GEO 350 US Canada

What is portland's slogan?

"Keep Portland Weird"

What do Alaskans call their indigenous people?

"first nations"

what is the minimum wage in California?

$15/hr

what fraction of the United States population lives in California

1/9, 39,000,000

what is the population of LA county?

10 million

how many lakes does Michigan have?

11,000

How many lakes does minnesota have?

12,000

What is the max height of the Sierra Nevada mountains?

14K

How many lakes does wisconsin have?

15,000

how many people live in metro LA?

18,000,000

How long is the growing season in inner Alaska?

2 months

What is the average elevation in Western Kansas and Nebraska?

2,000-4,000ft

how old is the Canadian shield?

2-4billion years

what percent of Michigans wetlands are being drained for farming?

20-25%

How may days a year does it rain in areas of the Pacific NW?

200+ days a year

how many miles of bike paths are there in San Francisco?

217

how high are the tallest mountains in North America and where are they?

22000-23000 in the Sierra Nevadas

how far can there sometimes be between road services such as gas stations:?

240 miles

How much did LArry Ellison buy a Hawaiian Island for>

300 million

how many public universities does CA have?

35 universities

What number largest city is chicago

3rd

how many volcanoes are on the big island of Hawaii?

5

If California were its own country, what would its economical ranking be?

5th

How deep is Hell's Canyon and what pop culture reference can it be compared to?

6000 ft deep and can be compared to Hell in the Oregon crossing game

How much snow did one storm in lake Tahoe include?

7 ft

What is the populaiton of the San Francisco Bay area?

7+ million

How high do the highway exits go in California?

791

How many of Hawaii's volcanic islands are populated?

8

What percent of Nevada is government land?

80%

how long is California from North to South?

800miles

What are the highs and lows for a typical Fairbanks Summer day and how many hours of daylight do they have>

89 degree high, 54 degree low, and 18 hours of daylight

What percent of Snake River Plain is covered with Lava

90%

What did LA start as?

A Spanish settlement

What has Minneapolis evolved into?

A financial center for north central US and there are also many high-tech service jobs

How large was Las Vegas 100 years ago?

About the same size as Mt.Pleasant

This is a ferry service that takes goods from Alaska to the lower 48

Alaska MArine Highway

What is the only really notable city in Alaska and what is its population?

Anchorage 300000 people

What tyoes of tough decisions do rural areas have to make?

Are the services they need their too costly to justify... should they close the hospital?

How do large casinos decorate without water?

Astroturf

What is the air quality like in Nevada, why?

Bad due to long periods with no precipitation

What are two Canadian twons that take advantage of mountain valleys for transportation?

Bannif and Jasper

A low area of land, generally surrounded by mountains

Basin

whay are people encouraged to drive less in Vancouver?

Because the land is so expensive that it isn't worth it to put in parking lots

Why did the United States create the Alaska Highway through Canada?

Before WWII to protect Alaska

This places holds the fastest on land speed record of 763 mph

Black Rock Desert

isolated hill or mountain with steep sides, smaller than a mesa

Butte

where do isolated communities generally pop up in Alaska? Canada?

By oil, by gold

What type of plant grows really well in Alaska and why?

Cabbage because it has a very short maturity time

Where do our crops come from in the winter?

California

Where is the northern Boundary to the Great plains?

Canadians call it the parklands

Why are fields round?

Center swivel irrigation

This was where they let every other square mile in the Rockies be logged

Checkerboard Legacy

What is the flatest city in North America?

Chicago

What is the style of a peublo?

Clay walls, facing central courtyard, single story and very boxy with wooden beams exposed

An ecosystem that does not rely on exchange of matter outside its system to exsist. The waste products of one species are used by another, so there is no waste or pollution

Closed Ecosystem

What tough decision do that have to make on fast moving rivers in the Pacific NW?

Do they want to use the river for hydroelectric dams, or for salmon becuase they cannot use both

What is Spring wheat generally turned into?

Durum to make pasta because it is a harder wheat

what kids of natural disastor drills do children in Oregon prep for?

Earthquake, tsunami, volcano eruption, and mudslide drills

What do some refer to the Williamette valley as and who does it most relate to?

