Fire and life safety educator
Physiological
According to Abraham Maslow, the most basic needs are__________
_____ objectives deal with changes in the audience's value, feelings, or opinions.
Affective
Fire Death Age risk
After retirement the older you get the higher your risk. Smoking is the leading cause of death for older adults.
Implementation
Conducting the program
Free wheeling, round robin, and slip are all forms of__________
Brainstorming
What is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree F at the pressure of 1 atmosphere?
British Thermal Unit (BTU)
This leader style has a low degree of concern for workers and a low degree of concern for production. This leader can be found in a large organization and they don't reward the employee and discourage any extra work to be done.
Bureaucratic
Leader styles could be described as what 4 ways?
Bureaucratic Single issue Middle of the road Dual issue
4 fire service leadership styles
Bureaucratic, single issue, middle of the road, dual issue
___ poisoning alone accounts for about half of all fire deaths.
Carbon monoxide
____ is the primary culprit in fire deaths.
Carbon monoxide
_________ is what the fire and life safety educator does by developing and sharing safety skills and information.
Changing human behavior
Age risk of dying in a fire
Children under age 5 and adults over age 70 have the highest fire death rates
Selection
Choosing the most cost-effective objective for the program
What class of fire involves wood and paper and uses water based, multipurpose and dry chemicals to extinguisher?
Class A
What class of fire involves flammable liquids and uses carbon dioxide, dry chemical, AFFF, and halon extinguishers?
Class B
What class of fire involves charged electrical equipment and uses carbon dioxide, dry chemical, and halon extinguishers?
Class C
What class of fire involves combustible metals and uses dry powder extinguishers?
Class D
The ______ is the most important part of the presentation.
Close
Formal relationships between or among organizations is also called a____________
Coalition
____ objectives deal with changes in what the audience knows or understands.
Cognitive
Domains of learning
Cognitive domain, psychomotor domain, affective domain
When brainstorming and the group comes to a broad agreement on this is called a_____________
Consensus
At least 3/4ths of all news stories fall into what general categories?
Consequence (impact, important, significance) Uniqueness (unusual, strange, bizarre) Human interest (touches human emotion)
Print materials are sometimes called __________
Consumables
Heat transfer
Convection is a form of_________
Leading cause of residential fires in 1990
Cooking
A ____ is defined as a sequence of presentations on fire and life safety education.
Curriculum
A____ is a sequence of connected presentations on fire and life safety issues.
Curriculum
____ are electronic filing cabinets.
Databases
What accounts for almost all of the nonoperational detectors?
Dead, missing, or disconnected batteries
Cognitive domain
Deals with facts, textbooks
Psychomotor domain
Deals with skills, it is the how to, demonstrations
Which type of leadership style has the leader being team oriented and giving his authority to the group where the group makes the decisions?
Democratic
Canon
Collection of principles or rules
For the purposes of chapter 16, working with the media, the exchange of ideas and information that conveys an intended meaning in a form that is understood, is the definition of_____________
Communication
_______________ is defined as the ongoing process indicators and their audiences use to complete the exchange of information and attitudes about fire and life safety
Communication
Evaluation
Comparing data, determining impact and any needed improvements
Single issue leadership
Concerned about production or workers but not both. Leads to unsatisfied workers
What 3 things must be accomplished during the opening?
Take charge of the presentation Capture the attention of the audience and begin to establish rapport Let the audience know what to expect - what is it for them
Practical
Teaches psychomotor skills
_____ or ___ is defined as showing students how to master a new skill.
Teaching Instruction
_____ is a classroom method in which a group of instructors work together.
Team teaching
_____ refers to whether or not people can remain unhurt in a fire are or escape without serious injury.
Tenability
From the design standpoint the most important consideration is what?
That the paper and ink work together
There are several indexes used to measure how easy a passage is to read, what are the 2 commonly used indexes?
The Flesch Reading Ease/Flesch Grade Level Index The Gunning FOG Index
In 1982 Dr. John Keating wrote an article called ___ which identified the four elements to panic behavior?
The Myth of Panic
1977
The NFPA has conducted its annual survey since _______
1035
The NFPA standard for public fire educator is NFPA______
901
The National Fire Incident Reporting System NFIRS uses a standard format that is based on NFPA_________
Visual Literacy
The ability to recognize and understand ideas conveyed through visible actions or images
What does the Sunshine Law cover?
The amount of notice required to hold a public meeting Whether or not a meeting is open to the public Requirements on meeting minutes or transcripts Executive session rules
Management
The art of accomplishing organizational objectives through and with people
70
The average retirement age is expected to rise from today's retirement age of 62 to_______ by the year 2000
What leadership land mines should today's managers try to avoid?
The belief that one leadership style fits every person A tendency to be overly autocratic or dictatorial A tendency to adopt the same approach to leadership used by impressive former managers
Leadership landmine
The belief that one leadership style fits every person is an example of a____________
Outweigh
The benefits of meeting the program's objectives should___________ the costs of implementation
Cost vs benefits
The benefits of the program should outweigh the costs of implementation
Health
The color code blue on the NFPA 704 placard indicates________
Program
The comprehensive strategy that address is fire and life safety issues via educational means
Closure
The final step in the Hunter Model
Identification
The first step in the public fire education planning process
injury
The fourth leading cause of death in the United States
Primary Audience
The group directly addressed by the educator
What is the most important part of a press release?
