General and household pest management 7a Iowa

Two types of ultra-low volume application devices

Cold foggers Thermal foggers

differentiate 3 common ticks

DeerTick- unfed adult female is 1/8 inch long. Larvae are 1/32 inch long (looks like a moving freckle), nymphs are 1/16 inch long (size of a poppy seed). Fully fed females (called engorged) are much larger (greater than 1/2 inch). Has a flattened, orange-brown body with a dark brown sputum, mouthparts, and legs Brown dog tick- unfed adults are 1/8 inch long. an engorged female is 1/2 inch long. Adults are reddish brown, "soft ticks" (lack a scutum- basically a hard edge shell) and have no distinct markings. The engorged females are bulbous and gray or gray blue American dog tick- unengorged (not fed) female is 3/16 inch long. Male is /18 inch long. Ticks are flatted and brown with whiteish markings on the top of the body

Difference between house fly,cluster fly and blow fly

Difference between House fly 1/4 inch long Adults have a dull grey thorax with 4 lengthwise dark stripes and a dark abdomen Habits- during the day they are near breeding sites and sources of food and moisture. At night they rest on stationary objects like wires, fences, vegetation, and sides of buildings Cluster fly 9/32 inches long Adults have fine yellow or gold hairs on the thorax Habits- on warmer summer days of winter or early spring they start appearing. They fly into lights and windows often colliding with objects and falling to the ground to spin on their backs like *******es Blow fly Blow- metallic green,blue, bronze or black 1/4-9/16 inches Habit- during the day they are near breeding sites and sources of food and moisture. At night they rest on stationary objects like wires, fences, vegetation, and sides of buildings Adults can disperse more than 10 miles in search of food and ****ing sites They can multiply and be a pain in the ass Their direct association with animal carcasses can constitute a public health hazard

Seasonal food preferences of 3 ant species

Acrobat- sweets, meat, and grease Carpenter ant- dead insects, plant and fruit juices, honeydew and I the sugars, eggs, meats, cheese, cakes and food grease (proteins are preferred in spring and late summer for brood development; carbohydrates are sought during fall) Crazy ants- animal material, other insects, sweets and kitchen scraps Larger yellow ant- honeydew from aphids and mealybugs feeding on the roots of shrubs Little black ant- plant secretions and aphid honeydew, sweets,meat, bread, grease, vegetables and fruit Odorous house ant- sweets and honeydew from aphids and scale insects. Nectars, live and dead bugs, carcasses of birds and small mammals. Inside they eat sweets (likely to invade on a rainy day because their supply of honeydew has been washed away) Pavement ant- meat, bread, cheese, nuts, sweets, grease, dead insects and animal carcasses. Workers will also tend aphids and mealybugs Pharaoh ant- syrups, fruits, meats, breads, and dead bugs (they will eat soap and toothpaste Thief ant- ant larvae, dead insects, honeydew, germinating seeds, meat, cheese, peanut butter, and grease (grease ants) feed on rodent carcasses, making potential disease vectors

Human health concerns associated with pharaoh ants

Eat open wounds, mouths of sleeping infants or enter intravenous feeding bottles attached

2 types of traps that can be issued in nuisance fly pest management

Electric light traps (usually UV lights) or have glue boards (Bottles or harry traps can be used to capture and identification purposes. Bottles are useful for trapping vinegar flies and humpback flies once the breeding source is eliminated.

Accidental invader that humans move into homes in bundles of newspaper, luggage, and flowers

European Earwig

General life cycle of flies

Flies have a specific requirements for egg-laying sites where larvae will develop. Maggots (fly larvae) have chewing mouthparts, are legless, and are usually white it off-white In color. Pupae are brown, capsule-like structure. Adults have one pair of wings and are highly Mobile.

Monitoring techniques used in pest management

Flushing agents Sticky traps Pheromone traps Mechanical traps Light traps Production inspection

Distinguishing features between swarming ants and termites

Ants- elbowed antennae Narrow petiole Unequal wing length (ground wings longer than hind ones) Termites- Thread-like antennae Broad waist Wings of equal length

How insecticide repellency will affect cockroach management

Avoidance by cockroaches They will seek harborage in previously uninfected areas, this monitoring throughout the whole place in needed.

Choice of insecticide and application site for ant management?

Baits Barriers Sticky traps

3 blood-sucking insects found in/around a structure

Brown Dog Tick cat flea? bed bugs lice

human health concerns associated with poisonous spiders

Brown- symptoms vary in severity, can may exhibit: no reaction; a small red mark; a painful, slow-healing wound; or tissue death at the site of the bite. Fatalities are very rare but bites are dangerous to kids, old, and those in poor physical condition. Black- vary from no reaction to a short stabbing pain to serious complications. Other symptoms may include nausea, profuse perspiration, abdominal cramping, tremors, labored breathing, restlessness, increased blood pressure, and fever. Long term complications are and death are very rare.

