foods exam 2 (chap 4-6)
True or false: Exceeding the RDA for protein may contribute to increased body fat.
true
True or false: Final digestion of amino acid chains takes place in the small intestine.
true
True or false: Studies show that the death rates for chronic diseases like cancer and diabetes are lower for vegetarians than for nonvegetarians.
true
True or false: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.
true
Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and many forms of cancer?
vegetarians
_______ are lipoproteins made of dietary fat surrounded by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein; their role is to transport fat that has been absorbed from the GI tract.
Chylomicrons
______ are synthesized by the liver to transport fat to the rest of the body.
Very-low-density lipoproteins
Which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration?
high protein
A saturated fatty acid contains
no double bonds
The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called
photosynthesis
After absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are
reformed into triglycerides.
Which of the following is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?
salmon
Where does the digestion of protein begin?
stomach
Of the following,(sugar cane, alcohol, grains, and fruits) which is a major source of sucrose?
sugar cane
True or false: A diet high in animal protein can reduce a person's chance of developing cardiovascular disease.
False
Which of the following may occur when a person's dietary pattern is chronically low in protein?
Muscles and organs may decrease in size. Edema develops as fluids accumulate in extracellular spaces. Immune function is impaired.
Polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes, and therefore cannot be absorbed, are called
fiber
A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because
foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat. it is likely to be low in dietary fiber and phytochemicals.
Major fructose sources include
fruits and sweetened beverages.
After absorption, galactose is converted to ________ in the liver.
glucose
______ is an essential omega-6 fatty acid.
linoleic acid (LA)
The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form
proteins
Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells?
proteins
Adults need to consume only about 5% of total calories per day from essential fatty acids. This corresponds to about _______ of plant oil each day.
2 to 4 tablespoons
______ is an essential omega-3 fatty acid.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
______ are proteins produced by one type of white blood cell that bind to foreign proteins to facilitate their removal from the body.
Antibodies
______ is a condition in which one lacks the enzyme lactase. Symptoms include gas and bloating after consuming dairy products.
Lactose intolerance
In extreme starvation, _____ from muscle tissue start to be converted to glucose, which wastes muscle and produces edema.
amino acids
Recycled _____ make an important contribution to total protein metabolism.
amino acids
What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
Most ______ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.
animal
A(n) ______ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution.
buffer
Which of the following is a food source of cholesterol?
butter
A high-protein diet can affect the kidneys by
contributing to kidney stones. increasing the production of urea.
______ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues.
edema
The main function of glucose is to supply _______ for the body.
energy
Cholecystokinin (CCK) causes the release of protein-splitting _____ from the pancreas.
enzymes
A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.
essential
Cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of
estrogen and testosterone.
The symptoms of diabetes may occur suddenly and may include:
extreme thirst and excessive urination.
True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.
false
True or false: Most enzymes are lipids.
false
True or false: Per kilogram of body weight, the RDA for protein is highest during adulthood.
false
True or false: The presence of proteins in the blood causes edema.
false
True or false: Protein synthesis is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
false, Denaturation is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
A ______ is the simplest form of lipid; it is a carbon chain, flanked by hydrogens, with an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end.
fatty acid
It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.
infants
Which hormone corrects a hyperglycemic state?
insulin
Vitamin C helps with the absorption of
iron
As chylomicrons and VLDLs travel through the bloodstream, the triglycerides in these lipoproteins are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by ______ lipase, which is attached to the blood vessel walls.
lipoprotein
Immediately after sugars are absorbed into the blood, they travel to the
liver
Which food would NOT be a good source of iron in a vegan diet?
liver
A person chooses to use amino acid supplements to
lose weight. build muscle.
The term simple carbohydrates refers to
monosaccharides and disaccharides
Olive and canola oils contain mostly ______ fatty acids.
monounsaturated
Almost all enzymes are ______.
proetins
Pepsin is a major stomach enzyme for digesting _____.
protein
Which section of MyPlate is the least significant source of carbohydrate?
protein
The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber for an adult man who consumes about 2700 kcal per day is
38 grams per day
Which of the following describes type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Caused by lack of insulin production
______ are pouches that protrude through the exterior wall of the large intestine.
Diverticula
Which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state?
Glucagon
Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?
High-density lipoprotein
Which of the following are potential health benefits of consuming plant proteins in place of animal sources of protein?
Reduced risk for cancer Reduced risk for type 2 diabetes Reduced risk for obesity Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease Lower blood pressure
Which of the following oils contains the most polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Safflower oil
What is the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in protein digestion?
Signals the pancreas to release digestive enzymes
Which of the following is incorrect about dietary fibers?
They are absorbed in the large intestine.
As a class of nutrients, what is the main characteristic that all forms of lipids have in common?
They do not dissolve readily in water.
Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of
cardiovascular disease. cancer.
A(n) ______ protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.
complementary
When eating a high-fiber dietary pattern, one should ______ fluid intake.
increase
Which of the following(glucose, fructose, lactose, and galacose) is a disaccharide?
lactose
The major storage sites for glycogen are the
muscles and liver
Unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to damage by exposure to light, oxygen, or heat. This breakdown of fatty acids may cause disagreeable flavors and odors in food products. A fatty acid that has been damaged in this way is
rancid
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
serve as buffers that resist changes in pH pump ions into and out of cells
The primary site of lipid digestion and absorption is the
small intestine
Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the
small intestine. stomach.
______ protein is an example of a plant-based protein that does meet essential amino acid needs
soy
Due to negative effects on blood lipids, partially hydrogenated oils, the main source of ______, have been banned from the food supply.
trans fats
A(n) _______ is made up of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids.
triglyceride
Lipoproteins are composed of
triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins.
True or false: Amino acids play a role in the synthesis of hormones.
true
True or false: Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen for the human body.
true
True or false: Antibodies protect the body by binding to foreign proteins and helping the body overcome and prevent illness.
true