GEO 350 US Canada
What is portland's slogan?
"Keep Portland Weird"
What do Alaskans call their indigenous people?
"first nations"
what is the minimum wage in California?
$15/hr
what fraction of the United States population lives in California
1/9, 39,000,000
what is the population of LA county?
10 million
how many lakes does Michigan have?
11,000
How many lakes does minnesota have?
12,000
What is the max height of the Sierra Nevada mountains?
14K
How many lakes does wisconsin have?
15,000
how many people live in metro LA?
18,000,000
How long is the growing season in inner Alaska?
2 months
What is the average elevation in Western Kansas and Nebraska?
2,000-4,000ft
how old is the Canadian shield?
2-4billion years
what percent of Michigans wetlands are being drained for farming?
20-25%
How may days a year does it rain in areas of the Pacific NW?
200+ days a year
how many miles of bike paths are there in San Francisco?
217
how high are the tallest mountains in North America and where are they?
22000-23000 in the Sierra Nevadas
how far can there sometimes be between road services such as gas stations:?
240 miles
How much did LArry Ellison buy a Hawaiian Island for>
300 million
how many public universities does CA have?
35 universities
What number largest city is chicago
3rd
how many volcanoes are on the big island of Hawaii?
5
If California were its own country, what would its economical ranking be?
5th
How deep is Hell's Canyon and what pop culture reference can it be compared to?
6000 ft deep and can be compared to Hell in the Oregon crossing game
How much snow did one storm in lake Tahoe include?
7 ft
What is the populaiton of the San Francisco Bay area?
7+ million
How high do the highway exits go in California?
791
How many of Hawaii's volcanic islands are populated?
8
What percent of Nevada is government land?
80%
how long is California from North to South?
800miles
What are the highs and lows for a typical Fairbanks Summer day and how many hours of daylight do they have>
89 degree high, 54 degree low, and 18 hours of daylight
What percent of Snake River Plain is covered with Lava
90%
What did LA start as?
A Spanish settlement
What has Minneapolis evolved into?
A financial center for north central US and there are also many high-tech service jobs
How large was Las Vegas 100 years ago?
About the same size as Mt.Pleasant
This is a ferry service that takes goods from Alaska to the lower 48
Alaska MArine Highway
What is the only really notable city in Alaska and what is its population?
Anchorage 300000 people
What tyoes of tough decisions do rural areas have to make?
Are the services they need their too costly to justify... should they close the hospital?
How do large casinos decorate without water?
Astroturf
What is the air quality like in Nevada, why?
Bad due to long periods with no precipitation
What are two Canadian twons that take advantage of mountain valleys for transportation?
Bannif and Jasper
A low area of land, generally surrounded by mountains
Basin
whay are people encouraged to drive less in Vancouver?
Because the land is so expensive that it isn't worth it to put in parking lots
Why did the United States create the Alaska Highway through Canada?
Before WWII to protect Alaska
This places holds the fastest on land speed record of 763 mph
Black Rock Desert
isolated hill or mountain with steep sides, smaller than a mesa
Butte
where do isolated communities generally pop up in Alaska? Canada?
By oil, by gold
What type of plant grows really well in Alaska and why?
Cabbage because it has a very short maturity time
Where do our crops come from in the winter?
California
Where is the northern Boundary to the Great plains?
Canadians call it the parklands
Why are fields round?
Center swivel irrigation
This was where they let every other square mile in the Rockies be logged
Checkerboard Legacy
What is the flatest city in North America?
Chicago
What is the style of a peublo?
Clay walls, facing central courtyard, single story and very boxy with wooden beams exposed
An ecosystem that does not rely on exchange of matter outside its system to exsist. The waste products of one species are used by another, so there is no waste or pollution
Closed Ecosystem
What tough decision do that have to make on fast moving rivers in the Pacific NW?
Do they want to use the river for hydroelectric dams, or for salmon becuase they cannot use both
What is Spring wheat generally turned into?
Durum to make pasta because it is a harder wheat
what kids of natural disastor drills do children in Oregon prep for?
Earthquake, tsunami, volcano eruption, and mudslide drills
What do some refer to the Williamette valley as and who does it most relate to?