Ecotopia, and the williamette valley more closely relates with different states same valley than it does differnet areas of the same state

what changes largely from east to west?

Elevation gradients and landscape

What explains the high elevation of high plains to the east of the Rockys

Erosion downhill to the east of the mountains

I the drier plateau section of the united states, a stream that carriers water, something otherwise unknown-or exotic- in this arid environment

Exotic Stream

What did Minneapolis have lots of?

Flour mills

What is Seattle #1 for according to a survey?

For technology job creation for copanies like Boeing, Amazon, and Microsoft

What type of industry do we see on the Sierra Nevada mountains?

Forestry not farming

What was an example of a Pacific NW city that was built with a dependency on the logging industry, and what exsisted there?

Forks, Washington with stores like "dazzled by twilight"' trying anything to stay afloat

Where does our spaghetti come from?

Further north, orthen dakotas

What region is largely affected by its continentiality?

GReat Basin, Nevada, and Snake River plain

This lake is shrinking and has receded a lot in the past 50 years and now is full of weird landforms

GReat SAlt Lake

What companies have heaquarters in Minneapolis?

General Mills, Pillsbury, Totinos, Target, 3M

What are the "Get over it" Billboards in the west in references to?

Get over the lack of a green lawn because it is just not practical

What is Salton Sea like?

Gross and extremely salty. Looks like a post apocolyptic place. It smells bad and all the fish died.

What state that we worked with has a closed ecosystem?

Hawaii

this was one of the last places in the Pacific to be settled

Hawaii

A law that allowed lessees to buy fee interest in leased land formerly held by trusts

Hawaii Land Reform Act (1967)

What is Chicago a hub for?

High-end service sector jobs

What causes the lack of coherent patterns in this area and made it harder to settle. Now it has confusing roads and houses in weird places

Idaho Batholith

Where are the sand hills and what are they?

In Nebraska and they are large dunes (about 1/2 the height of MI biggest)

Where is much of Idaho's population located?

In Snake River Plain

Where did railroad companies set up cities in the Sounf area?

In the best geographic locations aka: the low spots

What state grows lots of corn?

Iowa

where is there lots of hog farming?

Iowa and a pockket in North Carolina

What did the canal built in 1848 do for Chicago?

It connected the Great Lakes watershed to the Mississippi Riveer watershed and the railroad to NYC was finished

What are some desriptors of Santa Fe?

It is an administrative site, it has a central plaza like many Spanish cities

What is the climate of the great basin and why?

It is arid due to being in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada and Cascades

What is happening to the fishing industry in the Pacific NW? How are they combatting this?

It is declining because of overfishing. Now they have fisheries so we can get seafood cheaper

What did a study show about Kansas?

It is literally flatter than a pancake

Why do many cargo loads stop in Anchorage?

It is the first real midpoint between Asia and North America so they stop and distribute packages or refuel

What is Chicago known for besides being flaT?

It is the nations railroad center wiwth many main railroads converging there

what is the significance of Whitehorse?

It is the one of the large cities (about the size of Mt.Pleasat) but gets put on the map because it actually has stoplights

What is the climate of the E. side of Vancouver island like?

It is warm with a moderate climate

What is nice about growing wheat?

It isn't labor intensive so some just go to their farms occasionally

Why did Chicago form where it did?

It was an okay situation on a great site. It is the best harbor on the south or southwest end of the lake (originally it wasn't great)

Why was the railroad port that CN built in Prince Rupert important

It was the shortest PAcific route with a short distance to the Pacific rim and the deepest harbor

Why is California hard to govern?

It's so big, people want to split it into multiple states.

What is the name of the state that are currently trying to portion off some of California to become>

Jefferson

Where is winter wheat especially important because their summers are too hot and dry?

Kansas, Oklahoma, and eastern Colorado

What two cities in CA are global bussiness connections, especially with Asia?

LA and San Francisco

what is the rain like on the coast of alaska?

Less than MI gets at a time, but more frequent

What is the environment like in LA?

Lots of smog, and the buildings can only be so tall due to earthquake hazards

Before the tidal flats in Chicago were filled in, what used to be the farthest north you could build?