Health concerns associated with cockroach infestations

Buildup of cockroaches ( and other pests) in a structure

Human health concerns from nuisance

Can transfer disease-causing organisms

6 ant species found in or near structures

Carpenter ants Crazy ants Larger yellow ants Little black ant Odorous house ants Pharaoh ants? Acrobat ants?

define cephalothorax and ballooning

Cephalothorax- The anterior body region of certain arthropods Ballooning- The mechanical kitting used by some arthropods ( caterpillars, mites, spiders) to disperse through the air from one location to another

Accidental invader often found in new homes feeding on molds growing on lumber exposed to moisture

Foreign grain beetle

best method to control bats in a structure

"bat-proof" the building ( making sure the bat dosent get in the building)

Outline the pesticide formulations that could be used against stores product pests and where they would be applied (find later)

- very few pesticides can be used directly on food products. if pesticides are used to control a stored product pest, food must be removed and the label directions must be followed to prevent food contamination -a residual crack-and-crevice or spot may be required to kill wandering insects and to prevent re-infestation from wall or ceiling voids where adults have found harborage -traditional insecticide dusts can be placed in attics or structural voids to control fabric pests feeding on accumulated dead insects. inorganic dusts and micro encapsulated pesticides should be used if the site has high temps. -granular baits have labels to control some stored products pests (silverfish) -baseboard spraying, fogging, and broad area treatments are generally ineffective and waste insecticide and the pest manager's time -pesticides should not be applied to clothing. these items should be dry cleaned or washed in a clothes washer -common active ingredient of insecticides used to control stored product pests include pyrethroids, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, and synergies pyrethrins

list common starling and house sparrow: nesting sites food preferences

-common starling- nesting sites- in natural settings they are in holes or cavities in trees or rocks.in urban areas they nest on buildings, in birdhouses, on power stations, and water towers, and other structures. food preferences-insects and fruit to grain, seeds livestock feed, and food in garbage -house sparrow- nesting sites- trees, shrubs, vines, on building ledges, in trellises, in signs, on light fixtures, under bridges, on power transformers, and in rain gutters. food preferences- they like grain but will supplement their diet with insects, fruits, seeds, and garbage. They can eat a Japanese Beetle

name 6 ways to determine if rodents have infested a structure

-dead or live rodents. -sounds of squeaks, sounds of them fighting, clawing, scratching, gnawing, scrabbling inside walls, running across ceilings. -rat pop -rat pee (marking their territory) -runaways and rub marks- rodent runaways tell pest manager to food, water, and harborage locations. rodents travel along lines. ( outdoors these lines could be ledges, sill plates, tree branches, utility lines, sewer lines, building perimeter, and edges of hard surfaces. Rub marks from the body oil and dirt of rats/mice often appear along walls next to runways. -gnaw marks -burrows -pee smell

4 approaches for managing ant infestations

1. Pest proofing and sanitation 2. Barrier treatments 3. Treating the nest directly 4. Baits as a way of delivering pesticide into the nest

4 places to inspect to look for pest or evidence of pests

1.cracks 2.behind/under stuff 3. Messy areas 4. Utility lines (electric, water, gas, computers etc) (Where they will go into the outside building structure or interior walls)

Signs of Cockroach infestation in a structure

5-10 adults on countertops at night Females carrying Ootheca Small dark nymphs Mix of adults and various size nymphs

4 common., structure-infesting cockroach species

German cockroach Brownbanded cockroach American cockroach Oriental cockroach

The damaging stage of granary weevil, carpet beetles, silverfish

Granary weevil- whole grains and seed: food seeds or beans in cupboards, popcorn, saved gardens seeds, dried seed decorations, Indian corn, old bean bags,!old grain-bases rodent bait or bird seed. Carpet beetles- hair, fur, feathers, horns, dead bird, dead insects, wool carpets or stored woolen materials and dried meats. Found in grain products, cereals, seeds, candy, dried fruits, nuts, dried milk, and pet food. They will feed on wool clothing and dead bugs Silverfish- paper, books, book bindings, wallpaper, labels, and starchy glues

Where to use hand-held dusters vs power dusters inside a structure

Hand held- small spaces (holes/cracks) Power- large areas (attics, craw space or pipe chases)

The distinguishing physical features of flies

House fly 1/4 inch long Adults have a dull grey thorax with 4 lengthwise dark stripes and a dark abdomen Cluster fly 9/32 inches long Adults have fine yellow or gold hairs on the thorax Blow fly, bottle fly, flesh fly Blow/bottle- metallic green,blue, bronze or black Flesh- grey with 3 dark stripes on the thorax and a back checkerboard pattern on the abdomen 1/4-9/16 inches Vinegar (fruit) fly 1/16 to 1/8 inch long Adults have a yellowish brown body, alternating light and dark stripes on abdomen and red eyes Moth fly 1/8-1/4 inch long Adults are dark grey or black Wings are prominent and covered with hairs, giving them a moth-like look. Wings are held over body at rest giving them a triangular look Humpbacked fly 1/16-1/4 inch long Adults are yellowish brown to black, with black eyes Thorax is characteristically hump-shaped when viewed from the side Fungus 1/16-1/8 inch long Adults are black Look like mosquitoes

List when food pantry pests can infest food

In the field as grain Stores by the producer or grain elevator In the process of converting raw commodities Into food At some stage in transportation While stores in a warehouse or a retail outlet When being stored prior to consumption

Identify items commonly infested by: Indian meal moth, drugstore beetle, booklice