Ecotopia, and the williamette valley more closely relates with different states same valley than it does differnet areas of the same state
what changes largely from east to west?
Elevation gradients and landscape
What explains the high elevation of high plains to the east of the Rockys
Erosion downhill to the east of the mountains
I the drier plateau section of the united states, a stream that carriers water, something otherwise unknown-or exotic- in this arid environment
Exotic Stream
What did Minneapolis have lots of?
Flour mills
What is Seattle #1 for according to a survey?
For technology job creation for copanies like Boeing, Amazon, and Microsoft
What type of industry do we see on the Sierra Nevada mountains?
Forestry not farming
What was an example of a Pacific NW city that was built with a dependency on the logging industry, and what exsisted there?
Forks, Washington with stores like "dazzled by twilight"' trying anything to stay afloat
Where does our spaghetti come from?
Further north, orthen dakotas
What region is largely affected by its continentiality?
GReat Basin, Nevada, and Snake River plain
This lake is shrinking and has receded a lot in the past 50 years and now is full of weird landforms
GReat SAlt Lake
What companies have heaquarters in Minneapolis?
General Mills, Pillsbury, Totinos, Target, 3M
What are the "Get over it" Billboards in the west in references to?
Get over the lack of a green lawn because it is just not practical
What is Salton Sea like?
Gross and extremely salty. Looks like a post apocolyptic place. It smells bad and all the fish died.
What state that we worked with has a closed ecosystem?
Hawaii
this was one of the last places in the Pacific to be settled
Hawaii
A law that allowed lessees to buy fee interest in leased land formerly held by trusts
Hawaii Land Reform Act (1967)
What is Chicago a hub for?
High-end service sector jobs
What causes the lack of coherent patterns in this area and made it harder to settle. Now it has confusing roads and houses in weird places
Idaho Batholith
Where are the sand hills and what are they?
In Nebraska and they are large dunes (about 1/2 the height of MI biggest)
Where is much of Idaho's population located?
In Snake River Plain
Where did railroad companies set up cities in the Sounf area?
In the best geographic locations aka: the low spots
What state grows lots of corn?
Iowa
where is there lots of hog farming?
Iowa and a pockket in North Carolina
What did the canal built in 1848 do for Chicago?
It connected the Great Lakes watershed to the Mississippi Riveer watershed and the railroad to NYC was finished
What are some desriptors of Santa Fe?
It is an administrative site, it has a central plaza like many Spanish cities
What is the climate of the great basin and why?
It is arid due to being in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada and Cascades
What is happening to the fishing industry in the Pacific NW? How are they combatting this?
It is declining because of overfishing. Now they have fisheries so we can get seafood cheaper
What did a study show about Kansas?
It is literally flatter than a pancake
Why do many cargo loads stop in Anchorage?
It is the first real midpoint between Asia and North America so they stop and distribute packages or refuel
What is Chicago known for besides being flaT?
It is the nations railroad center wiwth many main railroads converging there
what is the significance of Whitehorse?
It is the one of the large cities (about the size of Mt.Pleasat) but gets put on the map because it actually has stoplights
What is the climate of the E. side of Vancouver island like?
It is warm with a moderate climate
What is nice about growing wheat?
It isn't labor intensive so some just go to their farms occasionally
Why did Chicago form where it did?
It was an okay situation on a great site. It is the best harbor on the south or southwest end of the lake (originally it wasn't great)
Why was the railroad port that CN built in Prince Rupert important
It was the shortest PAcific route with a short distance to the Pacific rim and the deepest harbor
Why is California hard to govern?
It's so big, people want to split it into multiple states.
What is the name of the state that are currently trying to portion off some of California to become>
Jefferson
Where is winter wheat especially important because their summers are too hot and dry?
Kansas, Oklahoma, and eastern Colorado
What two cities in CA are global bussiness connections, especially with Asia?
LA and San Francisco
what is the rain like on the coast of alaska?
Less than MI gets at a time, but more frequent
What is the environment like in LA?
Lots of smog, and the buildings can only be so tall due to earthquake hazards
Before the tidal flats in Chicago were filled in, what used to be the farthest north you could build?
MI avenue
Organized handling of forest property to provide optimum use
Managed use
What was a pull factor for Chicago from Europe and the US South?
Manufacturing jobs
The Pacific NW mountains were too steep for farming so people used the area for lumber. What was the danger with this?
Mass wasting
what common landscape is built on a tidal flat in Chicago?
Millenium Park
Why was logging not profitable in the Pacific NW even though there were abundant trees
Most people lived in the east and there wasn't a way to move the lumer there
what style is much of the architecture in New Mexico like?
Native Pueblo
why did chicago grow so fast in the 19th century?
Natural resouces from Michigan were being shipped there including meat, farm machinery, and lumber and other raw materials
What language is television also broadcast in Arizona?
Navajo
Where is the population concentrated in Nevada?
Near the borders
Do all rivers end up draining somewhere?
No not necessarily, some simply just dry up like in the GReat Basin
What Hawaii island has big private land holdings?
Oahu
What area around San Francisco developed a larger port at the western terminus of railroads?
Oakland
Where is most of Canada's population located?
On the Southern border known as the 'final fronteir"
In the continental United States, where can the rain shadows of mountains be found?
On the east side
A type of mine that uncovers ore by digging a large hole. The largest one is the Bingham Canyon mine near Salt Lake City
Open Pit Mine
What was originally located where Silicon Valley is?
Orchard famring
Vacouver has a strong pull for migrants due to opportunites for money. Where are many of these immigrants from?
Primarily China, India, and the Phillipines
What city that we talked about is known for having sun balls 7 days a week?
Redding
What do you see in fields in the great plains
Round fields
Overall what is the rural/urban population story?
Rural areas are struggling and declining and the urban areas like dallas, kansas city and Omaha are growing
What diverted portion of the Colorado is drying up?
Salton Sea
What was the first important city in California and why did it form?
San Francisco and it formed as a trade site for gold from the Sierra Nevada mountains
The spanish created this city in 1608
Santa Fe
What is the Capitol of New Mexico?
Santa Fe
What happened to old mining boom settlements?
Some turned into ghost towns and others became tourist desitinations
Where are the Sierra Nevada mountains in relation to the Cascades
South
A steep sided, often symmetrical cone volcano composed of alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and pyroclastic material which tend to erupt explosively
Stratovolcano
what types of services can you get in Alaska cities?
Surprisingly commpreshensive ones considering their size. Have many different types of bussiness opportunities and odd things like tai resturants
what is the climate of southeastern alaska?
Temperate rainforest
Where is the water Vegas hotels use coming from?
The Colorado River
A 1930's program to irrigate dryland farming areas of the Columbia basin. the Centerpiece was GRand Coulee Dam
The Columbia Basin Project
What is the most urbanized region between California and Chicago?
The Front Range
Who runs the Illinois and Michigan Canal?
The Naitonal Park Service`
What did we learn from the interactive population map about the west and central United States?/
The Plains areas are decreasing in population while the Vegas area is booming
what made logging in the Northwest more profitable?
The Upper Great Lakes Crossover built in 1910 which has many "working waterfronts"
What made the lumber industry more prevelant in the 1880's
The building of the transcontinental railroad
what do Canadians mean when they refer to the "North"
The culture around exploration, progress, movies, songs and race issues with 'first nations"
Which area of the United States has the most lumbering?
The east coast because trees grow faster there
what is lava not good for and why
The foresty industry because it takes time to cool
what does farming in Iowa have to do with a lack of mobile homes
The land is worth more there as fields so they don't build cheap houses like that
why is CA so suceptible to fire?
The meditteranian climate means it is very dry so fires travel
why are warming climates issues for roads in the north?
The permafrost melts and causes they road to heave upwards. This causes ruined and bumpy roads that lead to cars bottoming out. this makes it hard to justify repaving costs
What did many of the large cities in the west grow around?
The railroad stops
what region includes the canadian shield?
The superior upland
How does the amount of rain Williamette Valley gets compare to the mountains around it.
The two mountain ranges surrounding it get TONs of rain, but they valley itself gets about the same amount as Mt.Pleasant
What is the political difference in Williamette Valley? What do they fight about?
The west is hispters and the east is farmers. NAtural resources use and abuse
What is the Pacific NW home to?
The world's largest temperate rain forest
What is a big draw of minneapolis?
Their great park system, high quality of life, some companies will pay you to bike to work
What is surprising about the jobs in Anchorage?
There are more high-level service sector jobs then you may imagine and therfore they have skyscrapers
What is a cool feature about the movie industry in Californina?
There are so many different landscpes they can pretend they are almost anywhere in the world by going to different parts of california and shooting
Why is Hawaii's history complex?
There were complicated relationships between natives and colonists. THe colonists took much of the natives land
Why is Portlanfd located where it is?
There were sand bars blocking of part of the river so they had to build the port further upriver and the town followed
How do the laws encourage border crossing into Nevada?
They allow less strict gambling laws
What are north Vancouver buildings like?
They are building houses up the north side of the mountain, but there is a cap to high they can build
What are evaporation basins?
They are former or temporary basins that are often used for recreation
What is currnt land situations like in Kansas?
They are giving away land for free to get people to go ther
what do building in Alaska often look like?
They are on stilts and look very industrial and plain because the permafrost cana mess with foundations and materials are expensive to ship there
How did the railroad companies manke the money to build the tracks?
They got 1/2 of the property around the area of the track and sold it for profit (think of diagram)
why does the farther north of mihchigan not rely as heavily on farming?
They have sandy soild with lower pH
Why are goods so expensive and how expensive?
They have to be shipped to isolated cities and costs $7.29 for a bag of Tostitos
How did loggers combat mass wasting on the mountains in the PAcific NW?
They reforested land they deforested right away in order to combat mass wasting because the land wasn't good for anything else anyways
How is tourism supporting the economy in towns along the freeways?
They try to grab any tourists they can who may be on road trips in the summer, bubt its a struggle. Things like corn palace and giant dino
What changed about buildings in San Franciso in 1960?
They were able to build them taller because engineering got better and we could combat earthquake hazards
Wht efforts has Alaska made to look mre attractive to tourists?
They've added roundabouts and made shops outside cruise ship stops
they have cattle grazing and hay on the Snake River Plain, but what types of things can they not grow here?
Things that require large amounts of water like tomatoes or cucumbers
what is the Alaska permanent fund?
This is a fund that says every alaska resident gets an annual payout of between $900 and 2000$ from oil royalties
What is the suoth side of the rockies like?
Trees at the tops of peaks, north facing slopes and watered yards due to a lack of moisture on south side but more moisture on the north side
How was Chicago designed and how was the land sold?
Using the town and range system
What city on the west coast was set up as a west coast railroad port to enhance ties to the rest of Canada?
Vancouver
hotels in this location will actually tax guests for water use
Vegas
What is the cost of living like in Hawaii (Honolulu specific)
Very expensive, average house = 1,360,000$
What is the city on Vancouver Island that has much British inpact and is a huge tourist destination?
Victoria
what is a town in the east of nevada that has many casinos?
West Wendover
Where is the front range located?
Where the Rockies meet the Great Plains in Colorado. This includes the Denver area
What is the real estate like in Victoria?
Wildly expensive
What issue do parts of Washington, Oregon and California face close to where people live?
active volcanoes
What are the great plains known for?
agragarian area
what form of economy is strongly associated with the midwest?
agriculture
A fan shaped depost of sediment located at the base of a mountain
alluvial fan
Where are grain elevators often located?
along the railroads
Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or a group of islands
archipelego
How do Alaskan goods get where they need to go?
barges for cheap and planes for expensive
The area in the North has thin soils, why>
because recent glaciers have allowed it to have less time to develop
why are the numbers we wrote for lake numbers misleading?
because what really is the definition of a lake
This is a basically a ground covered entirely in salt due to a dried up salt lake people race here
benneville salt flats.
What is the summer like in Alaska?
briefly warm, especially in the areas that are in the rain shadow
What tactic did they often use to try to convince people to move to obscure places like Montana during th development of America?
brochures
how were many tourist destinations today originally set up
by the railroad company
What is Anchorage a hub for?
cargo shipments
What can you find on essentially every border of Nevada
casinos
What large odd item could you buy and have shipped to you from Chicago?
catalog house
A forest harvesting technique that cuts all trees in an area at one time
clear-cutting
what is there more of in the wesT?
contentiality and landlocked states
what techniques do farmers use to combat the steep areas by the drfitless area/
contour plowing to limit erosion, planting different crops in rows right next to each other
What is the order of landscapes from west to east?
desert, prarie, savanna
Why is the treeline in the north creeping more north?
due to warming climate
what are the ideas about where a certain region is best thought of as?
dynamic processes
What side of the Hawaii islands get the most rain? what way are the winds blowing?
east side,blowing northeast
What are winter storm warnings based off of in CA?
elevation
What is the cost of living like in Sanf Francisco?
extremely expensive! $2,013 avg per month for a studio apartment
What is the growing schedule of winter wheat?
fall: starts growing, winter: dormant, spring: grows more, Early summer: Harvest
what is the land used for at lower elevations in HAwaii.
farming
what are large dams mainly used for in the great plains?
flood control
What are the western great plains being continuously dissected by?
fluvial processes
What is the largest land use in the Rocky's?
forestry
What does elevation affect?
geography of climate, precipitation, water, and transportation routes
what is at the low elevations of the areas in the north?
glaciers
why does michigan have so many lakes?
glaciers
what sorts of things are grown in the north of Michigan?
grapes, lumber
What types of farming are common in CA?
grapes, nuts, rice, cattle ranching
What are the current protests in Alaska?
health care challeges and lack of good education opportunities (teach in huts) therefore teachers don't stay
What allows for snow in Hawaii?
high elevations
What brings in people into North Dakota?
high paying oil jobs
What is a chronic issue in Hawaii?
homelessness and people without land
What is the Climate of the Snake River Plain like?
hot summer with a very cold winter and dry requiring irrigation for over 60% of fields
Canadian winter road made of frozen water over permafrost. Used to haul supplies to far northern areas
ice road
Where is Spring wheat generally grown?
in the Dakotas and Prarie Provinces
Where are flour mills generally built in the Southern GReat Plains
in towns
What did Chicago do with money made from the agricultural trade?
invested it in manufacturing
where is the new shifted core of the midwest?
iowa, northern illinois
What is the largest use of aquifers? how much did Texas use?
irrigation with Texas at 79.3%
What is the growing schedule of spring wheat like?
it grows spring-fall. With the long daylight it grows quick
What is the East Bay/Oakland like?
it has a lot more blue-collar jobs including steel mills and oil refineries . Because of this, it is more affordable than San Franciso
What is the climate like in Williamette Valley?
it has a mild climate with good soils but they do get snow so they do not have an all year growing season
What is the interior of British Columbia like?
it has pines and spruces from the tree lines down to the bottoms of the valleys
what is happening to fire season as the climate is changing?
it is getting longer
what was glacial ice like that got past Michigan?
it wasn't as thick
chicago tidal flats
land filled in with dirt to make more land
what shaped timing and location of euroamerican settlement?
landforms
without glaciers, how might the midwest look today?
like the driftless area
What does Nevada revolve around?
limited jobs in the service sector, extracative industry, tourism, and government jobs
what are the draws of moving to Nebraska?
literally nothing.... ranching?
What types of towns are struggling?
low population towns because there is nothign keeping people in them and outmigration is common
A climate strongly influenced by an oceanic environent, found on islands and the windward shores of continents. Characteriszed by small daily and yearly temperature ranges and high relative humidity
marine climate
What is the climate of coastal southern alaska?
marine climate
An isolated, relatively flat-topped natural elevation, usually more extensive than a butte and less extensive than a plateau
mesa
What matter due to the mountains and valleys in CA?
microclimates
what does the pop culture phrase mid-west stand for?
middle west
what are the characteristics of a meditteranian climate?
moderately wet winters with dry summerrs
what is the cliamate of north California?
more like the pacific northwest
what is causing the decline in CA agriculture?
more people are fighting over water, there are now weird policy issues as well
what changes do we see in vegetation as we increase in elevation?
more pine forests
The presence of this population of people is much large in the west than in the east
native people
What types of jobs could typically be found "up north"?