MI avenue

Organized handling of forest property to provide optimum use

Managed use

What was a pull factor for Chicago from Europe and the US South?

Manufacturing jobs

The Pacific NW mountains were too steep for farming so people used the area for lumber. What was the danger with this?

Mass wasting

what common landscape is built on a tidal flat in Chicago?

Millenium Park

Why was logging not profitable in the Pacific NW even though there were abundant trees

Most people lived in the east and there wasn't a way to move the lumer there

what style is much of the architecture in New Mexico like?

Native Pueblo

why did chicago grow so fast in the 19th century?

Natural resouces from Michigan were being shipped there including meat, farm machinery, and lumber and other raw materials

What language is television also broadcast in Arizona?

Navajo

Where is the population concentrated in Nevada?

Near the borders

Do all rivers end up draining somewhere?

No not necessarily, some simply just dry up like in the GReat Basin

What Hawaii island has big private land holdings?

Oahu

What area around San Francisco developed a larger port at the western terminus of railroads?

Oakland

Where is most of Canada's population located?

On the Southern border known as the 'final fronteir"

In the continental United States, where can the rain shadows of mountains be found?

On the east side

A type of mine that uncovers ore by digging a large hole. The largest one is the Bingham Canyon mine near Salt Lake City

Open Pit Mine

What was originally located where Silicon Valley is?

Orchard famring

Vacouver has a strong pull for migrants due to opportunites for money. Where are many of these immigrants from?

Primarily China, India, and the Phillipines

What city that we talked about is known for having sun balls 7 days a week?

Redding

What do you see in fields in the great plains

Round fields

Overall what is the rural/urban population story?

Rural areas are struggling and declining and the urban areas like dallas, kansas city and Omaha are growing

What diverted portion of the Colorado is drying up?

Salton Sea

What was the first important city in California and why did it form?

San Francisco and it formed as a trade site for gold from the Sierra Nevada mountains

The spanish created this city in 1608

Santa Fe

What is the Capitol of New Mexico?

Santa Fe

What happened to old mining boom settlements?

Some turned into ghost towns and others became tourist desitinations

Where are the Sierra Nevada mountains in relation to the Cascades

South

A steep sided, often symmetrical cone volcano composed of alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and pyroclastic material which tend to erupt explosively

Stratovolcano

what types of services can you get in Alaska cities?

Surprisingly commpreshensive ones considering their size. Have many different types of bussiness opportunities and odd things like tai resturants

what is the climate of southeastern alaska?

Temperate rainforest

Where is the water Vegas hotels use coming from?

The Colorado River

A 1930's program to irrigate dryland farming areas of the Columbia basin. the Centerpiece was GRand Coulee Dam

The Columbia Basin Project

What is the most urbanized region between California and Chicago?

The Front Range

Who runs the Illinois and Michigan Canal?

The Naitonal Park Service`

What did we learn from the interactive population map about the west and central United States?/

The Plains areas are decreasing in population while the Vegas area is booming

what made logging in the Northwest more profitable?

The Upper Great Lakes Crossover built in 1910 which has many "working waterfronts"

What made the lumber industry more prevelant in the 1880's

The building of the transcontinental railroad

what do Canadians mean when they refer to the "North"

The culture around exploration, progress, movies, songs and race issues with 'first nations"

Which area of the United States has the most lumbering?

The east coast because trees grow faster there

what is lava not good for and why

The foresty industry because it takes time to cool

what does farming in Iowa have to do with a lack of mobile homes

The land is worth more there as fields so they don't build cheap houses like that

why is CA so suceptible to fire?

The meditteranian climate means it is very dry so fires travel

why are warming climates issues for roads in the north?

The permafrost melts and causes they road to heave upwards. This causes ruined and bumpy roads that lead to cars bottoming out. this makes it hard to justify repaving costs

What did many of the large cities in the west grow around?

The railroad stops

what region includes the canadian shield?

The superior upland

How does the amount of rain Williamette Valley gets compare to the mountains around it.

The two mountain ranges surrounding it get TONs of rain, but they valley itself gets about the same amount as Mt.Pleasant

What is the political difference in Williamette Valley? What do they fight about?

