General Biology I Chapter 3 Quiz and Study Guide

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?

AGCTACC

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false?

Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. TRUE: One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of

CH2O.

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?

Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. TRUE: Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons." Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?

Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?

Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds. TRUE: Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds. Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

The 7 functional groups:

Hydroxyl (--OH) Carbonyl (ketone, aldehyde)(>C=O) Carboxyl (--COOH) Amino Group (--NH2) Sulfhydryl (--SH) Phosphate (--OPO32-) Methyl (--CH3)

How are genes used by cells to build proteins?

The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

They are monomers used to build proteins. TRUE: They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell. They function as chemical catalysts. They increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?

Triglycerides are hydrophilic

A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fats.

True

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be unsaturated.

True

If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that is liquid at room temperature.

True

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?

a carboxyl group

Organic compounds

always contain carbon.

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group

amino acid

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.

amino acids

How are these two amino acids attached together?

amino group to carboxylic acid group

Structural proteins

are found in hair and tendons.

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

cellulose, starch, and glycogen

A hydroxyl group is

characteristic of alcohols.

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

contains thymine in place of uracil

Lactose intolerance is the inability to

digest lactose

Proteins cannot be denatured by

freezing.

Sucrose is formed

from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

glycogen starch

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

hydrolysis.

Fatty acids are

hydrophobic.

Peptide bonds

link amino acids.

Cellulose differs from starch in that

most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.

A phospholipid is composed of

one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

Below are the structures of three fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. What combination of these fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature?

one palmitic acid, one stearic acid, and one oleic acid

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

phospholipids

A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a/an

polysaccharide.

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.

structure function

The primary structure of a protein is

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

the chemical properties of their R groups.

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem

These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?

the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?

the number of amino acids in the protein

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

the overall three-dimensional structure.

Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have

the same molecular formula but different chemical properties

Proteins differ from one another because

the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

to speed up chemical reactions

Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression?

-CH3

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

-COOH

Which of the following is an amino group?

-NH2

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false?

Many lipids function as enzymes. TRUE: Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones.

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. TRUE: The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.

Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false?

Nucleotides contain lipids. TRUE: Nucleotides contain sugar molecules. Nucleotides can be linked together to form nucleic acids. Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases.