city's principal deity. Among the motifs ascribed to this deity are human hearts that were essential attributes in the Mesoamerican ritual of human sacrifice. Which of the following is an explanation for the ritual of human sacrifice? a. Essential to agricultural renewal b. Essential to kingly ritual c. Essential for the renewal of the city d. Essential for the survival of the world

a. Essential to agricultural renewal

The Aztec Empire gained power in all of the following except by a. Establishing a common language throughout the empire b. Forming alliances with neighbors c. Demanding tribute from conquered peoples d. Attacking distant rivals

a. Establishing a common language throughout the empire

Which of the following was one of the purposes of Maya ritual? a. Guaranteed the order of the state and the cosmos b. Guaranteed the chaos of the universe c. Guaranteed the sacrosanct nature of the ruler d. Excluded the ruler from performing rituals

a. Guaranteed the order of the state and the cosmos

How did the division of labor affect Mesoamerican societies? a. It created a hierarchy which formed the social organization of the societies b. It allowed for greater food production c. It provided a greater variety of foods d. It allowed more land to be cultivated

a. It created a hierarchy which formed the social organization of the societies

Why is Machu Picchu of great archeological importance? a. It was undisturbed since Inca times b. it was the most excavated site following its discovery in the 1800's c. Its extensive written records detailed the city's history d. All of the above

a. It was undisturbed since Inca times

Who sat on the council of the Iroquois League? a. Men only b. Women only c. Men and women d. Clan mothers

a. Men only

After about 650 AD, the city of Teotihuacan began suddenly to decline. The reason(s) for its downfall is/are: a. Military pressure and invasion from surrounding peoples b. Epidemic diseases, population pressure and ecological destruction c. Multiple civil wars d. A series of natural disasters e. Still unknown

a. Military pressure and invasion from surrounding peoples

Great stone heads discovered at La Venta and San Lorenzo were created by the a. Olmec b. Aztec c. Pueblo d. Quechua

a. Olmec

Which of the following groups is often referred to as the "mother culture" of Mesoamerica? a. Olmecs b. Maya c. Mixtecs d. Zapotecs

a. Olmecs

The Maya "Flowery Wars" were special battles fought in order to obtain captives for their future human sacrifices. a. True b. False

a. True

One way that the Inca regulated society was to a. Prohibit most people from attending school b. Arrange marriages to ensure that young men and women settled down c. Require all young girls to serve in the temple of the sun god d. Prohibit any travel throughout the empire

b. Arrange marriages to ensure that young men and women settled down

Claiming to be the son of the sun, the Inca Emperor was both emperor and a. Tax collector b. Chief religious leader c. Apopanaca d. Poet

b. Chief religious leader

The tomb of King Pakal of Palenque was designed before his death and completed afterwards. a. True b. False

b. False

The term Mesoamerica refers to the civilizations that emerged in the a. Pacific Northwest b. Land area between North and South America c. Arctic d. Peruvian Andes

b. Land area between North and South America

Corbelled vault construction was typical of the architecture of the ___. a. Moche b. Maya c. Anasazi d. Olmecs

b. Maya

Among which people did some of the Mississippian traditions survive? a. Hope b. Natchez c. Navaho d. Inuit

b. Natchez

The decisive period of Inca expansion began during the rule of a. Quetzalcoatl b. Pachacuti c. Cuzco d. Tezcatlipoca

b. Pachacuti

What is the crest on the top of a Mayan temple called? a. Chacmool b. Roof comb c. Talud-tablero d. Formline.

b. Roof comb

How do we know that traders had a large area of influence in the Hopewell culture? a. They left a written record of their travels b. Shells and copper from far away were found in Hopewell mounds c. Legends tell about the objects traders brought d. Mounds were made in the shape of objects not found in their valley

b. Shells and copper from far away were found in Hopewell mounds

What can archeologists tell about Olmec civilization from their remains? a. They built vast cities with wide avenues and surrounded by tall walls b. They probably had a powerful class of priests and aristocrats c. They used only manpower and rivers to move giant stones for religious monuments d. They did not use any decoration in their temples

b. They probably had a powerful class of priests and aristocrats

Why did the Aztecs make human sacrifices to Huitzilopochtli a. To get rid of prisoners of war b. To give the sun strength to rise each day c. To control unruly nobles d. To show their strength to the people they conquered

b. To give the sun strength to rise each day

All of the following groups joined the League of the Iroquois except the a. Cayuga b. Toltec c. Mohawk d. Seneca

b. Toltec

Most of the people the Maya sacrificed were: a. Criminals b. War captives c. Tribute from conquered people d. All of the answers are correct e. None of the answers are correct

b. War captives

The Inca road system was built primarily for the purpose of allowing a. People to travel to religious festivals b. Farmers to carry tribute to the Sapa Inca c. Armies and news to move more rapidly throughout the empire d. Traders to come into the empire

c. Armies and news to move more rapidly

The first people who migrated to North America came by way of a land bridge across the present-day a. Rocky Mountains b. Mississippi River c. Bering Strait d. Yucatan Peninsula

c. Bering Strait

A Chinampa was a a. Raised field b. Swamp c. Created plot of arable land in water d. None of the above

c. Created plot of arable land in water

Who was the last king of the Aztec Empire? a. Moctezuma I b. Moctezuma II c. Cuauhtémoc d. None of the above

c. Cuauhtémoc

Which of the following would support the belief that Maya tombs were filled with elaborate offerings? a. Shallow graves and easily accessed b. Tomb sites associated with palaces c. Deep shafts with chambers at base d. Tomb plaques indicate wealth

c. Deep shafts with chambers at base

Which farming method was not used by the Maya? a. Farmers cleared dense rain forests b. Farmers built raised fields that caught and held rainwater c. Farmers built floating gardens out of reed mats d. Farmers built channels that could be opened to drain excess water

c. Farmers built floating gardens out of reed mats

By cutting slits onto his penis in a public ritual, a Maya prince intended to: a. Test his potency and power of fertility b. Please the goddess c. Imitate the gods' sacrifice d. Be circumcised

c. Imitate the gods' sacrifice

Many of the Spanish Conquistadors who first saw Tenochtitlan likened it to which of the following European cities? a. Madrid b. London c. Paris d. Venice

d. Venice

What significant change occurred at Teotihuacan? a. It became the meditation center for the Maya b. It became the international trade center between Mexico and Guatemala c. It underwent monumental expansion into a genuine city d. It became the pilgrimage location for the Highland Maya

c. It underwent monumental expansion into a genuine city

What is the probable meaning of the nine levels in a Mayan temple? a. The months of the calendar year b. The years in their religious cycle c. Levels in their underworld d. Major gods in their pantheon

c. Levels in their underworld

The city of Teotihuacan was located in present-day a. California b. Peru c. Mexico d. Arizona

c. Mexico

The Mound Builders inhabited the a. Pacific Northwest b. Great Plains c. Ohio and Mississippi Valleys d. Rocky Mountains

c. Ohio and Mississippi Valleys

The Inca were a relatively small highland group in the year 1000 but, by the 1400's, they ruled an empire that extended for over 2,000 miles. Which of the following would account for this rise to power? a. Energized population b. Powerful alliances made through marriage c. Skillful organizational and administrative control d. Devout population following the skillful leadership of a dynasty

c. Skillful organizational and administrative control

How did the Inca control their empire? a. Accumulation of great wealth b. Administrative organization c. System of excellent roads d. They used religion and fortresses to contol their subjects e. All of the above

c. System of excellent roads

Tenochtitlan is laid out on a grid plan that is reminiscent of which earlier culture? a. Olmec b. Maya at Copan c. Teotihuacan d. Tula

c. Teotihuacan

Which did the Aztec visit with a deep sense of reverence? a. Copan b. San Lorenzo c. Teotihuacan d. La Venta

c. Teotihuacan

The Inca imposed not only political and economic controls over the conquered populations but also artistic control as well. Which of the following was an example of their artistic control? a. Tattoos b. Absolutely no gold could be worn by the conquered c. The conquered had to wear local dress at all times d. The conquered had to pierce their lower lip and insert a silver disk to be worn at all times

c. The conquered had to wear local dress at all times

Native Americans in North America developed different cultures that were influenced by a. Monotheism b. The Inca c. The environments in which they lived d. The Greeks

c. The environments in which they lived

All of the following were Mesoamerican peoples except the a. Maya b. Teotihuacános c. Toltec d. Inca

c. Toltec

The Maya developed all of the following except a. Pok-a-tok b. A 365 day calendar c. Wheeled carts d. A writing system

c. Wheeled carts

The economic basis of Mesoamerica was which of the following? a. Production of ceramics b. Cultivation of wheat c. Exploitation of metal technology d. Cultivation of maize (corn)

d. Cultivation of maize (corn)