The west is hispters and the east is farmers. NAtural resources use and abuse

What is the Pacific NW home to?

The world's largest temperate rain forest

What is a big draw of minneapolis?

Their great park system, high quality of life, some companies will pay you to bike to work

What is surprising about the jobs in Anchorage?

There are more high-level service sector jobs then you may imagine and therfore they have skyscrapers

What is a cool feature about the movie industry in Californina?

There are so many different landscpes they can pretend they are almost anywhere in the world by going to different parts of california and shooting

Why is Hawaii's history complex?

There were complicated relationships between natives and colonists. THe colonists took much of the natives land

Why is Portlanfd located where it is?

There were sand bars blocking of part of the river so they had to build the port further upriver and the town followed

How do the laws encourage border crossing into Nevada?

They allow less strict gambling laws

What are north Vancouver buildings like?

They are building houses up the north side of the mountain, but there is a cap to high they can build

What are evaporation basins?

They are former or temporary basins that are often used for recreation

What is currnt land situations like in Kansas?

They are giving away land for free to get people to go ther

what do building in Alaska often look like?

They are on stilts and look very industrial and plain because the permafrost cana mess with foundations and materials are expensive to ship there

How did the railroad companies manke the money to build the tracks?

They got 1/2 of the property around the area of the track and sold it for profit (think of diagram)

why does the farther north of mihchigan not rely as heavily on farming?

They have sandy soild with lower pH

Why are goods so expensive and how expensive?

They have to be shipped to isolated cities and costs $7.29 for a bag of Tostitos

How did loggers combat mass wasting on the mountains in the PAcific NW?

They reforested land they deforested right away in order to combat mass wasting because the land wasn't good for anything else anyways

How is tourism supporting the economy in towns along the freeways?

They try to grab any tourists they can who may be on road trips in the summer, bubt its a struggle. Things like corn palace and giant dino

What changed about buildings in San Franciso in 1960?

They were able to build them taller because engineering got better and we could combat earthquake hazards

Wht efforts has Alaska made to look mre attractive to tourists?

They've added roundabouts and made shops outside cruise ship stops

they have cattle grazing and hay on the Snake River Plain, but what types of things can they not grow here?

Things that require large amounts of water like tomatoes or cucumbers

what is the Alaska permanent fund?

This is a fund that says every alaska resident gets an annual payout of between $900 and 2000$ from oil royalties

What is the suoth side of the rockies like?

Trees at the tops of peaks, north facing slopes and watered yards due to a lack of moisture on south side but more moisture on the north side

How was Chicago designed and how was the land sold?

Using the town and range system

What city on the west coast was set up as a west coast railroad port to enhance ties to the rest of Canada?

Vancouver

hotels in this location will actually tax guests for water use

Vegas

What is the cost of living like in Hawaii (Honolulu specific)

Very expensive, average house = 1,360,000$

What is the city on Vancouver Island that has much British inpact and is a huge tourist destination?

Victoria

what is a town in the east of nevada that has many casinos?

West Wendover

Where is the front range located?

Where the Rockies meet the Great Plains in Colorado. This includes the Denver area

What is the real estate like in Victoria?

Wildly expensive

What issue do parts of Washington, Oregon and California face close to where people live?

active volcanoes

What are the great plains known for?

agragarian area

what form of economy is strongly associated with the midwest?

agriculture

A fan shaped depost of sediment located at the base of a mountain

alluvial fan

Where are grain elevators often located?

along the railroads

Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or a group of islands

archipelego

How do Alaskan goods get where they need to go?

barges for cheap and planes for expensive

The area in the North has thin soils, why>

because recent glaciers have allowed it to have less time to develop

why are the numbers we wrote for lake numbers misleading?

because what really is the definition of a lake

This is a basically a ground covered entirely in salt due to a dried up salt lake people race here

benneville salt flats.