Indian meal moth- crackers, dried beans, nuts, dried fruits, chocolate, bird seed, dry pet food and tea Drugstore beetle- spices, seeds, grains, dried fruits, pet food, dried plant material and tobacco products. Leather, wool, hair, books, and drugs Booklice- molds and fungi. Infest stores food, bird and insect nests, and moldy glue, paper sizing and paper products

integrated pest management Threshold Harborage Bait

Intergrated pest managment- systematic approach to pest control that uses all resonable pesr control methods in an envirentally compatible and economicslly feasible manner to reduce or eliminate pest populations Threshold- highest acceptable point a pest population can reach without risk of significant damage, health concerns, or nuisance Harborage-a place providing shelter for a pest Bait- food/substance used to attract a pest to a pesticide or a trap. (Used to kill the ****er and ****ers)

How unkempt food service area could hamper pest control efforts against nuisance flies

It removes their food and breading sites

How baiting controls ant colonies

It sees what type of food they like, locate, and they will bring the bait back to the colony so the whole Colony can die

3 types of application equipment that could be used in a perimeter treatment

Large capacity sprayer Backpack sprayer Compressed air sprayer

Associate the specific order produced by crushing an ant body for two common ant species

Larger yellow ant- lemon order Odorous house ants- rotten-coconut odor

Name 3 ant bait formulations

Liquid bait Gel bait Granular bait

Importance of equipment maintenance in pest management programs

Look for leaking hoses and connections Plugged it worn nozzles or tips Dirty or worn gaskets (A clean sprayer is unlikely to contaminate a space occupied by humans or food and it doesn't contain pesticide residues that the applicator could contact)

name 2 wasp species the are generally not aggressive

Mud Daubers Cicada Killer Wasp

Distinguish between Multicolored Asian lady beetle and boxelder bug House cricket and camel cricket Centipede and millipede Sow bug and pillbug

Multicolored Asian lady beetle-1/3 inch long. Oval with a domed body. They have a black "M" on the white prothorax. The wing covers colors varies from pale to dark orange and may have dark spots. Boxelder bug- 1/2 inch long, elongated oval body shape is pointed on each end is black with red lines on the thorax and red outlines on the wings. House cricket- 3/4 inch long. light yellowish brownish with 3 dark bands on thorax and long pointed wings. very attracted to light. Camel cricket- 3/4 inch long. Tan with hump-backed body. Wingless. Not attracted to light Centipede- can be 1 1/2 inch long. have yellowish brown hues with 3 dark stripes running along the body with a lighter shading between them. They have 15 pairs of long, spindly legs, now per body segment, and large well developed multifaceted eyes. Millipede- 1/2 - 1 1/2 inch long. gray or dark brown, cylindrical, segmented, worm-like animals, with two pairs of legs per body segment. They can curl or spiral their body when disturbed. Sow bug- 2 tail-like appendages that project from the rear end of the body Pillbug- that do not have appendages and can roll up into a tight call when disturbed

Sites where chemical products are used against cockroaches

Near harborages and where they are expected to forage

name two primary commensal rodents infesting a structure

Norway rats and house mice

state the normal activity periods of commensal rodents

Norway rats, Roof rats, House Mice- are nocturnal but are highly adaptive. (if food is only available during the day they will go in the day). when populations are high, some may no the able to compete all the others at night and so be forced to forage during the day.

define avicide

Pesticide used to repel or kill pets

Primary reasons for bait failure

Poor sanitation Inadequate bait placement Immigration into the site Bait aversion Behavior resistance

Tools needed during a facility inspection

Powerful flashlight UV (black) light Magnifying glass Long-handled mirror Palettes knife or spatula Access tools (screwdrivers, pliers) PPE Vacuum with HEPA filter Clipboard with paper and pen

Social order within any colonies

Queens lay eggs Worker ants- females, look for food, tend to the queen, caring for eggs, larvae and pupae, building and repairing nest, protecting the colony Swarmers (winged reproductive ants)- only produced prior to reproductive activity in the colony. Have wings leave the nest and ****

Distinguish between Red flour and confused flour beetles Sawtoothed grain beetle and rice weevil Larder beetle and carpet beetles Case making and webbing clothes moths Silverfish and firebrats

Red flour battle-primarily in homes,stronger flier, last 3 antennal segments from a distinct club Confused flour beetle- typically found in food-processing places, don't fly, last 4 antennal segments gradually enlarge Sawtoothed grain beetle- 1/10-1/8 inch long Adults are elongated,dark brown, flattened beetles with 6 sawtooth-like projections on each side of the thorax Larvae are dirty white less than 1/8 inch long with a cigar-shaped body Rice weevil- 1/8 inch, have snout on their beads and have long slender, hard-shelled, reddish brown bodies that appear pitted or scarred with tiny holes. Has 4 yellow spots in wing covers Larder beetle- 1/4-3/8 inch long. Adults are elongated and oval, dark brown or black with characteristic yellow band across the wing covers. This light colored band has from 6 to 8 black spots on it. Larvae are 1/2-5/8 long, dark brown with long brown hairs. There are two upward curved spines on the posterior end. Mature larvae wander to find something solid to pupate in, bore into wood or something similar to make a pupal chamber and then plug the hole with the last molted skin Carpet beetle- adult beetles are typically 1/8-1/4 inch long. Larvae are from 1/4-1/2 inch long, cigar-shaped and covered with yellow, brown or black hairs that lay flat on body or are erect, depending on species (larvae are slow moving) Case making moth- wings and body are buff to golden in color and there are three dark spots on each forewing. The hindwing have a fringe of long hairs. Larvae construct a portable case of silk and bits of fiber Webbing clothing moth- wing color is golden and there are distinctive hairs on the top of the head that are reddish-gold. larvae spin silk feeding tunnels on the fabric surface as they feed Silverfish- they are covered with shiny sliver scales that give the body a metallic sheen. they seek moisture and are commonly found in sinks and bathtubs because they can't climb out. Silverfish resembles the swimming action of a fish Firebrats- body is grey or brown, usually with numerous dark markings that give the insect a mottled appearance. the pests are commonly found in areas of high temp and high humidity such as attics, around furnaces, boilers, ovens and water heaters

Relationship between conductive conditions and cockroach population levels

Removing available food and water stresses roaches and makes them forage. Clean up crumbs, grease, spills, and other food clean from walls, furniture, and equipment. Wash bad dishes and kitchen utensils. Just pick up everything

Examples of food handling establishments needing pest control

Restaurants Lunchrooms Caterers Cafes Bars/taverns Printed clubs Military messes and clubs Food contractors in plants and office buildings Mobile caterers Arlines Ships Drug stores Confectionery stores Dairy products stores Bakery product stores Concession stands School lunch rooms Colleges/universities Hospitals Homes for old Orphans/handicapped Prisons/ jails

Key body characteristics used to identify ant species

Shape or thorax Number of nodes making up the petiole Spines on the thorax Antennal segments and clubs Color and size Distinctive odors when crushed

Difference between spot and crack-and-crevice; void and space; barrier and bait

Spot- application limited to areas on which insects are likely to occur and will not ordinary be contacted by workers Crack-and-crevice- small amounts of insecticides into cracks and crevices in which insects hide it though which they may enter buildings Void- application of an insecticide into an empty space inside a wall or ceiling, behind a kick plate, inside a table leg, or in any other void that is prime for roaches,ants. And pests Space- application of fine aerosol mist of insecticide into ant sized, open area with the intent of providing a rapid knockdown and death of the pest with little or not residual effects (flushing) Barrier- application of a band of insecticides on the list portion of a building, around the building perimeter and/or near doorways or windows Bait- poison food into cracks and crevices or voids or those packaged as bait stations

Define: Swarm Caste Budding Trophallaxis Petiole Gaster Trail pheromones

Swarm-a large number of winged insects Caste-a group of colony members that specialize on particular tasks for prolonged periods of time Budding-the breakaway of a group of ants from a main colony to form a new colony Trophallaxis- the transfer of food or fluids among members of an insect community through mouth-to-mouth or anus-to-mouth feeding Petiole- barrow stalk or stem by which the abdomen is attached to the thorax in ants Gaster- rounded part of the abdomen posterior to the node-like segment of ants Trail pheromones- chemicals secreted by an animal for the purpose of impacting the behavior of another like animal receiving it (leading their species to food sources)

Non chemical control tools that can be used against cockroaches

Temp of 120F will kill them in several hrs Temp or 0F instantly will kill them in a hour because of the sound drop of temp A vacuum with a HEPA filter Sticky traps and file boards Baits/lures

how do spiders differ from insects

They are arthropods. They have 8 legs, 2 body regions (Cephalothorax and abdomen), no antennae, and no wings

What's the role of chemical products in fly management

They temporarily reduce the number of flys Fly bait is useful seeing it has sugars and the house fly sex pheromone, muscalure. This combo keeps the fly in contact with the toxicant for a longer time.

Define Thigmotatic; Ootheca; Gregarious

Thigmotactic-hiding during daylight hours in gaps, crevices, and other tight places where their bodies can touch surfaces both above and below Ootheca- small bean-shaped egg cases Gregarious-move in or form a group

explain the disease implications of: ticks; fleas; lice

Tick- deer tick are an important vector of Lyme disease American dog tick is a principle vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever can also transmit tularemia and cause tick paralysis. fleas- fleas can transmit serious diseases to humans, most notably plague and flea-borne typhus. fleas can transmit tapeworms from pets to people. lice-the body louse vectors several human diseases, such as epidemic types, trench fever, San louse-borne typhus (epidemic releasing fever).

Contrast the breeding site preference for: Vinegar fly Moth fly Humpbacked fly Fungus gnat

Vinegar fly- females lay in overripe or fermenting fruits and vegs and in food residues that's have accumulated in garbage, pop can, or recycling containers. They also lay them in eggs in refrigerator drains pans, around slow plumbing leaks and in fermenting slime in kitchen sink drains and garbage disposals Moth fly- females lay on surface of the decaying organic slime layer that forms in floor drains, sewers, overflows on sinks and pools and evaporation trays of refrigerators and air conditioners Humpbacked fly- floor drains, trash containers, elevator pits, and garbage disposals and where drain or sewage pipes have broken under slabs or in crawl spaces. Alternate sites include dirty floor mops, janitor clothes, laundry rooms, pet rodent bedding, septic systems and mortuaries (flies infesting human cadavers) Fungus gnat-mulch, leaf mold, grass clippings, and compost. Indoors, larvae are often found in overwatered plants, in wet insulation under flats roofs, or in pet bird feces when not cleaned regularly.