The information it communicates
Dimensia
The irreversible deterioration of intellectual ability accompanied by emotional disturbance
Applicant
The job interview is designed to tell the interviewer and the __________whether the job and the applicant is a good match.
Risk
The likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard
Evaluation
The public fire and life safety education's bottom line, the point of measuring the impact of education programs.
British Thermal Unit BTU
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit
First
The rule" local requests always have a better chance of being funded" is the________ rule of fundraising
Implementation
The step in the planning process which the day to day job fire and life safety education happens
Heat energy applied
The sum of the temperature of the heat source and the time of exposure is referred to as_______
Legislative strategy
The task force's idea for which kind of legislation offers the most protection and the best chance of adoption
Legislative strategy
The task forces idea for which kind of legislation offers the most protection and has the best chance of adoption. A compromise between what some parties want and what all parties can live with.
False
The term nonprofit can be applied to themselves by anyone who does not make a profit. True or False ?
Tenability
The term that refers to whether or not people can remain unhurt in a fire area or escape without serious injury.
High risk groups
The very young, very old, man, people who live in rural areas or large cities, the poor, the homeless, the sick.
Which theory views employees as hating work, needing to be pushed and directed, avoiding responsibility, and having little ambition?
Theory X
McGregor's theories
Theory X - employees are lazy, hate work, and need pushed and directed,. Example is carrot and stick. Theory Y - worker desires self actualization, people are most important.
Which theory views workers as a natural human activity by feeling that people accept and look for responsibility and enjoy coming to work?
Theory Y
7
There are _______steps to the design component of curriculum development
23
There are___classifications of injuries
4,275
There were __________civilian deaths in 1994
What are the 3 major types of burns?
Thermal Chemical Electrical
What are the 2 basic parts of a presentation?
Thinking about the audience Planning a presentation that will help that specific audience do something or learn something.
Secondary Audience
Those who might have influence over the safety of the primary audience or can be influenced by the educator's contact with the primary audience
What are the 6 basic techniques people use to decide what to do in a fire?
Threat recognition Validation Definition Evaluation Commitment Reassessment
Human behavior in fire recognition
Threat recognition Validation - checking with others to see if there is a threat Definition - deciding how much of a threat it is Evaluation - deciding what to do Commitment - acting on the information Reassessment
Implementation
Training and scheduling fire educators is accomplished in the ________step of the planning process
Conduction
Transfer of heat through direct contact
Radiation
Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Efficient in heating solid and opaque objects
Station tours and equipment demonstrations are not education because they do not teach a specific behavior. true or false
True
One out of every_____________ Americans work as volunteers
Two
The___________ shape seating configuration allows more members of the audience to be closer to the educator and the audio visual material
U
In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define validation?
Unsure on how serious a threat is
44
Until age ________injury deaths outnumber deaths from any other cause.
Advertising studies have shown that people pay more attention to certain parts of the page than others; the ____ corner of the page received the most attention.
Upper left hand
The National Fire Academy's Developing Fire and Life Safety Strategies course recommends what 8 guidelines to follow when setting up a coalition?
Use people who are credible in their field Select people whose primary role is compatible with injury prevention Select people with the ability to carry out prevention activities Be sure that representatives have the authority to commit their agency Select a chair and members with ability and time for leadership roles Insist on a program plan with clear goals, objectives and responsibilities Donate personnel or volunteer to staff the meetings and keep minutes Inform the community about the coalition
Objectives
What an instructor wants the participants to be able to do, change, or understand.
What are some examples of major local fire and safety problems and concerns?
What are the major fire and burn hazards? Where are the high risk locations? When are the high risk times? Who are the high risk victims? What is the high risk behavior?
Injury in America
What book had significant impact on injury prevention and control?
Chemistry
What fire is and how it grows and spreads is sometimes referred to as the_________ of fire
Termination
What is the last step in the system of progressive discipline
20
What percentage of smoke detectors in homes are non operational?
Already know
What students learn is in relation to what they_______
Teaching
What the presentation step is all about
Matching grant
Where the person donating agrees to match the amount of someone else donating.
Be honest Be patient Keep in touch All are guidelines for dealing with elected officials
Which is not a guideline for working with elected officials?
Hire a fire protection engineer
Which is not a strategic step for gaining legislative support for residential sprinkler systems according to the text?
A whole job from beginning to end Regular contact with users or clients Use of a variety of tasks and skills All of the above
Which of the below is a job factor identified by AT&T
Fire incident graphic display
Which of the below is not a main source of information about fire in the United States?
_____ space on printed material is not necessarily wasted space used wisely it can make a page appear light, open, and accessible.
White
Fire and Life Safety Educators use ____ for letters, memos, reports, and simple handouts.
Word processors
The best method of evaluating knowledge change is through________
Written test
What color paper gets the most attention?