What is the summer like in Alaska?

briefly warm, especially in the areas that are in the rain shadow

What tactic did they often use to try to convince people to move to obscure places like Montana during th development of America?

brochures

how were many tourist destinations today originally set up

by the railroad company

What is Anchorage a hub for?

cargo shipments

What can you find on essentially every border of Nevada

casinos

What large odd item could you buy and have shipped to you from Chicago?

catalog house

A forest harvesting technique that cuts all trees in an area at one time

clear-cutting

what is there more of in the wesT?

contentiality and landlocked states

what techniques do farmers use to combat the steep areas by the drfitless area/

contour plowing to limit erosion, planting different crops in rows right next to each other

What is the order of landscapes from west to east?

desert, prarie, savanna

Why is the treeline in the north creeping more north?

due to warming climate

what are the ideas about where a certain region is best thought of as?

dynamic processes

What side of the Hawaii islands get the most rain? what way are the winds blowing?

east side,blowing northeast

What are winter storm warnings based off of in CA?

elevation

What is the cost of living like in Sanf Francisco?

extremely expensive! $2,013 avg per month for a studio apartment

What is the growing schedule of winter wheat?

fall: starts growing, winter: dormant, spring: grows more, Early summer: Harvest

what is the land used for at lower elevations in HAwaii.

farming

what are large dams mainly used for in the great plains?

flood control

What are the western great plains being continuously dissected by?

fluvial processes

What is the largest land use in the Rocky's?

forestry

What does elevation affect?

geography of climate, precipitation, water, and transportation routes

what is at the low elevations of the areas in the north?

glaciers

why does michigan have so many lakes?

glaciers

what sorts of things are grown in the north of Michigan?

grapes, lumber

What types of farming are common in CA?

grapes, nuts, rice, cattle ranching

What are the current protests in Alaska?

health care challeges and lack of good education opportunities (teach in huts) therefore teachers don't stay

What allows for snow in Hawaii?

high elevations

What brings in people into North Dakota?

high paying oil jobs

What is a chronic issue in Hawaii?

homelessness and people without land

What is the Climate of the Snake River Plain like?

hot summer with a very cold winter and dry requiring irrigation for over 60% of fields

Canadian winter road made of frozen water over permafrost. Used to haul supplies to far northern areas

ice road

Where is Spring wheat generally grown?

in the Dakotas and Prarie Provinces

Where are flour mills generally built in the Southern GReat Plains

in towns

What did Chicago do with money made from the agricultural trade?

invested it in manufacturing

where is the new shifted core of the midwest?

iowa, northern illinois

What is the largest use of aquifers? how much did Texas use?

irrigation with Texas at 79.3%

What is the growing schedule of spring wheat like?

it grows spring-fall. With the long daylight it grows quick

What is the East Bay/Oakland like?

it has a lot more blue-collar jobs including steel mills and oil refineries . Because of this, it is more affordable than San Franciso

What is the climate like in Williamette Valley?

it has a mild climate with good soils but they do get snow so they do not have an all year growing season

What is the interior of British Columbia like?

it has pines and spruces from the tree lines down to the bottoms of the valleys

what is happening to fire season as the climate is changing?

it is getting longer

what was glacial ice like that got past Michigan?

it wasn't as thick

chicago tidal flats

land filled in with dirt to make more land

what shaped timing and location of euroamerican settlement?

landforms

without glaciers, how might the midwest look today?

like the driftless area

What does Nevada revolve around?

limited jobs in the service sector, extracative industry, tourism, and government jobs

what are the draws of moving to Nebraska?

literally nothing.... ranching?

What types of towns are struggling?

low population towns because there is nothign keeping people in them and outmigration is common

A climate strongly influenced by an oceanic environent, found on islands and the windward shores of continents. Characteriszed by small daily and yearly temperature ranges and high relative humidity

marine climate

What is the climate of coastal southern alaska?

marine climate

An isolated, relatively flat-topped natural elevation, usually more extensive than a butte and less extensive than a plateau

mesa

What matter due to the mountains and valleys in CA?

microclimates

what does the pop culture phrase mid-west stand for?

middle west

what are the characteristics of a meditteranian climate?

moderately wet winters with dry summerrs

what is the cliamate of north California?

more like the pacific northwest

what is causing the decline in CA agriculture?

more people are fighting over water, there are now weird policy issues as well

what changes do we see in vegetation as we increase in elevation?

more pine forests

The presence of this population of people is much large in the west than in the east

native people

What types of jobs could typically be found "up north"?