Environmental conditions required by cockroaches to survive in a structure

Water, food, and harborage

5 locations ants build their nests?

Wood Near hot water pipes or near warm areas Soil Near another colony Crevices

contrast the adult size and common nest location of: yellow jacket bald-faced hornet European hornet paper wasp

Yellow jacket- 1/2-5/8 inch long. Adults are yellow and black in color, with banding on the abdomen. some species have white and yellow markings. They build their nests in trees or shrubs, underground, in rock piles, in timber retaining walls, or in structural voids (attics, walls) Bald-faced hornet- 5/8- 1 inch long. Adults are black with white markings on the head, thorax, and abdomen. Build gray, football-shaped, aerial-paper nests that are attached to tree branches, shrubs, utility poles, or house sidings. A nest consists of 3 to 4 internal tiers of combs houses within a thick, multilayered outer shell that has a single opening at the bottom; one nest may have several hundred hornets. European hornet- 1- 1 1/2 inch long. Adults have yellow heads with brown markings, a black banded abdomen. build gray paper nests in some type of cavity, such as a hollow tree or wall voids. sometimes the nest structure will extend outside of the void. one nest may have several hundred hornets. Paper wasp- 5/8-3/4 inch long. Adults are generally brown with yellow, black, orange, or white markings. The wings often are smoky brown. Social insects build open comb nests (inverted umbrella) under eaves of houses, porches or windows, in shrubs and in other protective places. Nests can have 75 adults tending 200 cells.

determine the common food source of wasps

Yellowjackets- insects and spiders throughout the spring and summer, but true to sugar sources ( honeydew, ripening fruit) in the fall Bald-faced Hornet- flower nectar, ripening fruits, plant sap, and insects European Hornet- insects species, ripening fruit, plant sap paper wasps- various insect species and flower pollen (especially goldenrod) mud dauber- flower nectar cicada killer wasp- nectar and pollen

state the activity periods of bed bugs (later)

active at night usually but will feed in the daytime if host is present and inactive

compare: anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant rodenticides food bait and water bait rodenticides detection blocks and tracking powders

anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant rodenticides- anticoagulant- act by damaging blood vessels and inhabiting blood-clotting mechanism. non-anticoagulant- don't clot the blood. Bromethalin- kills rodents by disrupting energy production within body cells. It causes paralysis and then death. Cholecal- causes the body to release too much calcium form the bones into the blood stream and the rodent dies from heart failure. zinc phosphide- this chemical reacts with water and acid in the rodent stomach to make poisonous gas. Death from heart paralysis along with liver damage. Rodents like garlic (this is what it smells like) food bait and water bait rodenticides- food bait- they have seeds or grain to attract the rodents. water bait- rodents need to drink water am I right? detection blocks and tracking powders- detection blocks- they determine if rodents are present in a loc to get a general sense of the number and type of rodents. they do not have rodenticide as an active ingredient tracking powders- placed in rodent runaways or active burrows. it will stick to their body and then when they clean themselves. because small amounts of powder are consumed the concentration of rodenticide is higher than baits.

3 limitations for pyrethroid insecticide uses to control accidental invaders

applications are permitted to the exterior of buildings where the grated surfaces are underneath eaves, soffits, Windows, or doors that are protected by coverings, overhangs, awnings, or other structures protected from rainfall. application is limited to crack-to-crevice or building foundations up to the height of 3 feet (1m) only if the exterior of a building is not protected from rainfall treatments maybe using a coarse, low-pressure spray to portions of surfaces the are directly above bare soil, lawn, mulch or other vegetation

list 7 capabilities of commensal rodents

balance swim digging climbing and jumping make holes (with their teeth) their guard hairs kinesthetic sense (almost have muscle memory) can detect motion in a dim light great noses, taste and ears

daily and seasonal activity of bats?

bats are active in warm weather from late afternoon through early in the morning. not active during bright daylight. in the upper midwest. bats migrate or hibernate when the weather turns cold. they may hibernate in having clusters inside buildings. Depending on the species and the geological location, bats breed, from late spring to midsummer. young bats grow fast, flying in as few as 3 weeks after birth.

name the insecticide formulations for use in spider management

baygon, carbaryl, DDVP, dinotefuran, limonene, pyrethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, imiprothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, and prallethrin

why monitoring tools should be free of pesticide residues?

because if it has a scent of the residues they will not go near it.

how to manage bees and wasps

bees- honey bee- call beekepper but for honey bees nesting in a structural void, blow a dust formulation into this hole at night but do not seal the nest opening. once the bees are dead, open the wall and remove the nest opening in the outside wall, as the void may be used by a future bee or wasp colony. Carpenter bees are best controlled by applying insecticide dust into the entry holes. plug the entrance hole with wood putty or a similar substance in the summer or fall to discourage use the next year. wasps- after dark, apply a registered insecticide to the nest opening and a 6-inch band around it. aerial nests, wet the paper material thoroughly so all members of the colony contact the treatment. ground nests, apply a dust formulation to the nest opening. pressurized aerosols are also effective for small and/or exposed nests. DO NOT seal nest opening after treatment. Especially in structural situations because agitated wasps may emerge elsewhere inside a structure. Once all have died, seal openings or fill voids to prevent future problems. such exclusion techniques are also needed when wasps nest in hollow tubes as playgrounds equipment or metal fences. remove small nests by knocking them down. Nests of a Mud Dauber wasp can be problematic for a client. if so nests, can be removed with a putty knife. (don't used pesticide with these wasps) parks, schools, supermarkets, and restaurants can use sanitation to minimize attractive food sources for foraging wasps. trashcans should be equipped with plastic liners and tightly fitting lids. people eating outride should cover their food and drinks, and clean up spills and leftovers promptly. trashcans and dumpsters should be located away from serving tables. loading docks, concession stands, and other entrances. Maintaining high levels of sanitation earlier in the summer will make area less attractive to foraging wasps later in the year. traps have shown only little benefits even though they will catch impressive numbers of Yellowjackets when properly positioned and baited. Business establishments ( outdoor cafe) may find the traps worthwhile when used with other approaches. Braunschweiger liverwurst combined with jelly has been an effective attractant.

difference between bees and wasps

bees- they can be problematic if they nest in or near dwellings due to the danger of stings. wasps- wasp stings are dangerous and unpredictable when compared to bees.

examples of vertebrate pests that can be legally trapped

birds ( feral pigeon, common starling, and house sparrow) squirrels snakes skunks raccoons

outline 4 things a client can do to eliminate conductive conditions for: birds. bats, raccoons, skunks

birds- pick up trash, pick up feed (grains), reduce weed seed numbers, pruning trees, shrubs, and vines will do bats- seal all openings with 1/4 inch hardwire cloth, screening, sheet metal, or steel wool and sealant. and wait 3-4 days for bats to adjust using the reaming openings. ( bat-proof in mid-august so that young bats can fly) plastic bird netting. raccoons- garlic oil+ capsaicin, meat meal+ red pepper, capsaicin, black pepper oil+ piperine, camphor oil, cornmint oil, eucalyptus oil + wintergreen oil ( dont leave trash out) skunks- use capsaicin, black pepper oils, and piperine.

the human health concerns of birds, bats, raccoons, skunks

birds-bird ectoparasites (mites, lice, swallow bugs) can invade peeps homes and bite humans. Birds can also transmit cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis which are serious systemic, fungal infections acquired by inhaling airborne spores that grow in bird droppings. bats- can transmit histoplasmosis and rabies raccoons-they can transmit large intestinal roundworm skunks- odor

name 3 repellents used against vertebrate pests

black pepper, capsaicin and piperine

identity by site Iowa 2 poisonous spiders

brown recluse spider black widow spider

compare the bumble bee with the carpenter bee

bumble bee- 3/4 inch long. large robust body has several colored hairs giving it a fuzzy appearance. it has a black head, a yellow or orange and black thorax, and black and yellow or orange patterns on its abdomen carpenter bee- 3/4- 1 inch long. it has a large body and a thorax with dense yellow or black hairs. The abdomen is shiny black and without the density of hairs seen on a bumble bee.

how the opossum can be a household pest

can can live in attics and garages. but they can eat garbage, bird feeders, and pet food left outside

explain why delusional infestation is encountered by a pest manager during business activities

clients recent history of weird remedies. clients contact with several specialists yet without remedy of the skin symptoms. finally, an inspection of the sufferer's environment and alleged specimens affirms the absence of an infestation.

4 common places that pests can enter a structure?

cracks, windows, doors, and any utility service

5 common entry sites for squirrels entering a structure

damaged attic louvers, ventilators, soffits, joints of siding, knot holes, openings where utility pipes or wires enter, chimneys, and flashing.

differ between the deer mouse and the meadow vole

deer mouse- snout is pointed. Tail measures 2-4 inches long and is dark above and white beneath. Ears are large, conspicuous, and protruding. Fur color is grayish brown on top with white undersides and white feet. meadow vole- snout is blunt tail. tail length is 1.5-2.5 inches long. Ears are large and conspicuous. Eyes are large. Fur is a dull, yellowish brown above with grey underside.

identify 4 common places rodents can enter a structure

doors, windows, (thoughts) Norway rats- wall voids, underneath floors, crawlspaces, and beneath or inside equipment or stored items roof rats- enter via tree limbs, utility lines, or fences. house mouse- inside garages, crawlspaces, or outbuildings. when food is scarce they are in walls, ceilings, cabinet voids, in furniture, storage boxes, and in large appliances. (stove, refrigerator, dishwasher).

define: ectoparasite, nit, pediculosis, canine detection

ectoparasite- a parasite that feels on another organism from the outside. example are fleas, lice, and bed bugs nit- the egg, spent case or young form of a louse, especially that of a head louse. usually found attached to the hair shaft pediculosis- infestation of lice canine detection- use of specially trained dogs to located various substances or organisms (used to find bed bugs)

