Fossils
Organisms decompose more quickly when they are in contact with ______
Oxygen
_______________: a fossilization process where by additional minerals are deposited in the pore spaces of originally hard animal parts
Per-mineralization
radioactivity decay - the process in which a _______ form of an element is converted into a ________ product at a regular rate
Radioactive non radioactive
_____ ______ is essential for preservation
Rapid burial
Fossiliferous Limestones May reveal tropical ____ environments
Reef
After a mold is made sand or other material fill the mold and over time it hardens and creates a ______ of the original organism... this is a cast
Replica
Fossils are usually found in ________ rocks
Sedimentary
It is rare for ____ organism parts to fossilize
Soft
Nicolaus _____ established his own laws
Steno
William "____" Smith - the fresh prince of _____
Strata geology
Principle of fossil ______: fossils succeed one another in a definite and determinable order
Succession
Law of _________: unless distributed by an unusual process, _____ layers will be on top of _______ layers
Superposition younger older
________ (type of fossil) actually means "______ ___ _____"
Turned into stone
_______: a break in the rocks record
Unconformity
geologic time scale: divides geologic history into _____, originally created using relative _____
Units dates
____: a vertical elevation of the Earths surface in response to nature causes
Uplift
Uniformitarianism- theory that rejects the idea that _____ forces were responsible for the current conditions on this earth
Catastrophic
_______: the belief that earths landscape developed by great catastrophes
Catastrophism
To form a petrified fossil the organism is covered with sediment and then water rich with dissolved minerals covers that sediment ... over time the minerals soak into the ____ of the organism then the water _______ and the minerals harden into ______ preserving the organism
Cells evaporates stone
Fossils may indicate the ____ at the time of burial
Climate
____ ___ form in tropical environments
Coal beds
Law of _____: layers originality extended in ____ ______ until it thinned out into zero or ended against the edges of another structure or deposit
Continuity all directions
Preserved remains fossils include organisms that have been _______ ____ ___ ___ or ___ preserving the organism and protecting the body from decay
Covered with tar sap ice
Principle of _____- _______ relationships: when an ingeous intrusion or fault cuts other rocks of any type
Cross cutting
Period is the _______ the youngest
Daughter
Many underwater environments also have a lot of _____ oxygen
Dissolved
The processes that shape _____ today shapes earth in the past
Earth
Fossils are our best form of ______ about earth history
Evidence
A trace fossil shows the activity of an animal or plant but is not formed from the organism itself (a dinosaur ______)
Footprint
________: to convert to a fossil, replace organic with mineral substances in the remains of an organism
Fossilization
______ are preserved remains of traces of living things
Fossils
Eon is the _____, the oldest
Grandpa
____ ____: the time it takes for one half of the atoms in a sample to disintegrate
Half life
principal of original _______ : sedimentary deposits or lava flows, generally form _______ layers
Horizontally horizontal
The ______ of an organism that is left behind is a mold
Impression
______ rock is older.... rock unit containing ______ is younger
Included inclusion
______: pieces of one rock unit that are contained within another
Inclusion
_____ fossil is a widely distributed fossil of narrow range in Time regarded as a characteristic of a given geological formations
Index
Conformable beds are deposited without __________
Interruption
Most fossils form when _____ things die and are buried by sediments
Living
Pores of the plant materials, bones and shells and impregnated by _____ _____ from the ground, lakes or ocean
Mineral matter
A ____ is a hollow area in the sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism
Mold
Era is the ____ the middle age
Mom
To form a carbon film fossil the organisms get covered with sediment and all elements but the _____ disappear or evaporate leaving behind a think black carbon _____
Carbon film
Fossil __________ a collection of fossils that are found together
Assemblage
A ____ is a solid copy of the shape of an organism
Cast
Earth is ______ billion years old
4.6
______ age: the ____ age of a rock in years
Absolute exact
Rare soft tissue preservation by tree sap - _____
Amber