natural resources, shipping jobs, tourism, lower-paying service sector jobs generally

is LA walkable?

no because it grew up around th ecar

when was the worst fire in California? How did it start?

november 2018, campfire

What is the moderate climate of Williamette valley great for?

orchards

What is the high point in the rocky mountains?

over 14,000 ft

What have poeple in CA resorted to to have their houses look asthetically pleasing?

painting their grass green

what does the superior upland region look like?

part of canadian shield with rocky outcrops scoured by glaciers

A permanently frozen layer of soil

permafrost

who often named towns?

railroad comanies

what did railroad companies also serve as?

real estate agents

there have been many city planning innovations across Seattle such as?

retrofitting streets to fit bike lanes and taking down the freeway to increase greenspace

A gently sloping volcano in the shape of a flattened dome, built exclusively of lava flows

shield volcanos

What type of volcanos are Hawaiis?

shield volcanos

What are large dams in the plains cause?

shoreline height variaiton and recreation

how is land split up and owned in Hawaii?

small groups of families are major landowners

Where do they get the water for irrigation in the central valley?

snow/rain on the mountains, lakes from daming, and aqueducts

where can soybeans grow?

south of the bridge

What is the elevation like on either side of the Sierra Nevadas?

steep on the Great Basin side and more gradual on the central valley side

what feature of glaciers allows us to track accumulation?

stratification

What fluvial process sign is indicated in the badlands?

stratified sediments

A way of life prevalent in the North and in Alaska, sometimes used as a synonym with "living off the land" cultural and spiritual way of life that survives off hunting etc

subsistinence living

What did Mormons introduce into Utah and the Snake River Plain

sugar beets and potatoes

What is the environment in San Francisco like?

the Coast Range is in the city limits so some parts are very steep. Some streets are just staircases

what ohio landform affted where people settled in ohio?

the black swamp

why is the "up north" economy fragile?

the jobs their are low paying and generally dependent on natural resources or tourism

Why is the land in California ideal for farming?

the land is flat, topsoil eroded down from the mountain so the soils are very fertile

What makes the earthquake hazards greater in the Bay area?

the landfilling (building up of land that should be water) they shake more

what did the reigion including Michigan used to be reffered to?

the northwest (think OG airline names)

Where is the exception to the Meditteranian climate in CA?

the west side of the coastal range

Why does CA have such a wide economic varaiation of wealth?

there is the Silicon Valley type jobs hat fight for the best talent with money, but there are also the agricultural areas of the central valley who are struggling both for money and water

Why was clear cutting not as complete in The rockies as it was in Northern Michigan

there was more inaccessible land

why is rice a popular crop in CA?

they can flood the fields with water from the mountain

Why did Minneapolis have less manufacturing?

they had no water access to the Great Lakes

What are Californias trees like?

they have a wide variety including redwoods and seqoias which get VERY large

In what ways is California an environmental leader?

they have cancer warning according to CA proposition 65

Why did Minneapolis survive better than many other big cities like detroit, milwaukee or Cleveland

they weren't as reliant on manufacturing and automotive and had a diverse economy

Why is it that you can find merchandise for different sports teams in different places across the midwest?

this area was developed for and by the railroad

In the Northern Great Plains, where does wheat often go?

to Duluth for shipping or to the twin cities flour mills

why would they build a soccer field on the roof of a parking garage?

to combat a lack of space

what is replacing farms in Hawaii?

tourism and sprawl

what did Chicago real estate profit off of?

transportation advantages and geogrpahical advantages

what are plants like in the parklands?

trees survive due to less evaporation and it has special types of trees

What did Alaska cut 40% from their budget in order to increase every citizens oil check payout to $1,600

universities

The air temperature decrease when elevation increases

vertical zonation

What is the border between Alaska and the United states like?

very informal. Treeless path and checkpoint 20 miles in

what brings rain and snow to the coastal mountains in oregon?

westerly winds

Why does winter wheat not grow farther north?

winters are too cold and long

Where is most of Californias population located?

within 75 miles of the coast

What was Seattle known for in terms of good/work

wood products, and it was port dominated until WW2 when manufacturing grew