Yellow Goldenrod
The color of paper used for handouts that gets the most attention are ________ and _________
Yellow / goldenrod
The_____ coalition was organized in 993 to mobilize support for the Consumer Safety Commission to keep its standards for the flammability of _____. By 1994 the coalition had achieved its goal.
children's sleepwear children's sleepwear
___ is the exchange of ideas and information that conveys an intended meaning in a form that is understood.
communication
The _____ statute was revised in 1976 to take into account developments in photocopiers, videotapes, motion pictures, broadcasting, cable television, and other technologies that had arisen since the previous act was adopted in 1909.
copyright
What laws provides that copyright owners shall have exclusive right to reproduce, distribute and use original works or expression fixed in a tangible medium?
copyright laws
Always tell young children what to ___, but do not show or discuss what they are ___ to do.
do not
What young children ___ has a more lasting effect than what they ___.
do see
Communication is much more than sharing an idea with another person, _______ takes place when the receiver of the message provides the sender with feedback.
effective communication
An _____________change is a change in the home or workplace following a presentation.
environmental
Ambulatory
person who is able to physically navigate without assistance
In 1954 Abraham Maslow stated that people had what five basic needs that motivate all actions?
physiological needs safety needs love and belonging needs esteem needs self actualization
Long term success of any program is due to the success of its many individual ______. It is critical that each and every presentation be as effective as possible.
presentation
____________ are a method of immediate evaluation
skills test
What is the most important part of the presentation?
the close
What sets the scene for the entire presentation?
the opening
Children aged __ to __ grow and change more rapidly than any other fire safety audience.
three to five
3 Basic Learning Styles
•Auditory •Visual •Kinesthetic (tactile)
3 Domains of Learning
•Cognitive •Affective •Psychomotor
3 Domains of Childhood Decelopment
•Cognitive (Intellectual) •Affective (Social/Emotional) •Physical (Fine/gross motor skills)
3 E's of Prevention & Additional 2 E's
•Engineering •Enforcement •Education •Economic Incentives •Emergency Response
List 5 Teaching Methods
•Lecture •Demonstration •Storytelling •Brainstorming •Games
7 Risk Factors
•Physical Disabilities •Cognitive Disabilities •High Risk Age Group •Cultural Barriers •Language Barriers •Socioeconomic Factors •Literacy
___________Is putting the message into words
Encoding
During a presentation, an exercise that involves two participants is called an____________
Energizers
Convection
Energy transfer by movement of a medium such as a gas or liquid
______ detectors are generally restricted to high hazard areas such as transformer vaults.
Flame
What is defined as when fire spreads very rapidly and other items in the room appear to burst into flames with average temperature at the ceiling ranging from 930 degrees to 1300 degrees F?
Flashover
Which index states that the average sentence has 9 words; a passage included 13 difficult words would be rated between 8th and 9th grade level?
Gunning FOG Index
____ is news that has a time value.
Hard news
___________ is news that has a time value
Hard news
A ____ is a combination of the fuel involved and the hazard of the occupancy.
Hazard
Matching extinguishers to ____ are extremely important.
Hazard
Risk
Likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard
A ____ is a description of specific actions to perform a fire and life safety behavior.
Message
This leader style has a moderated concern for production and a moderate concern for workers.
Middle of the road
Middle-of-the-road leadership
Moderate concern for workers and production. Results are also moderate, not exceptional
Project grant
Money given for a specific purpose. Such as advertising, training, video tapes, literature, etc.
Herzberg
Motivators - the job itself, recognition, advancement. Hygiene factors - friends with benefits, vacation, etc. These do not increase job satisfaction but can decrease motivation. Salary is a neutral motivator or factor. Work motivates the worker.
1975
NFIRS began in _______
1971
NFPA began the FIDO database in________
Ever since 1964 the _____ has functioned as a voluntary registry of specialized burn care facilities. This database includes medical records of almost 99,000 burn patients from 130 hospitals. New records are submitted at the rate of about 6,000 per year.
National Burn Information Exchange (NBIE)
What 2 kinds of national databases are potentially useful in planning local public fire and life safety education programs?
National Fire Database National Injury Data Sources
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Needs that motivate behavior. More critical needs at the bottom. Bottom needs to be satisfied before moving up. Most basic needs are physiological - food, water, shelter. The next need is safety and security such as seat belts and PPE. The next need is social - belonging to a group. The next need is self esteem - rewards and recognition. The final need is self realization and fulfillment.
People talking to each other, sharing ideas, information, and resources is termed____________
Networking
In the last several years of the 20th century there has been major organizational shift from hierarchy to______________
Networks
Robert Havighurst,lists________ major groups of developmental tasks for elementary children
Nine
In the NFPA 704 the severity of a hazard is given by a number with 0 indicating _____ and 4 indicating _____.
No hazard Severe hazard
NFPA 704 M
No hazard 0 - 4 severe hazard Left side - blue - health Top - red - flammability Right side - yellow - reactivity Bottom - special hazards
What percentage of the page should be text?
No more than 60%
____ is a legal status that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service may give to an organization after the IRA has reviewed a written application.
Nonprofit
What are the 6 methods of evaluating programs?
Pretest - Posttest Skills test Survey Inspection Observation Injury/loss statistics
Phases of injury control
Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation
Some managers use the ________ when it comes to evaluating workers which involves the manager acknowledging accomplishments followed by a discussion of unsatisfactory performance, and ending with a review of both favorable and unfavorable performance.
Sandwich Technique
Teachable Moment
Scenario in which a student displays an interest in learning, demanding a quick response to the need of the learner.
Heat flux
Scientific measurement of how much heat is available for transfer to human skin
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ___________is at the top of the pyramid
Self actualization
In kind contributions do not involve gifts of money; in kind contributions are gifts of___, ____, or ____.
Service Time Products
What is the 1st step in managing performance?
Setting expectations
____ are particularly popular with elementary age children; the educator make a statement and then asks the class to signal silently whether they agree with the statement.
Signaled responses
Proposal
Simply a document that describes what accomplishments the applicant promises to achieve in return for the investment
This leader style is very concerned about the production needs and the worker needs. They produce a very production oriented or a very worker oriented atmosphere.
Single Issue
____ is oral defamation.
Slander
Which method of brainstorming would be most advantageous for someone who is shy or when dealing with sensitive topics?
Slip
Guided Discovery
Small group discussion wherein participants are coached as they work to come up with solutions to problems on their own
32.8
Smoking accounts for _______% of all fire deaths to people aged 70 and older
___ is news that can be printed or broadcast today, tomorrow or next week; this type of news hangs on the human interest news peg.
Soft news
In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define threat recognition?
Something isn't right and people hope the threat is false
Management
Sometimes called the art of accomplishing organizational objectives through and with people
Hazard
Source of a risk , a condition substance or device that can be directly caused an injury or loss
____ are the basic computer tool for dealing with numbers.
Spreadsheets
NFPA 1035
Standard for professional qualifications for public fire and life safety educator
Injury in America
Started in 1985. Each year 1 in every three Americans will suffer an injury severe enough to need medical attention . Injury is the fourth leading cause of death. Injury is the leading cause of death among children and young adults.
Persuade, require, provide automatic protection, all of the above
Strategies for preventing injuries
The evaluation of overall program following completion is known as _______________evaluation
Summative
_____ laws address media access to records of public meetings. These laws are local, state, or provincial laws which require pubic notification and open attendance of government meetings.
Sunshine
A____________ is an instrument used to identify the behavior and or attitude of the target audience
Survey
What are some instructional methods effective in reaching affective objectives?
Surveys Questionnaires Group Discussion Role play Case Studies
Democratic leadership
Group makes the decisions not the leader
Energized electrical equipment
A Class C fire extinguisher is utilized to combat a fire involving________
__ and ___ are privacy related .
Libel and slander
The channel or system that a person uses to communicate the message is called the____________
Medium
The form that a message takes is sometimes called its ___ or ____.
Medium communication vehicle
Heat is transferred from one item to another by __, ___, ___.
Radiation Convection Conduction
Prevention Messages
Raises Awareness
Mixon's Teaching Sequence (4)
1. Hear it 2. See it 3. Show it 4. Do it
Homes need __ smoke detector on each level of the residence, outside each sleeping area.
1
3 Domains of Childhood Development
1. Cognitive think/reason 2. Affective social/emotional 3. Physical gross/fine motor skills
Mixon's Teaching Sequence
1. Hear it 2. See it 3. Show it 4. Do it
In developing written material the minimum type size is_______ point
10
When using a flipchart a good target is _____to____ words per page
12 / 15
What estimated percent of knowledge comes form a combination of smell, taste, and touch?
12%
What estimated percent of all human knowledge is gained through hearing?
13%
Set up a room to locate the screen and projector ______degrees away from any uncurtained windows
180
History of public fire education
1909 NFPA Franklin Wentworth uses bulletins through correspondence in 70 cities 1939 to 1969 NFPA manager Percy bug me aka Mr fire protection 1950's Hartford Insurance Junior fire marshal program NFPA Sparky the Fire Dog 1973 "america burning" national commission on fire prevention in control 1974 NFPA study of motivational psychology related to fire prevention behaviour in children and adults resulted in changes to education using positive messages Mid 1970's reliable and affordable smoke detectors 1979 learn not to burn, ifsta 606 public fire education 1980 to now shifted to state, nonprofit, etc
The Freedom of Information Act was enacted in_________
1974
By ____ more than 13,000 fire departments in ___ states participated in gathering information about more than 970,000 fire incidents.
1987 41
A press release should start by summarizing the story in the _____ sentence.
1st
What type of burns affects only the skins outer layer, the epidermis which is like a sunburn but does not blister or scar?
1st Degree
According to some estimates what percentage of what people learn comes to them visually?
75%
A ______to_______ reading level is typical for adults in the United States
7th / 8th
Estimated 92% of households in the U.S. have smoke detectors, however about ___ % of those households have nonoperational smoke detectors.
20
The Learn Not to Burn Curriculum establishes __ keys fire safety behaviors for school children.
22
Then learn not to burn curriculum establishes_____ fire safety behaviors for school children
22
What type of burns extends to the dermis, second layer of skin, will blister and can be very painful and may even scar?
2nd Degree
Each year roughly ___ U.S. Fire departments participate in the annual NFPA survey. This survey has been conducted since _____.
3,000 1977
What is the typical reading level for adults in the U.S. ?
7th and 8th grade
Smoke detectors are required to have a sound level output of at least ____ decibels at ___ feet.
85 10
Smoke detector sound level
85 decibels at 10 feet
At 130 degrees Fahrenheit, it only takes ________to cause a serious burn
30 seconds
NFPA survey
3000 randomly selected departments began in 1977
What type of burns are serious injuries in which the skin is too damaged to heal due to all 3 layers of the skin being burned away?
3rd Degree
Roughly______% of a page should be illustrations and white space while no more than______% of a page should be text
40 / 60
The ideal length of a line of type is related to how much material the eye can see without moving; the ideal length is __ to __ characters per line.
40 to 50
Roughly what percentage of a page should be illustration and white?
40%
A study of 99 elementary school boys, ____ had engaged in fire play. Yet only 9% of those fires were reported to the fire department; 18% of the fires were set by children under the age of ____.
45% three
Child fire setting was responsible for _______deaths in 1991
457
Nonprofit, tax exempt organizations are sometimes called __.
501 (c) 3
NFPA ___ placard is a marking symbol for hazardous materials.
704
______% Of the US population depends on television as its primary source of news
72
% of what people learn comes to them visually
75
Canon
A collection of principles and rules
Program
A comprehensive strategy that addresses fire and life safety issues via educational means
Executive summary
A condensed version of the proposal, stating clearly and concisely the significance of the proposed activity and what will be accomplished.
Learning Disability
A disorder that affects people's ability to: •interpret what they see and hear OR •link information from different parts of the brain
Proposal
A document that describes what accomplishments the applicant promises to achieve in return for the investment of the sponsors funds.
Lesson plan
A guide for making a presentation
Dr. John Keating's four elements to panic behavior are:
A hope for escape even with closing escape routes Contagious behavior, especially if key noted by leaders of a group affected by fire. Aggressive concern by the individual for his or her own safety as opposed to concern for others in the same fire. Irrational, illogical response to the fire situation
Capital Campaign
A large-scale fund-raising activity in which the funds will support a building or occasionally another large expenditure
Budget
A plan for action with associated costs for the coming year
Budget
A plan of action with associated costs for the coming year.
Heat flux
A scientific measurement of how much heat is available for transfer to human skin.
Curriculum
A sequence of presentations on fire and life safety
Curriculum
A sequence of presentations on fire and life safety education
Presentation
A single delivery of fire and life safety information, also called a lesson
Presentation
A single delivery of fire and life safety information, also called a lesson.
Lesson plan
A step-by-step guide for presenting a lesson
A_t_&_t motivators
A whole job beginning to end. Regular contact with users or clients. Use of a variety of tasks and skills. Freedom for self-direction. Direct feedback from the work itself. A chance for self development.
2 people could react very differently to the same fire. How well someone can withstand the physical assault of fire, heat, smoke, and gases depends on what?
Age of the victim - very old and very young don't do well Size - larger people can tolerate large doses of toxic gases Pre-existing medical condition Respiratory capacity - 3 out of 4 fire deaths are due to smoke inhalation Medication, drugs or alcohol
General Support Grant
Also called unrestricted, can be used for anything.
In 1974 the report of the National Commission of Fire Prevention and Control a book called ____ provided a fresh and very dramatic look at the U.S. fire problem
America Burning
Selection
An inventory of community resources would be accomplished under the___________ step of the planning process
Public policy
An overall plan that embraces a community's goals and acceptable procedures
Public policy
An overall plan that embraces the community's goals and acceptable procedures
What are the 3 basic components of curriculum development?
Analysis Design Evaluation
Three basic components of curriculum development
Analysis, design, and evaluation.
What are 3 main sources of information about fires in the United States?
Annual NFPA Survey of Fire Departments The National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) of FEMA/USFA Fire Incident Data Organization (FIDO) by NFPA
Analysis
Assessing the educational needs of the audience, determining the characteristics of the learner, and establishing desired levels of learning are the steps in the ___________ component of curriculum development
Affective domain
Attitudes, values, and habits. Testimonials, role play, personal stories.
Which style of leadership has the leader relying very little on suggestions from other by making decisions independently, and informing people after the decision is made?
Autocratic
What are the 3 broad styles of leadership?
Autocratic Laissez-faire Democratic
Three broad leadership styles
Autocratic, laissez faire, democratic
______________ materials attempt to make the audience more aware of a problem or situation
Awareness
Materials alone do not make an educational program; materials used by the fire and life safety educator fall into what 3 broad categories based on their intended purpose?
Awareness materials Informational materials Educational materials
At a minimum when should educational materials be evaluated?
Before their first use
FIDO
Began in 1971. About 2,000 incidents a year. Includes fires involving 5 or more civilian deaths, one or more firefighter deaths, any large dollar loss, highrise fires.
NFIRs
Began in 1975. Under the US Fire Administration. In 1987 13030 departments participated.
The change _______is a change and a person's action
Behavior
FLSE prevention strategies
Behavioral changes through public education Legislative changes through laws Environmental and technical development
Leadership landmines
Believe that one leadership style fits every person. A tendency to be overly autocratic or dictatorial. A tendency to adopt the same approach to leadership used by impressive former managers
NFPA 704 identifies what three kinds of hazards associated with the hazardous materials?
Blue - Health Red - Flammability Yellow - Reactivity White - Represents a specialized hazard that might be with the product like the use of no water
Identification
Determining major fire problems
Design
Determining the program itself
____ questions are aimed at one person in the audience.
Direct
What are the 4 types of questions that fire and life safety educators use?
Direct question Overhead questions Rhetorical questions Relay questions
What guidelines should the educator follow when planning for the next years budget?
Do a self critique of last years budget Start a file of cost information Keep accurate records about this year's costs Learn to use a computer spreadsheet before the next budget cycle
According to ______ managers saw employees in one of two ways called Theory X and Theory Y.
Douglas McGregor
X, Y
Douglas McGregor developed a concept in which managers employees in two ways, Theory _____and Theory_____
This leader style has a high concern for the workers as well as a high degree of concern for production and encourages the workers to be all they can be.
Dual issue
3,000
Each year roughly __________U.S.fire departments participate in the annual NFPA survey
Lobbying
Educating a person or an organization about your position on an issue
Lobbying
Educating a person or organization about your position on an issue or even urging the person or organization to adopt your position
___ is defined as the process of teaching, instructing, or training students in new skills.
Education
____________ is the process of teaching, instructing, or training students in new skills
Education
An ____________ spells out more exactly what the audience needs to do to perform a behavior.
Educational message
________ are sometimes called instructional objectives, behavioral objectives, or learning objectives.
Educational objectives
____ are very important tools in getting and keeping the attention of the audience.
Effective materials
NFA's developing fire and life safety strategies course recommends__________ guidelines to follow when setting up a coalition
Eight
NBIE has what four objectives?
Establish standards for the burned patient's care To provide information for the improvement of the burned patient's care To further develop the expertise of the NBIE membership To provide etiological (injury cause) information for the prevention of severe burns
When fuel continues to burn without the external heat sources this is called what?
Established burning
92
Estimated ______percent of households in the US have smoke detectors
When developing an _____ for a specific type of presentation it is necessary to identify which step will be achieved by the presentation or program and which of the steps will be evaluated.
Evaluation plan
After the first evaluation educational materials should be re-evaluated how often?
Every year
What are the 3 kinds of exit lighting and signs?
Exit Lighting Emergency Lighting Exit Signs
Humankind's earliest communications medium was probably___________
Facial gestures
An individual who is responsible for stimulating others to participate in the group discussion through brainstorming to lead the group the broad agreement is called a____________
Facilitator
When team teaching the second instructor only needs to be present when he or she is actually teaching. T / F
False
_____________ is a response that demonstrates understanding
Feedback
What is defined as the rapid oxidation process with the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities?
Fire
What is defined as the technical understanding of how fires ignite, grow, and spread?
Fire Dynamics
What is defined as the basic measurement of fire stored energy?
Fire Load
_____ is much more widespread than most parents realize.
Fire Play
The need for Life Safety affects the community Public funds pay for fire and life safety Both A&B are correct
Fire and life safety is a public issue because___________
Public policy
Fire and life safety programs are part of a community's________
Which index is based on a 100 word passage of written material; counts the average number of words per sentence; the average number of syllables in the passage; the average sentence has 9 words; 100 word passage contained 155 syllabus which is slightly higher than the standard seventh and eight grade level of 147?
Flesch Reading Ease and Grade Level Index
What are inexpensive, easy to change or adapt for reuse at different presentations, and effective with small groups?
Flip charts
Which is not considered a mass media outlet?
Flyers
The Hunter lesson plan model
Focuses on skill practice. Includes anticipatory set, objective, input, modeling, checking for understanding, guided practice, independent practice, closure.
The evaluation of an individual presentation or part of an overall program is called_____________ evaluation
Formative
____________ is the classic form of brainstorming
Free wheeling
What Act was enacted in the mid 1960s and strengthened in 1974?
Freedom of Information Act
In kind contributions
Gifts of tangible items not money. Examples are batteries, smoke detectors, Gatorade, etc.
Working with elected officials
Go through channels, be consistent and honest, keep in touch, keep presentation simple, use fact, share the credit, be patient.
People learn from cradle to___________
Grave
____ detectors are fixed temperature detectors and rate of rise detectors.
Heat
135 degrees Fahrenheit
Heat detector activation point
____ is the scientific measurement of how much heat is available for transfer to a human skin.
Heat flu
Dual issue leadership
High concern for workers. High concern for production. Job satisfaction is personally satisfying
492
How many individuals died in the Coconut Grove fire of 1942?
Identifying major local fire and safety problems and concern is the objective of ______.
Identification
What is the 5 step process for public fire education planning?
Identification - of a major problem Selection - of the most cost effective objectives for the education program Design - of the program itself Implementation - of the program plan Evaluation - of the fire safety program to determine impact
5 step planning process
Identification, selection, design, implementation, evaluation.
