Fungi
What are the 2 different types of Hyphae?
1. Septate Hyphae 2. Non-septate or Coenocytic Hyphae
5 types of fungal infections in the body:
1. systemic 2. subcutaneous 3.cutaneous 4.superficial 5. oppurtunistic
What are the 2 types of mycelium?
1. vegetative mycelium 2. Aerial or reproductive mycelium
Fungi prefer a pH of ___
5 - slightly acidic
Spores that are formed by fragmentation of septate hyphae into single cells are called ___ spores
Athroconidia
Fungi are mostly strict anaerobes. T/F
False they are mostly aerobic or facultative anaerobic
Yeast reproduce sexually and asexually. T/F
False, asexually only
How do people get systemic fungal infections?
From inhaling spores in the environment
Fungi are more resistant to osmotic pressure than bacteria, how do we know this?
Fungi can live in high sugar and salt concentrations
Candida albicans is what type of fungal infection?
Opportunistic
What type of fungal infection takes over people with compromised immune systems?
Opportunistic fungal infections
OPPORTUNISTIC pneumonia of immunocompromised individuals especially in AIDS
PCP pneumonia
The most common yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Brewers yeast (breaks down carbohydrates into yeast)
___ Hyphae: divides the hyphae into uninucleate units with cross walls called septum also contains pores to allow movement of cytoplasm
Septate hyphae
What is the main difference between septate and coenocytic hyphae?
Septate hyphae contains cross walls that sepearte them into units and coenocytic hyphae do not
Spores that are formed within a sac at the tip of a hyphae are called ___ spores
Sporangiospores
Yeasts only reproduce by _____ reproduction.
asexual
We use the ____ spores to identify the fungus and ____ spores to determine the phylum.
asexual, sexual
at ____ temp - a pathogenic dimorphic fungi will grow as a yeast
body temp 37C
What are the 2 ways that yeast reproduce asexually?
budding and fission
at ___ temp - a pathogenic dimorphic fungi will grow as a mold
room temp 25C
What are the 5 types of asexual spores?
1. Arthroconidia 2. Chlamydoconidia 3. Conidia 4. Blastoconidia 5. Sporangiospores
Spores that consist of a bud coming off a parent cell are called ____ spores
Blastoconidia
Most common dimorphic fungi:
Candida albicans - causes yeast infections
The most common chemical in the cell wall of fungi is called _____.
Chitin
Spores that have thick walls formed by rounding and enlargement of hyphal segment are ___ spores
Chlamydoconidia
___ Hyphae: no crosswalls one flowing filament.
Coenocytic Hyphae or non-septate
Spores that are NOT enclosed in a membrane at the tip of a hyphae are called ____ spores
Conidia
ONLY CONTAGIOUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS transmitted from person to person via direct contact or fomites
Cutaneous
Which fungal infection is contagious from person to person?
Cutaneous fungal infections
which type of fungal infections are the most common?
Cutaneous fungal infections
the type of sterol that fungi have in their cell membrane is called_______
Ergosterols
Bacteria are larger than yeast. T/F
False
Fungi are prokaryotes. T/F
False
Fungis do not have sterols in their cell membrane. T/F
False
Most fungal infections are contagious. T/F
False
We use the sexual spores to identify a fungus. T/F
False
fungi have peptidoglycan in their cell wall. T/F
False
yeasts are multicellular. T/F
False
How do vegetative mycelium grow?
Grow on the substrate
What helps us identify the type of mold we are looking at?
Hyphae
If someone has a fungal lung infection will it spread to another person?
No
What do fungi and mycoplasma bacteria have in common?
They both have sterols in their plasma membrane
What does dimorphic fungi mean?
They can change shapes from unicellular to multicellular depending on environmental changes
A fungal thallus consists of filaments of cells called hyphae; a mass of hyphae is called a mycelium. T/F
True
All fungi spores are reproductive structures. T/F
True
Besides cutaneous fungal infections all fungal infections are not contagious. T/F
True
Dermatophytes are ring worm infections. T/F
True
Fungal infections are chronic and tend to recur. T/F
True
Fungal infections are more common in plants. T/F
True
Fungi are able to metabolize complex carbohydrates. T/F
True
Fungi are good decomposers. T/F
True
Fungi can be dimorphic. T/F
True
Fungi prefer a slightly more acidic pH than most bacteria. T/F
True
Many pathogenic fungi are dimorphic. T/F
True
Multicellular molds are filamentous. T/F
True
Superficial fungal infections are very rare. T/F
True
The incidence of fungal infections is increasing. T/F
True
We use the asexual spores to identify a fungus. T/F
True
We use the sexual spores to determine the phylum. T/F
True
fungi absorb nutrients rather than digest them. T/F
True
You can divide mycelium into what 2 major groups?
Vegetative mycelium and Aerial or reproductive mycelium
What do aerial/reproductive mycelium do?
contains reproductive spores
Type of fungi that cause cutaneous infections are called
dermatophytes
only infect keratinized( skin hair nails) tissues
dermatophytes
all fungi are ______ (prokaryotes or eukaryotes)
eukaryotes
Mycosis
fungal infections
The individual filaments of molds and fleshy fungi are called _____
hyphae
All multicellular molds are made of individual filaments called ___. Many filaments come together to form the body of the mold called ____.
hyphae, thallus
systemic fungal infection occur where?
inside the body
multicellular and filamentous fungi
molds
molds are ___cellular
multicellular
Several hyphae together are called____ (a collection of different hyphae together)
mycelium
What do vegetative mycelium do?
obtain nutrients
if the condition are optimal fungi will reproduce ____, if they are not they will reproduce ____.
sexually, asexually
fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually via _____.
spores
most common environment condition that determines if a dimorphic fungi is a yeast or a mold?
temperature
The entire bunch of filaments that come together (the vegetative structure) to form the body of molds and fleshy fungi is called the ___
thallus
Mycology
the study of fungi
Fungis are chemoheterotrophs which means
they get their energy from breaking down organic chemicals, they get their carbon from breaking down organic compounds
How do aerial/reproductive mycelium grow?
upwards away from the substrate
unicellular fungi
yeasts