Fossils

Organisms decompose more quickly when they are in contact with ______

Oxygen

_______________: a fossilization process where by additional minerals are deposited in the pore spaces of originally hard animal parts

Per-mineralization

radioactivity decay - the process in which a _______ form of an element is converted into a ________ product at a regular rate

Radioactive non radioactive

_____ ______ is essential for preservation

Rapid burial

Fossiliferous Limestones May reveal tropical ____ environments

Reef

After a mold is made sand or other material fill the mold and over time it hardens and creates a ______ of the original organism... this is a cast

Replica

Fossils are usually found in ________ rocks

Sedimentary

It is rare for ____ organism parts to fossilize

Soft

Nicolaus _____ established his own laws

Steno

William "____" Smith - the fresh prince of _____

Strata geology

Principle of fossil ______: fossils succeed one another in a definite and determinable order

Succession

Law of _________: unless distributed by an unusual process, _____ layers will be on top of _______ layers

Superposition younger older

________ (type of fossil) actually means "______ ___ _____"

Turned into stone

_______: a break in the rocks record

Unconformity

geologic time scale: divides geologic history into _____, originally created using relative _____

Units dates

____: a vertical elevation of the Earths surface in response to nature causes

Uplift

Uniformitarianism- theory that rejects the idea that _____ forces were responsible for the current conditions on this earth

Catastrophic

_______: the belief that earths landscape developed by great catastrophes

Catastrophism

To form a petrified fossil the organism is covered with sediment and then water rich with dissolved minerals covers that sediment ... over time the minerals soak into the ____ of the organism then the water _______ and the minerals harden into ______ preserving the organism

Cells evaporates stone

Fossils may indicate the ____ at the time of burial

Climate

____ ___ form in tropical environments

Coal beds

Law of _____: layers originality extended in ____ ______ until it thinned out into zero or ended against the edges of another structure or deposit

Continuity all directions

Preserved remains fossils include organisms that have been _______ ____ ___ ___ or ___ preserving the organism and protecting the body from decay

Covered with tar sap ice

Principle of _____- _______ relationships: when an ingeous intrusion or fault cuts other rocks of any type

Cross cutting

Period is the _______ the youngest

Daughter

Many underwater environments also have a lot of _____ oxygen

Dissolved

The processes that shape _____ today shapes earth in the past

Earth

Fossils are our best form of ______ about earth history

Evidence

A trace fossil shows the activity of an animal or plant but is not formed from the organism itself (a dinosaur ______)

Footprint

________: to convert to a fossil, replace organic with mineral substances in the remains of an organism

Fossilization

______ are preserved remains of traces of living things

Fossils

Eon is the _____, the oldest

Grandpa

____ ____: the time it takes for one half of the atoms in a sample to disintegrate

Half life

principal of original _______ : sedimentary deposits or lava flows, generally form _______ layers

Horizontally horizontal

The ______ of an organism that is left behind is a mold

Impression

______ rock is older.... rock unit containing ______ is younger

Included inclusion

______: pieces of one rock unit that are contained within another

Inclusion

_____ fossil is a widely distributed fossil of narrow range in Time regarded as a characteristic of a given geological formations

Index

Conformable beds are deposited without __________

Interruption

Most fossils form when _____ things die and are buried by sediments

Living

Pores of the plant materials, bones and shells and impregnated by _____ _____ from the ground, lakes or ocean

Mineral matter

A ____ is a hollow area in the sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism

Mold

Era is the ____ the middle age

Mom

To form a carbon film fossil the organisms get covered with sediment and all elements but the _____ disappear or evaporate leaving behind a think black carbon _____

Carbon film

Fossil __________ a collection of fossils that are found together

Assemblage

A ____ is a solid copy of the shape of an organism

Cast

Earth is ______ billion years old

4.6

______ age: the ____ age of a rock in years

Absolute exact

Rare soft tissue preservation by tree sap - _____

Amber