3 methods used to manage accidental invaders

exclusion habitat modification chemical control

difference between feeding, loafing, and roosting sites of feral pigeons

feeding- may be near roosting or loafing sites or may be several miles away. examples include parks, town squares, food lading docks, garbage areas, railroads, food plants, and where people eat outside. pigeons like flat, smooth surfaces on which to rest while they feed, such as rooftops, open ground, or ledges. Although primarily eating seed and spilling grain, legions also feed on garbage, insects, livestock poop, food left by outdoor diners, and food provided by Bird people loafing- nearby roosting sites and are used by inactive birds during the daytime (Examples-building roofs, and ledges, cooling towers, bridges and signs) roosting site- sheltered from the elements and used for nesting, congregation at night, and protection from bad weather. ( Examples- building roofs, and ledges, cooling towers, bridges and signs)

why autumn increases the problems with commercial rodents

food is scare so and its cold so they are looking for a food source so they go to peoples houses?

3 needs each pest species must have to survive in a site

food, water and shelter

give examples of structural damage by rodents

gnaw marks burrows

gradual metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis

gradual metamorphosis-gradual, involving little more than an increase in size (egg, nymph (adolescence), and adult) Complete metamorphosis has 4 stages (egg,larva, pupa, and adult)

diff 3 lice species associated with humans

head lice body louse pubic louse

how pest management is affected by landscaping?

if there is trash out there will be more mice (basically don't leave anything out and the fact that if their home is being destroyed they will look for a place to stay so sealing up your house is the best thing to do)

3 common signs of birds in/on a structure

if they are living there or just visiting where they are nesting, feeding, roosting, or loafing at a specific site if they are causing property damage

how does rat glue boards assist in managing snakes

it helps capture all but the largest snakes. (captured snakes can be killed or released from the glue by pouring vegetable oil over the snake's body

Name the protein that fabric pests can digest and use for food

keratin (found in animal hair, fingernails, hooves, skin, wool, hide, and bird heathers)

differ between the little brown bat and the big brown bat

little brown bat- adults are 3.5-4.0 inches long with a wingspan of 8-10 inches. Adults weight is 0.3-0.4 ounces (males are lighter than females). fur is a glossy golden brown to olive brown. long hairs on each hind foot extend to or just beyond claws on toes. big brown bat- Adults are 4.1-4.8 inches long with a wingspan of 12-13 inches. adults weigh 0.4-1.0 ounces. (Males are lighter than females) fur is long, lustrous, and brown to copper. Ear, wing and tail membranes are black

identify 3 signs of a bed bug infestation at a site (later)

live bed bugs, dead bed bugs, shed skin, poop/blood smears, tiny white eggs bedroom may have a "obnoxious sweet" smell like the smell of odor fresh red raspberries

why successful bird control involves several control methods

nobody wants a dead bird even though they are annoying and they are protected by law

define: omnivores, kinesthetic sense, bait translocation, anticoagulant, paraffinized bait, secondary hazard

omnivores- an animal that eats a variety of food of both plant and animal kinesthetic sense- any of the physical processes by which environmental stimuli are received and processed by the brain, giving the animal an awareness of its position, location, and/or movement bait translocation- The movement of a pesticide bait from the area of application to another area by a pest organism anticoagulant- a pesticide used to repel or kill birds paraffinized bait- incorporation of paraffin/wax in the formulation of a rodenticide to improve shelf-life, safety and weather resistance secondary hazard- The potential life-threatening results non target predatory or scavenger organisms, resulting in exposure to, or consumption of, prey tissue containing a chemical in its original in its original or altered form

What is accidental invader

pests the may occur in buildings at some stage of their life cycle, but that do not usually complete their entire life cycle with the structure.

Why clover mites can be a problem in a structure

pop increases are often associated with lean fertilization. Mites move into a structure accidentally or in response to neg. environmental conditions (tho summer, weather, removal of host plants) ( considered pests because sheer # of red "dots" crawling on windowsills, walls, counters, and curtains in a structure is unsettling. They can be easily crushed when touched, leaving red streak in that area.)

what's the cat flea cycle and primary hosts (later)

primary host- cats, dogs, rodents and humans life cycle- they undergo metamorphosis, adult male and female live breeds on the host animal can feed on its blood, females lay 200-400 eggs on the host, eggs fall off and larvae develop in pet-resting areas , larvae remain hidden deep in the carpet fibers, beneath furniture cushions, in pet bedding, in dog houses, under porches, and other protected areas, larvae feed on organic debris, especially dried blood in adults feces (flea dirt) which accumulates along with eggs in animal resting and bedding areas, (If you see fleas on your animal that is only 10% of the population) larvae stage length is 1 week to several months, depending on environmental conditions, loosen white cocoon cases enclose developing pupae; this stage lasts 7-10 days, the pupa then transforms into an immobile form called the preadult; it may remain in the silken cocoon for months until stimulated to emerge by favorable conditions of vibrations from hosts, increased carbon dioxide levels, or a sufficient number of warm humid days, Adult fleas are read to feed ASA they leave the cocoon. Life cycle can take as 12 days or as long as 140 days, depending on temperatures, humidity, and host availability

list non-chemical control tools that can be used to manage spiders

remove webbing with a broom or a vacuum; control the insects that serve as food within a structure. clean and re-arrange storage areas and basements regularly place sticky traps around the inside of basement and ground level rooms to monitor spider activity instal tight-fitting screens on doors and windows, and adjust door threshold seals to prevent entry install yellow incandescent or sodium vapor lights near a structure remove ivy or other heavy vegetation on the foundation of building walls avoid storing piles of lumber, firewood, or stones near a structure check boxes, furniture, and other items that have been in storage for egg cases and spiders brining these into a building

distinguish: rodents that must have access to free water rodents that acquire water from their food

rodents that must have access to free water- Meadow Vole?, Deer mouse? Norway rat, Roof rat rodents that acquire from their food- House mouse

Discuss how source reduction and prevention affect stored product pest management (find later)

source reduction- -dispose of any food, fabric, or other infected item. if a customer wants to keep an item tell them to place the item in an oven at 130f for 30 mins, or have it in a freezer at 0f for 3 days. - Improve sanitation. Most of the insects smell and can live on very little food. Empty cabinets and storage closets, then thoroughly clean surfaces with soap and water. A vacuum cleaner can be used to clean cracks and crevices which can harbor both food and insects. -clean infested clothes by washing the item in hot water or dry cleaning. If a wall-to-wall carpets or throw rugs are attacked, they may be need to be removed or cleaned. -Reduce high humidity and moisture within a building by repairing plumbing and increasing the ventilation. -use sticky traps that have food attractants or sex pheromones ( chemical released by females to attract males for mating) for some pantry pests. Traps can be used to monitor for the presence of these insects or to assist in population reduction. Prevention -inspect food packaging at the time of purchase. Do not accept any package that has been ripped or damaged in any manner -check the date of expiration. if the contents can't be used before it expired, choose another package with a longer expiration date -keep foo storage areas clean -store dried foods in tightly fitting glass, metal or plastic containers or in the freezer (if appropriate) -date products after purchase and use older products first. -have an ongoing ( or laundering or dry cleaning, where appropriate) of the facility or vulnerable items. -store valuable items ( bridal gown, tuxedo, furs) in specialized storage containers after dry cleaning -remove dead insects and nests (wasp, bird) that can be used as food source for stored product pests -use moth balls ( naphthalene) or cedar as repellants when appropriate permitted by products label

Identify the damage to a structure that can be caused by raccoons

they can den inside deserted buildings, culverts, chimneys, attics, and crawlspaces.

identify the damage to human foods by mice and rats

they can transmit diseases like salmonellosis (bacterial food poisoning) when infected poop and pee contaminate food

describes the social structure within honey bee hives

they have 3 castes: queens (egg production), drones (males for mating only), and sterile workers tend the young).

name ways bed bugs can move unassisted or assisted by humans (later)

they hide in luggage, purses, backpack, etc. they can travel in cracks and holes

the human health concerns from rodent infestations

they transmit diseases, most notably salmonellosis (bacterial food poisoning), when infected feces and pee contaminate food. Other rodent-borne diseases include place, murine typhus, rat-bite fever, rickettsial, hantavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, and tularemia.

state the key issues in designing a management program for: ticks, fleas, bed bugs and lice (later)

ticks- indoor management- clean your clothes and pet beds, rugs, floors, and furniture should be routinely vacuumed, especially along baseboards, and behind furniture, insecticide treatment should focus on cracks and crevices, baseboards, and molding, around door and window frames, underneath furniture, beneath the edges of carpeting behind loose wallpaper, and in similar hiding spots. outdoor- drag 3ft x 3ft white flannel cloth through suspected areas. pop can be reduced by mowing lawns and trimming other vegetation, thus making a less favorable habitat for ticks and their wild life hosts. keep lids on garbage cans and stop feeding the birds. repellants. tuck in your shirt and pant legs in tick habitat, check clothing while your at it. get insecticide a single application in mid-may re-treatment may be needed fleas- treat your pets, do laundry on pet bedding and throw rugs, vacuum carpeting, seal or repair floor, Remove all toys, clothing and stored items on from the floors, under the beds and in closets to provide access for treatment. remove pet food and water dishes and cover fish tanks and disconnect their air pumps, Chemical control. bed bugs- encasements of zippered encloses that cover the bed. throw away furniture, (to make them not destroy it though insert a knew-high nylon stocking in the end of the vacuum hose) steam. steam cleaner should be moved slowly 20 seconds per linear foot. dry steam or low vapor steamers are preferred, heat treatment, cold treatment such as cryolnite, (there's more like chemical treatment and detection methods) lice-wash clothes, go to a doctor, get an electric comb

associate the available monitoring tools for blood-feeding pests

ticks- do laundry and check on the body and clothes for ticks if you have been outside fleas-do laundry bed bugs- barrier tapes on bed legs, interceptor devices beneath bed legs, or a sticky surface sandwiched between small cardboard or plastic pieces. (that was passive now this is active) the host volatiles, carbon dioxide, and/or heat to attract bed bugs to a device. you can also use dogs. lice- do laundry and maybe get Robi Comb Mosquitoes- community wide effort- elimination of breeding sites. small areas can be treated using sprays, aerosols or fogs.