natural resources, shipping jobs, tourism, lower-paying service sector jobs generally
is LA walkable?
no because it grew up around th ecar
when was the worst fire in California? How did it start?
november 2018, campfire
What is the moderate climate of Williamette valley great for?
orchards
What is the high point in the rocky mountains?
over 14,000 ft
What have poeple in CA resorted to to have their houses look asthetically pleasing?
painting their grass green
what does the superior upland region look like?
part of canadian shield with rocky outcrops scoured by glaciers
A permanently frozen layer of soil
permafrost
who often named towns?
railroad comanies
what did railroad companies also serve as?
real estate agents
there have been many city planning innovations across Seattle such as?
retrofitting streets to fit bike lanes and taking down the freeway to increase greenspace
A gently sloping volcano in the shape of a flattened dome, built exclusively of lava flows
shield volcanos
What type of volcanos are Hawaiis?
shield volcanos
What are large dams in the plains cause?
shoreline height variaiton and recreation
how is land split up and owned in Hawaii?
small groups of families are major landowners
Where do they get the water for irrigation in the central valley?
snow/rain on the mountains, lakes from daming, and aqueducts
where can soybeans grow?
south of the bridge
What is the elevation like on either side of the Sierra Nevadas?
steep on the Great Basin side and more gradual on the central valley side
what feature of glaciers allows us to track accumulation?
stratification
What fluvial process sign is indicated in the badlands?
stratified sediments
A way of life prevalent in the North and in Alaska, sometimes used as a synonym with "living off the land" cultural and spiritual way of life that survives off hunting etc
subsistinence living
What did Mormons introduce into Utah and the Snake River Plain
sugar beets and potatoes
What is the environment in San Francisco like?
the Coast Range is in the city limits so some parts are very steep. Some streets are just staircases
what ohio landform affted where people settled in ohio?
the black swamp
why is the "up north" economy fragile?
the jobs their are low paying and generally dependent on natural resources or tourism
Why is the land in California ideal for farming?
the land is flat, topsoil eroded down from the mountain so the soils are very fertile
What makes the earthquake hazards greater in the Bay area?
the landfilling (building up of land that should be water) they shake more
what did the reigion including Michigan used to be reffered to?
the northwest (think OG airline names)
Where is the exception to the Meditteranian climate in CA?
the west side of the coastal range
Why does CA have such a wide economic varaiation of wealth?
there is the Silicon Valley type jobs hat fight for the best talent with money, but there are also the agricultural areas of the central valley who are struggling both for money and water
Why was clear cutting not as complete in The rockies as it was in Northern Michigan
there was more inaccessible land
why is rice a popular crop in CA?
they can flood the fields with water from the mountain
Why did Minneapolis have less manufacturing?
they had no water access to the Great Lakes
What are Californias trees like?
they have a wide variety including redwoods and seqoias which get VERY large
In what ways is California an environmental leader?
they have cancer warning according to CA proposition 65
Why did Minneapolis survive better than many other big cities like detroit, milwaukee or Cleveland
they weren't as reliant on manufacturing and automotive and had a diverse economy
Why is it that you can find merchandise for different sports teams in different places across the midwest?
this area was developed for and by the railroad
In the Northern Great Plains, where does wheat often go?
to Duluth for shipping or to the twin cities flour mills
why would they build a soccer field on the roof of a parking garage?
to combat a lack of space
what is replacing farms in Hawaii?
tourism and sprawl
what did Chicago real estate profit off of?
transportation advantages and geogrpahical advantages
what are plants like in the parklands?
trees survive due to less evaporation and it has special types of trees
What did Alaska cut 40% from their budget in order to increase every citizens oil check payout to $1,600
universities
The air temperature decrease when elevation increases
vertical zonation
What is the border between Alaska and the United states like?
very informal. Treeless path and checkpoint 20 miles in
what brings rain and snow to the coastal mountains in oregon?
westerly winds
Why does winter wheat not grow farther north?
winters are too cold and long
Where is most of Californias population located?
within 75 miles of the coast
What was Seattle known for in terms of good/work
wood products, and it was port dominated until WW2 when manufacturing grew