In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define reassessment ?
If the action does not appear to work, the people will reassess
What are the 4 sub specialties of fire dynamics most interesting to educators?
Ignition and heat release Heat transfer Fire growth and spread Flashover
What 3 things have the greatest impact on ignition behavior?
Ignition temperature Surface area Mass of a material
What are some instructional methods effective in reaching psychomotor objectives?
Illustrations Demonstration and drill Role playing
Reaction Message
Improves Responce
Franklin Wentworth
In 1909, _________an NFPA staff member was recruiting correspondence to place public education bulletins and local newspapers
NFPA 1031
In 1977 standard for inspector, investigator, fire prevention education officer
1031
In 1977, NFPA standard for a professional qualifications for fire inspector, fire investigator, and fire prevention officer was published
Cooking
In 1990, ___________was the leading cause of residential fires
26
In the Portland smoke detector program, the targeted neighborhood had______ % of the city's fire deaths
5 / 70
In the United States, children under the age of_____ and adults aged ______or older have the highest fire death rates
Dual issue
In the __________leadership style, the leader has a high degree of concern for workers as well as a high degree of concern for production.
Identification
In the planning process, the _____________steps objective is to identify major local fire and life safety problems
5
In the text, "the strategies for residential fire sprinklers" list _____steps for gaining community support for legislation
1990
In what year did Oklahoma State University published the first issue of the Public Fire Education Digest?
1954
In what year was Sparky the Fire Dog created?
__ is defined as facts, knowledge, data, or publicity.
Information
In 1985 a book just like America Burning was called ____ called national attention to injury as a national problem.
Injury in America
Injury in america
Introduced injury control to a wide audience
Use the ____ style by putting the most important facts first and the least important facts last.
Inverted pyramid
Products of combustion can be detected by this smoke detector by using tiny amounts of radioactive materials, when the smoke enters the chamber they it attaches itself to the electrically charged molecules which sets this type of detector off>
Ionization smoke detector
This detector responds to most fires; however it responds faster to flaming fires than to smoldering fires.
Ionization smoke detector
What guidelines should the educator use to keep the expense log useful?
Keep the log as simple as possible by recording info that will be used Make the log clear Enter expenses regularly Log expenses by project
_________ is a distortion of the projected transparency image that happens when the projector and screen are not square to each other
Keystoning
What are the key messages that should be remembered after purchasing a fire extinguisher?
Know how to use the extinguisher Know when to use it Know whether the extinguisher needs annual maintenance or replacement after use
There are several ways that educators can work with the media to deliver fire and safety education messages. To lay the groundwork the educator needs to be able to do what?
Know the community's media services Build the departments reputation with the media Identify key players Match the medium to the message
Children Elderly Both A&B
Knowing your audience involves knowing those groups with a high fire risk as well as knowing all the possible target audiences. Which example below would be a target audience?
The_________ change is an increase in the understanding of fire and life safety
Knowledge
_____ is the strongest weapon in the fire and life safety educator's arsenal against death, injury, and property loss.
Knowledge
Which style of leadership has the leader sharing responsibility with the group with this leader relying on other people for suggestions and delegated some of the decisions to others?
Laissez-faire
Which 2 types of leadership styles are not well suited for emergencies?
Laissez-faire Democratic
Capital grant
Large-scale fundraising for things such as a building or other large expense.
Laissez faire leadership
Leader and group work together. Leader delegates some tasks and responsibilities
Autocratic leadership
Leader doesn't use others opinions. Fast but doesn't use others experience
What two successful programs for children done by the NFPA?
Learn not to Burn The Pre-school Program
____________ is knowledge gained through observation and study, resulting in a change of attitude and behavior
Learning
____ is defined as knowledge gained through observation and study, resulting in change of attitude or behavior, ___ cannot take place without change.
Learning learning
What are some characteristics of learning?
Learning is a lifelong activity Learning can be very uncomfortable and stressful People learn at different rates People learn in a variety of ways To be effective, learning must be reinforced Effective learning requires support from the people who influence or control the students Learning is enhanced when the senses are stimulated Learning is most effective when it is focused Learning is incremental Learners must identify with the importance or personal significance of the message
Passive Learning
Learning that involves: •reading •hearing •seeing
Active Learning
Learning that involves: •saying •doing
What are some instructional methods effective in reaching cognitive objectives?
Lecture Illustration Guided discussion Conference discussion Case study
Live with
Legislative strategy sometimes becomes a compromise between what some parties want and what the parties can____________
A ___ is defined as a guide for making a presentation.
Lesson Plan
A___ is a guide for making a presentation.
Lesson Plan
A _____ is a simple step by step guide for presenting a lesson, it guides how the students and educator spend their class time, it is not a document that dictates what must happen during each class minute, and a good one has some built in flexibility.
Lesson plan
___ is written defamation; it is essentially a false or defamatory attack in written form on a person's reputation or character.
Libel
Bureaucratic leadership
Low concern for workers. Low concern for production. Minimum needed to get by. Discourages extra effort. Found in unions or merit systems
___ is sometimes called " the art of accomplishing organizational objectives through and with people.
Management
_____ is the planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating the work of other people.
Management
When advising the public about what type of portable fire extinguisher to choose the fire educator will emphasize what to key points?