Which of the following was probably not a factor in the collapse of the Toltec civilization? a. Conflict between the various ethnic groups living at Tula b. Immigration of various nomadic peoples to central Mexico c. A large fire that destroyed much of Tula d. Defeat by the Mexica in the thirteenth century

d. Defeat by the Mexica in the thirteenth century

Peoples conquered by the Inca were a. Used as slaves b. Trained as priests c. Sacrificed to the gods d. Enlisted in the Inca armies

d. Enlisted in the Inca armies

Which of the following civilizations ruled an area that included the Andes Mountains? a. Olmecs b. Maya c. Aztec d. Inca

d. Inca

Which of the following would not have been seen at Teotihuacan? a. The Pyramid of the Sun b. The Pyramid of the Moon c. Orange pottery d. Iron tools

d. Iron tools

Who was the architect of the Temple of the Inscriptions? a. Lothar b. Charlemagne c. Thomas Jefferson d. King Pacal

d. King Pacal

Which ancient Americans developed the most advanced writing system? a. Olmec b. Aztec c. Nazca d. Maya

d. Maya

Which of the following Postclassic groups was considered preeminent in the art of writing? a. Olmec b. Zapotec c. Mixtec d. Maya

d. Maya

All but one of the following is true regarding migrations to the Americas. a. A large migration came about 17,000 BC b. By 9500 BC the migrants had reached the tip of South America c. The migrants were hunters and gatherers d. Most of the migrants arrived by boat e. Most of the migrations to the Americas took place during the last ice age.

d. Most of the migrants arrived by boat

What did the Maya books contain? a. Maya history b. Rituals c. Astronomical and calendrical tables d. Maps, trade and tribute accounts e. All of the above

d. Olmecs

Which of these groups was least prominent during the Postclassic era? a. Toltecs b. Maya c. Aztecs d. Olmecs

d. Olmecs

Early American peoples began to build permanent settlements once they learned how to a. Build houses b. Hunt and trap c. Use tools d. Plant food

d. Plant food

What advantages did the Anasazis gain by moving from pueblos to cliff dwellings? a. Plenty of water b. Easy access to fields on the canyon floor c. Better hunting d. Protection from raiders e. None of the above

d. Protection from raiders

The language of the Inca Empire was called a. Guata b. Potlach c. Quinoa d. Quechua

d. Quechua

The Inca ruler Pachacuti united his empire in all of the following ways except by a. Establishing Quechua as the common language b. Building a network of roads and bridges c. Moving rebellious peoples to safer locations d. Replacing all conquered rulers with Inca officials

d. Replacing all conquered rulers with Inca officials

The Inca adopted the Mochica's ideas for building a. Temples to honor the sun god b. Aqueducts to carry water to the cities c. Raised fields and irrigation systems d. Roads and organizing networks of relay runners to carry messages

d. Roads and organizing networks of relay runners to carry messages

The Aztecs were deemed fierce in war and cruel in peace. They practiced human sacrifice on a greater scale than any previous groups. The Spaniards conquered them after a short series of battles. What would account for this relatively easy conquest? a. Disorganization of the Aztecs b. Poor military training in the later years of the empire c. Lack of leadership d. Spaniards found allies among the peoples the Aztecs subjugated. e. both c and d

d. Spaniards found allies among the peoples the Aztecs subjugated.

What is the correct chronological order? a. Toltecs,Teotihuacan, Mexica, Spanish b. Toltecs, Teotihuacan, Spanish, Mexica c. Teotihuacan, Mexica, Toltecs, Spanish d. Teothihuacan, Maya, Toltecs, Spanish

d. Teothihuacan, Maya, Toltecs, Spanish

King Pakal of Palenque was responsible for the building of: a. Temple I b. Altar Q c. Tikal d. The Temple of the Inscriptions

d. The Temple of the Inscriptions

All of the following are characteristics of Aztec society except a. Religious practices that included human sacrifice b. A serf class that was bound to the land c. Pyramid building d. The separation of military and political power

d. The separation of military and political power