Geog Exam 3

Tiny clay particles in the soil that attract cations are called

Colloids

Tiny clay particles in the soil that attract cations are called?

Colloids

Endogenic processes are those that break down landforms. T or F

False

Soils are an interface between plate tectonics and the hydrological cycle T or F

False

Where the energy from rocks breaking/shearing causing an earthquake is called the epicenter. T or F

False

Chemical weathering is greatest under which of the following conditions?

High mean annual temperature and precipitation

Which of the following ions are important for acidity (pH)?

Hydrogen

Application of heat and pressure to existing rocks creates this rock type.

Igneous Extrusive

The state of equilibrium in which different portions of the earth's crust adjusts through endogenic and exogenic processes to float atop the mantle.

Isostatic adjustment

What is the most abundant chemical element in the Earth's crust?

Oxygen

The mass movement of earth material (as shown in an image for La Conchita, Ventura California) as a homogeneous unit that slips in an round arc shape in mass wasting is a?

Rotational slump

Compaction and cementing of eroded material is associated with which rock type?

Sedimentary

______________ is a reduction in the internal resistance of the slope. The forces attempting to pull a mass downslope lead to an increase in _____________.

Shear Strength; Shear Stress

uniformitarianism assumes that

The same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have operated over geologic time

A batholith represents an example of igneous intrusive rock implacement, usually made of granites T or F

True

California's San Andreas fault is an example of a strike-slip fault T or F

True

Red-colored earth materials generally are associated with oxidation T or F

True

Soils are a dynamic natural body made up of fine materials covering earth's surface in which plants grow and are composed of both mineral and organic matters. T or F

True

The moltent material underneath the Earth's crustal plates is within the mantle T or F

True

Weathering is the decomposition and disintegration of rocks in situ. T or F

True

Folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest form __________, whereas the layers near the trough form __________.

an anticline; a syncline

which of the following plays a role in the shaping of Earth's surface?

gravity, action of wind, water, and ice, radioactive decay of atoms

the four mechanical forces that act on the down-slope movement of geologic materials are

gravity, friction, cohesion, pore water pressure

Distinct horizontal layers in the soil are called

horizons

Knowledge of the Earth's interior is learned from ____________

indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves from earthquakes

After tropical deforestation occurs the tropical soils are subject to increased rates of ___________ from the higher precipitation regime, which leads to the vertical soil erosional process of _____________ in the upper soil horizons and therefore a deeper depositional process of _____________ in the lower soil horizons.

leaching, eluviation, illuviation

At which of the following locations is new oceanic crust being formed?

mid oceanic ridge

which Lithospheric plate has the greatest density?

oceanic

the catena sequence in soils is based on:

parent material and landscape relief

earthquakes and volcanic activity are primarily found where?

plate margins

the partially-weathered broken up layer of rock material resting on top of bed rock at the base of a soil profile is called

regolith

Youngest rocks would be found in which of the following areas?

rift zones

Compaction and cementing of eroded material is associated with which rock type?

sedimentary

three types of rock-forming processes comprise the

the rock cycle

The oceanic crust is ___________ and _____________ than the continental crust.

thicker and lighter

Karst landscapes dominated by sink holes and caverns are created with this weathering process

Carbonation

The Himalayan Mountains (think Mt. Everest) are forming by a(n) _________.

continental plate-continental plate collision

plate boundaries are associated with

earthquakes, volcanoes, subduction, and rifting

what concepts characterize plate tectonic landforms

fault- Block Mountain, Mid- Ocean Range, Volcanic Arc