Match the extinguisher to the fuel Match the extinguisher to the hazard
Based on a study conducted by the Children's Television Network what were some of the inappropriate preschool fire safety messages for television broadcast that would require an adult to ensure that the child received the correct fire safety messages?
Matches are for grown ups Put a burn in cool water Stop drop and roll if your clothes catch fire Crawl low under smoke
What 3 key areas help participants understand how factors will react with each other?
Material properties Temperature of Ignition Source Amount of heat applied
The _____________in a set of scores is simply the average score
Mean
The final step in the evaluation process is to develop a conclusion about the effectiveness of the presentation. The conclusion is always based on ________________interpretation of results
Objective
National Fire Prevention Week
October 8 to 10 Anniversary of Chicago Fire
Too many type faces seem to clutter written material which make it difficult to read; as a rule of thumb use __ type face for main text.
One
Once
One technique of time management is to handle a piece of paper only______
Population trends
One third of population growth is from immigration, 45 percent of the population moves over a five-year period, one in three Americans will be a minority by 2000 . The average retirement age will move from 62 to 70 by the year 2000.
What are the 5 steps that a program goes through that results in reduction in fires and injuries?
Outreach activity Knowledge change Behavior change Environmental change End impact
____ question are aimed at the whole group; anyone is free to respond; these questions are particularly helpful in starting thinking or discussion or in bringing our ideas and opinions.
Overhead
_____________Questions are aimed at the whole group rather than one person
Overhead
The Federal Communications Commission define__________ as any announcement for which no charge is made and which promotes programs, activities, or services of federal, state, and local government
PSA's
Prefrontal Cortex
Part of brain in charge of executive functions: •resisting impulses •planning ahead •thinking before acting
13,000
Participation in NFIRS is largely voluntary, although some states require participation. By 1987, more then ___________departments participated.
In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define definition ?
People ask themselves, what do they know about the threat
In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define commitment ?
People begin to act on the decision made during evaluation
In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define evaluation ?
People decide whether to fight or flight
Strategies to prevent injuries
Persuade - seat belts , smoke detectors Require - laws for seatbelts, laws for smoke detectors Provide automatic protection - automatic seatbelts, sprinkler systems
This detector is sometimes called the visible products of combustion detector and it uses a photoelectric cell coupled with a light source. It performs in 2 ways with beam application and refractory application
Photoelectric smoke detector
_______are a frequent topic for presentations for both the general public and in the workplace.
Portable extinguishers
Experience presenters know that what is the key to success when doing a presentation?
Preparation
Four steps of teaching
Preparation, presentation, application, evaluation.
A ___ is defined as a single delivery of fire and life safety information and is also called a lesson.
Presentation
A___ is a description of specific actions to perform a fire and life safety behavior.
Presentations
A____________ is a written news release for a newspaper
Press release
3 examples from each of the 3 message types to preschoolers
Prevention: •Matches and lighters are tools not toys •Stay away from hot things •Once I'm buckled, I stay buckled Reaction: •Stop, drop, and roll •Get out and stay out •Get low under smoke Preparedness •Recognize the firefighter as a helper •Talk to mom and dad about safety •Families need smoke alarms and need to test them monthly
A__ is a comprehensive strategy that addresses fire and life safety issues via educational means.
Program
A____ is defined as a comprehensive strategy that addresses fire and life safety issues via educational means.
Program
What 5 terms describe the building blocks of fire and life safety education programs?
Program Curriculum Lesson Plans Presentation Message
Which is not one of the three basic parts of a presentation?
Prologue
___ are objects that the audience can see, touch, smell, and hear.
Props
________ are objects that the audience can see, touch, smell, or hear
Props
The term grantmanship is used so often that it may seem as though preparing a proposal is a very difficult chore. A ___ is simply a document that describes what accomplishments the applicant promises to achieve in return for the investment of the sponsor's funds.
Prospal
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws are often said to be for minorities but EEO laws apply to ________.
Protected groups - which include blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans, women, disadvantaged young people, veterans, and people over the age of 40
The Learn Not to Burn behaviors are organized into what 3 categories?
Protection Prevention Persuasion
Preparedness Messages
Provides Strategies, Tools and Skills
_____ objectives are changes in skills, in what the audience can do to increase their safety.
Psychomotor
5
Public fire education planning involves a _____step process
______________ approaches to the evaluation process use numbers to compare different materials and methods
Quantitative
What are some of the negative physical effects during fire that visible smoke produces?
Reduced Visibility Irritation and toxicity caused by inhaling smoke particles Emotional effects, causing fear
_____ questions are questions from the audience that the educator sends back to the audience; using these types of questions is a good technique for opening discussions.
Relay
____ questions are very similar to overhead questions the answer is not expected.
Rhetorical
Physicians use the ____ to calculate the percent of body surface area burned in adults and children.
Rule of Nines
What is the number one concern with demonstrations?
Safety
First rule of fundraising
local requests have a better chance then requests of distant large organizations.
Autism
neurobiological development disability •social interactions •verbal/nonverbal communication